why web 3.0?
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Iashington 2008
Dr. Sabin‐Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Why Web 2.0?
Dr. Sabin Buraga“A. I. Cuza” University of Iaşi, Romania
Faculty of Computer Science
Iashington 2008
Dr. Sabin‐Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Sabin Buraga
computer science
arts
Web interaction
design
painting
professor
music
faculty
semantic
literature
A. I. Cuza
photo
blog
programming
conference
bookscourse
Romania
XML
busaco
research
Iashington 2008
Dr. Sabin‐Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
What is the Web?
Iashington 2008
Dr. Sabin‐Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
World Wide Web
Internet service
Web ≠ Internet
Iashington 2008
Dr. Sabin‐Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
World Wide Web
facilitates communication between people
Iashington 2008
Dr. Sabin‐Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
World Wide Web
…and computers, too
Iashington 2008
Dr. Sabin‐Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
World Wide Web
based on client/server model
Webserver
Web client
(browser)
request
response
Iashington 2008
Dr. Sabin‐Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
World Wide Web
based on hypertext
Iashington 2008
Dr. Sabin‐Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Genesis
about Web 1.0 and other relics
Iashington 2008
Dr. Sabin‐Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Web 1.0
Sir Tim Berners‐Lee
CERN – 1989
uniform access to disparate sources of information, without differences between data sources
Iashington 2008
Dr. Sabin‐Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
anything can link to anything
Web 1.0
Iashington 2008
Dr. Sabin‐Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Web 1.0
Main goalsdevice independencesoftware independence
scalabilitymultimedia
Iashington 2008
Dr. Sabin‐Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Web 1.0
resource identified by its address
URI – Uniform Resource Identifier
http://twitter.com/busaco
Iashington 2008
Dr. Sabin‐Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Web 1.0
access to the content resource via a protocolHTTP – HyperText Transfer Protocol
GET, POST, PUT, DELETE, OPTIONS,…
Iashington 2008
Dr. Sabin‐Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Web 1.0
Resources – documents – include markups
HTML (HyperText Markup Language)
<html><head>…</head><body>…</body></html>
Web pages
Iashington 2008
Dr. Sabin‐Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Web 1.0
Markups refer to other addresses (URIs)
hypertext = more than text
hypermedia = more than multimedia
Iashington 2008
Dr. Sabin‐Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Web 1.0
Web sites versusWeb applications
unitary information versus specific functionality
Iashington 2008
Dr. Sabin‐Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Web 1.0
Iashington 2008
Dr. Sabin‐Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Web 1.0
Web application
interaction between users and applicationvia an Web interface
Amazon, Expedia, Kartoo, PHPMyAdmin, webmin,…
Iashington 2008
Dr. Sabin‐Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Web 1.0
Web application = Interface + Content (Data) + Program
Iashington 2008
Dr. Sabin‐Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
myth #1: most important is the interface
Iashington 2008
Dr. Sabin‐Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
myth #2: most important is the content
Iashington 2008
Dr. Sabin‐Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
myth #3: most important is the program
Iashington 2008
Dr. Sabin‐Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Web 1.0
Web application = Interface + Content (Data) + Program
in fact, all are important!
Iashington 2008
Dr. Sabin‐Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Next step: Web 2.0
user involvement
Iashington 2008
Dr. Sabin‐Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
(Sad) facts about Web 1.0…
the user as a passive spectator (consumer)read‐only Web
Iashington 2008
Dr. Sabin‐Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
(Sad) facts about Web 1.0…
limited user interactionvia e‐mail, guestbooks, forums,…
Iashington 2008
Dr. Sabin‐Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
(Sad) facts about Web 1.0…
keyword‐based (dumb) searchWeb directories
Iashington 2008
Dr. Sabin‐Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
(Sad) facts about Web 1.0…
the e‐business factorthe rise & fall of .com and other e‐...
Iashington 2008
Dr. Sabin‐Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
(Sad) facts about Web 1.0…
the lack of standards browsers war
Iashington 2008
Dr. Sabin‐Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
So, what we must imagine?
Iashington 2008
Dr. Sabin‐Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
“The web is more a social creation than a technical one.
The ultimate goal of the Web is to support and improve our web‐like existence in the world. We clump into families, associations, andcompanies. We develop trust across miles
and distrust around a corner.”
Tim Berners‐Lee
Iashington 2008
Dr. Sabin‐Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Present Web: Web 2.0
A platform that give users the possibility (liberty)to control their data
Tim O’Reilly, 2005
focused on social topics
Iashington 2008
Dr. Sabin‐Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
“…openness of data and services, rich user experience and low cost of delivery.”
Jeff Clavier
Iashington 2008
Dr. Sabin‐Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Social Web
New types of Web applications – examples:blogswikis
social networkspodcasts & vodcasts
mash‐ups
Iashington 2008
Dr. Sabin‐Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Iashington 2008
Dr. Sabin‐Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
SAAS (Software as a Service)
services, not software “mammoths”
Social Web
Iashington 2008
Dr. Sabin‐Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Social Web
SAAS (Software as a Service)
specific Web services, easy to be updated/replaced
Office suite Google Docs
open APIs to give access to public services available on Webe.g., Facebook, Flickr, Google, Twitter,…
Iashington 2008
Dr. Sabin‐Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Iashington 2008
Dr. Sabin‐Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Social Web
Participation
read/write Web
Iashington 2008
Dr. Sabin‐Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Social Web
Participation
collaborationcommunities
inter‐personal connectivityconnectivity between applications
Iashington 2008
Dr. Sabin‐Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Social Web
Data openness
data transformation/reusevia open formats, easy to be processed
XML (Extensible Markup Language)
Iashington 2008
Dr. Sabin‐Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Social Web
Web application ubiquityplatform independence
Iashington 2008
Dr. Sabin‐Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Social Web
Web application ubiquity
bookmarks saved on the client side (for every browser) versus bookmarks available on Web,
easy to be accessed and shared with others
Iashington 2008
Dr. Sabin‐Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Social Web
Collective intelligence
collaborative management of the content
“With enough eye balls, all bugs are shallow”Eric Raymond
Iashington 2008
Dr. Sabin‐Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Social Web
Important values
openness, transparency, respect
Creative Commons initiativereasonable, flexible copyright
Iashington 2008
Dr. Sabin‐Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Social Web
Architectures of participation
blogging blogosphere
from personal diary to corporate advertising/branding
Blogger, Wordpress, MovableType
Iashington 2008
Dr. Sabin‐Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Social Web
Architectures of participation
microblogging
short notes written via Web, mobile phoneor conventional applications
Twitter, Jaiku
Iashington 2008
Dr. Sabin‐Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Social Web
See you later!
Twitter?It’s down…
Iashington 2008
Dr. Sabin‐Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Social Web
Architectures of participation
social networks
(in)direct connections between persons versussharing of a social object: photo, video, news,…
Iashington 2008
Dr. Sabin‐Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Social WebLast.fm
BookMooch
Flickr
Hi5
Orkut
???
Iashington 2008
Dr. Sabin‐Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Social Web
Tagging
ah‐hoc user‐controlled classification of resources,shared within a community of interest
tag = simple data or metadata (data about data)attached to an object – a Web resource
Iashington 2008
Dr. Sabin‐Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Social Web
Object of interest (photo, video, book,…)
tagging
Iashington 2008
Dr. Sabin‐Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Web‐ul social
Iashington 2008
Dr. Sabin‐Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Iashington 2008
Dr. Sabin‐Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Web‐ul social
Iashington 2008
Dr. Sabin‐Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Web bookmarkingConnotea, Del.icio.usDocumentsGoogle Docs, ScribdMindmapping & diagramsBubbl.us , GliffyVideo Blip.TV, JumpCut , Vimeo
PresentationsSlideLive, SlideshareEvenimentsEventful, UpcomingProject managementBasecampTravel/tourismDopplr, TouristR
And many others…
Social Web
Iashington 2008
Dr. Sabin‐Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Social Web
“In Web we trust” (?!)
wiki applications(open) collaborative content management wikinomics
Wikipedia.org
MediaWiki, MoinMoin, XWiki, etc.
Iashington 2008
Dr. Sabin‐Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Iashington 2008
Dr. Sabin‐Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Social Web
Syndication
data regarding a given Web site is free availableto be accessed/processed via a news feedRSS (Really Simple Syndication)/Atom
Iashington 2008
Dr. Sabin‐Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Social Web
Syndication
podcasting = pod (iPod) + broadcastaudio/video stream to be played by a multimedia player
(e.g., iTunes) – accessed via a podcast feed
Iashington 2008
Dr. Sabin‐Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Social Web
Rich user interaction
RIA (Rich Internet Applications)
Web interactivity similar to the conventional interactivity
Iashington 2008
Dr. Sabin‐Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Social Web
Rich user interaction
open technologies
AJAX (Asynchronous JavaScript And XML)Flex/AIRSilverlight
Iashington 2008
Dr. Sabin‐Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Social Web
Rich user interaction
widgets = specific mini‐applications available at the level of:desktop
Web clientmobile device
Google Desktop, iPhone, KDE, Mac OS X, Vista,…
Iashington 2008
Dr. Sabin‐Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Why Web 3.0?
Sabin Buraga
Iashington 2008
Dr. Sabin‐Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Social Web
Mash‐ups
new user experience/functionality by combining content provided by multiple (independent) data sources:
RSS/Atom feeds, Web services, open APIs,…
ProgrammableWeb.com
Iashington 2008
Dr. Sabin‐Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Iashington 2008
Dr. Sabin‐Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Realities
Same old keyword‐based search
Identity abuse the need for social verification
Web applications are still rigid: each site has got its data and it is not sharing it
Iashington 2008
Dr. Sabin‐Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Realities
computers can not understand anything
Iashington 2008
Dr. Sabin‐Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
RealitiesBeyond the present Web
towards the Web of data
Iashington 2008
Dr. Sabin‐Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Necessity
attaching metadata to Web resources
vocabularies describing “things”:properties, domains, persons,…
Iashington 2008
Dr. Sabin‐Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Necessity
specifying relations between resources
Iashington 2008
Dr. Sabin‐Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Necessity
managing knowledge about things
Iashington 2008
Dr. Sabin‐Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Necessity
The implicit knowledge must be explicitly specified
“java” ≡ language, island, or coffee?
Iashington 2008
Dr. Sabin‐Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Necessity
The implicit knowledge must be explicitly specified
Java is a programming languageXWiki is an application written in Java
Java is older than C#
Statements that can be figured out by (some) people…But the computers can understand them?
Iashington 2008
Dr. Sabin‐Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Iashington 2008
Dr. Sabin‐Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Solution
RDF (Resource Description Framework)
attach metadata and specify relations between resources
can use multiple syntaxes, including XML
important brick of the semantic Web
Iashington 2008
Dr. Sabin‐Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Title: In the flesh – liveArtist: Roger WatersYear: 2002Format: DVDSound: 5.1 Dolby DigitalType: concertDuration: 170 minutesSubtitles: N/ADetails: www.roger‐waters.com
English
Iashington 2008
Dr. Sabin‐Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
The format of the resource denoted byhttp://www.roger‐waters.com/in‐the‐flesh is DVD
<rdf:RDF><rdf:Description
rdf:about="http://www.roger-waters.com/in-the-flesh"> <s:Format>DVD</s:Format>
</rdf:Description> </rdf:RDF>
RDF – example
Iashington 2008
Dr. Sabin‐Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Syntactic alternatives:format ("http://www.roger‐waters.com/in‐the‐flesh", "DVD")
RDF – example
Iashington 2008
Dr. Sabin‐Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
isA ("#java", "#language")
basedOn ("http://www.xwiki.org/", "#java")
talksAt ("http://www.purl.org/net/busaco", "http://iashington.org/")
http://internetalchemy.org/2005/09/the‐sixteen‐faces‐of‐eve
RDF – example
Iashington 2008
Dr. Sabin‐Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Alice
John
knowsrelation
owns
hasNameproperty
pig
photo
www.flickr.com/john
hasTag
class of persons
Iashington 2008
Dr. Sabin‐Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
relations between resources
FOAF (Friend Of A Friend)DOAP (Description Of A Project)
RDF
Iashington 2008
Dr. Sabin‐Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
metadata embedded into resources
Adobe XMP (Extensible Metadata Platform)RDFa
microformats
RDF
Iashington 2008
Dr. Sabin‐Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Using common HTML markups to denote “semantic” constructs specifying metadata within Web pages
HTML elements (<div>, <span>) to indicate data and structureCSS “classes” to describe specific data
www.microformats.org
Microformats
Iashington 2008
Dr. Sabin‐Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Specifying information about a person via hCard
Microformats
Iashington 2008
Dr. Sabin‐Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Data can be easily processed without additional effort and/or by using an alternative format provided by the application
Examples:Flickr, Last.fm, Revyu, Upcoming, WordPress, Yahoo! Tech,…
Experiment:create mash‐ups via Operator extension for Firefox
Microformats
Iashington 2008
Dr. Sabin‐Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
existing data can be interconnected for further uses
Web of Data – Web 3.0
Iashington 2008
Dr. Sabin‐Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Knowledge about resources can be sharedwithin a given community of practice
structuring information conform to different points of view
AAA – Anyone can say Anything about Any topic
Web of Data – Web 3.0
Iashington 2008
Dr. Sabin‐Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Ontologies
expressed by standardized languagesOWL (Web Ontology Language)
Web of Data – Web 3.0
Iashington 2008
Dr. Sabin‐Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Class (participant intersectionOf (student young person))Class (participantintersectionOf (restriction (hasPet allValuesFrom (penguin))restriction (hasPet someValuesFrom (animal))))
Web of Data – Web 3.0
Every participant must have at least one penguin – because her/his has a pet and all pets must be penguins
Iashington 2008
Dr. Sabin‐Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
ObjectProperty (hasPet domain (person) range (animal))Individual (Alice type (young) type (student)
value (hasPet Tux))
Web of Data – Web 3.0
Alice must be a person – owners of pets are persons –and she is a participant
Tux must be a penguin (all pets of participants are penguins)
Iashington 2008
Dr. Sabin‐Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Using these statements, Web applications can reason
the need of specifying rules
if P is a participant, then P is paying attentionsome participants are intelligent
Web of Data – Web 3.0
Iashington 2008
Dr. Sabin‐Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
“Intelligent” query of Wikipedia: DBpedia, Powerset
Semantic Web search engines: Hakia, Yahoo! SearchMonkey
Semantic social networks: GroupMe!, Twine
Semantic Web browsing: Magpie, PowerMagpie
Assuring portability: DataPortability initiative
Applications
Iashington 2008
Dr. Sabin‐Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busacoSemantic mash‐ups via data repositories: Linked Data
Iashington 2008
Dr. Sabin‐Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Sweet Tools – Comprehensive Listing of Semantic Web and Related Tools
www.mkbergman.com/?page_id=325
Iashington 2008
Dr. Sabin‐Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Iashington 2008
Dr. Sabin‐Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
D. Allemang, J. Hendler, Semantic Webfor the Working Ontologist, Morgan Kaufmann, 2008
G. Antoniou, F. van Harmelen, A Semantic Web Primer(2nd Edition), MIT Press, 2008
Nodalities – The Magazine of Semantic Web: www.talis.com/nodalities
World Wide Web Consortium: www.w3.org
Resources
Iashington 2008
Dr. Sabin‐Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Why Web 3.0?
from the classical Web to social Weband the Web of data – “Web 3.0”
Iashington 2008
Dr. Sabin‐Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Iashington 2008
Dr. Sabin‐Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Questions?
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