why web 3.0?

Iashington 2008

Dr. Sabin‐Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco

Why Web 2.0?

Dr. Sabin Buraga“A. I. Cuza” University of Iaşi, Romania

Faculty of Computer Science

Iashington 2008


Sabin Buraga

computer science

arts

Web interaction

design

painting

professor

music

faculty

semantic

literature

A. I. Cuza

photo

blog

programming

conference

bookscourse

Romania

XML

busaco

research

Iashington 2008


What is the Web?

Iashington 2008


World Wide Web

Internet service

Web ≠ Internet

Iashington 2008


World Wide Web

facilitates communication between people

Iashington 2008


World Wide Web

…and computers, too

Iashington 2008


World Wide Web

based on client/server model

Webserver

Web client

(browser)

request

response

Iashington 2008


World Wide Web

based on hypertext

Iashington 2008


Genesis

about Web 1.0 and other relics

Iashington 2008


Web 1.0

Sir Tim Berners‐Lee

CERN – 1989

uniform access to disparate sources of information, without differences between data sources

Iashington 2008


anything can link to anything

Web 1.0

Iashington 2008


Web 1.0

Main goalsdevice independencesoftware independence

scalabilitymultimedia

Iashington 2008


Web 1.0

resource identified by its address

URI – Uniform Resource Identifier

http://twitter.com/busaco

Iashington 2008


Web 1.0

access to the content resource via a protocolHTTP – HyperText Transfer Protocol

GET, POST, PUT, DELETE, OPTIONS,…

Iashington 2008


Web 1.0

Resources – documents – include markups

HTML (HyperText Markup Language)

<html><head>…</head><body>…</body></html>

Web pages

Iashington 2008


Web 1.0

Markups refer to other addresses (URIs)

hypertext = more than text

hypermedia = more than multimedia

Iashington 2008


Web 1.0

Web sites versusWeb applications

unitary information versus specific functionality

Iashington 2008


Web 1.0

Iashington 2008


Web 1.0

Web application

interaction between users and applicationvia an Web interface

Amazon, Expedia, Kartoo, PHPMyAdmin, webmin,…

Iashington 2008


Web 1.0

Web application = Interface + Content (Data) + Program

Iashington 2008


myth #1: most important is the interface

Iashington 2008


myth #2: most important is the content

Iashington 2008


myth #3: most important is the program

Iashington 2008


Web 1.0

Web application = Interface + Content (Data) + Program

in fact, all are important!

Iashington 2008


Next step: Web 2.0

user involvement

Iashington 2008


(Sad) facts about Web 1.0…

the user as a passive spectator (consumer)read‐only Web

Iashington 2008



limited user interactionvia e‐mail, guestbooks, forums,…

Iashington 2008



keyword‐based (dumb) searchWeb directories

Iashington 2008



the e‐business factorthe rise & fall of .com and other e‐...

Iashington 2008



the lack of standards browsers war

Iashington 2008


So, what we must imagine?

Iashington 2008


“The web is more a social creation than a technical one.

The ultimate goal of the Web is to support and improve our web‐like existence in the world. We clump into families, associations, andcompanies. We develop trust across miles

and distrust around a corner.”

Tim Berners‐Lee

Iashington 2008


Present Web: Web 2.0

A platform that give users the possibility (liberty)to control their data

Tim O’Reilly, 2005

focused on social topics

Iashington 2008


“…openness of data and services, rich user experience and low cost of delivery.”

Jeff Clavier

Iashington 2008


Social Web

New types of Web applications – examples:blogswikis

social networkspodcasts & vodcasts

mash‐ups

Iashington 2008


Iashington 2008


SAAS (Software as a Service)

services, not software “mammoths”

Social Web

Iashington 2008


Social Web

SAAS (Software as a Service)

specific Web services, easy to be updated/replaced

Office suite Google Docs

open APIs to give access to public services available on Webe.g., Facebook, Flickr, Google, Twitter,…

Iashington 2008


Iashington 2008


Social Web

Participation

read/write Web

Iashington 2008


Social Web

Participation

collaborationcommunities

inter‐personal connectivityconnectivity between applications

Iashington 2008


Social Web

Data openness

data transformation/reusevia open formats, easy to be processed

XML (Extensible Markup Language)

Iashington 2008


Social Web

Web application ubiquityplatform independence

Iashington 2008


Social Web

Web application ubiquity

bookmarks saved on the client side (for every browser) versus bookmarks available on Web,

easy to be accessed and shared with others

Iashington 2008


Social Web

Collective intelligence

collaborative management of the content

“With enough eye balls, all bugs are shallow”Eric Raymond

Iashington 2008


Social Web

Important values

openness, transparency, respect

Creative Commons initiativereasonable, flexible copyright

Iashington 2008


Social Web

Architectures of participation

blogging blogosphere

from personal diary to corporate advertising/branding

Blogger, Wordpress, MovableType

Iashington 2008


Social Web


microblogging

short notes written via Web, mobile phoneor conventional applications

Twitter, Jaiku

Iashington 2008


Social Web

See you later!

Twitter?It’s down…

Iashington 2008


Social Web


social networks

(in)direct connections between persons versussharing of a social object: photo, video, news,…

Iashington 2008


Social WebLast.fm

BookMooch

Flickr

Hi5

Orkut

???

Iashington 2008


Social Web

Tagging

ah‐hoc user‐controlled classification of resources,shared within a community of interest

tag = simple data or metadata (data about data)attached to an object – a Web resource

Iashington 2008


Social Web

Object of interest (photo, video, book,…)

tagging

Iashington 2008


Web‐ul social

Iashington 2008


Iashington 2008


Web‐ul social

Iashington 2008


Web bookmarkingConnotea, Del.icio.usDocumentsGoogle Docs, ScribdMindmapping & diagramsBubbl.us , GliffyVideo Blip.TV, JumpCut , Vimeo

PresentationsSlideLive, SlideshareEvenimentsEventful, UpcomingProject managementBasecampTravel/tourismDopplr, TouristR

And many others…

Social Web

Iashington 2008


Social Web

“In Web we trust” (?!)

wiki applications(open) collaborative content management wikinomics

Wikipedia.org

MediaWiki, MoinMoin, XWiki, etc.

Iashington 2008


Iashington 2008


Social Web

Syndication

data regarding a given Web site is free availableto be accessed/processed via a news feedRSS (Really Simple Syndication)/Atom

Iashington 2008


Social Web

Syndication

podcasting = pod (iPod) + broadcastaudio/video stream to be played by a multimedia player

(e.g., iTunes) – accessed via a podcast feed

Iashington 2008


Social Web

Rich user interaction

RIA (Rich Internet Applications)

Web interactivity similar to the conventional interactivity

Iashington 2008


Social Web


open technologies

AJAX (Asynchronous JavaScript And XML)Flex/AIRSilverlight

Iashington 2008


Social Web


widgets = specific mini‐applications available at the level of:desktop

Web clientmobile device

Google Desktop, iPhone, KDE, Mac OS X, Vista,…

Iashington 2008


Why Web 3.0?

Sabin Buraga

Iashington 2008


Social Web

Mash‐ups

new user experience/functionality by combining content provided by multiple (independent) data sources:

RSS/Atom feeds, Web services, open APIs,…

ProgrammableWeb.com

Iashington 2008


Iashington 2008


Realities

Same old keyword‐based search

Identity abuse the need for social verification

Web applications are still rigid: each site has got its data and it is not sharing it

Iashington 2008


Realities

computers can not understand anything

Iashington 2008


RealitiesBeyond the present Web

towards the Web of data

Iashington 2008


Necessity

attaching metadata to Web resources

vocabularies describing “things”:properties, domains, persons,…

Iashington 2008


Necessity

specifying relations between resources

Iashington 2008


Necessity

managing knowledge about things

Iashington 2008


Necessity

The implicit knowledge must be explicitly specified

“java” ≡ language, island, or coffee?

Iashington 2008


Necessity

The implicit knowledge must be explicitly specified

Java is a programming languageXWiki is an application written in Java

Java is older than C#

Statements that can be figured out by (some) people…But the computers can understand them?

Iashington 2008


Iashington 2008


Solution

RDF (Resource Description Framework)

attach metadata and specify relations between resources

can use multiple syntaxes, including XML

important brick of the semantic Web

Iashington 2008


Title: In the flesh – liveArtist: Roger WatersYear: 2002Format: DVDSound: 5.1 Dolby DigitalType: concertDuration: 170 minutesSubtitles: N/ADetails: www.roger‐waters.com

English

Iashington 2008


The format of the resource denoted byhttp://www.roger‐waters.com/in‐the‐flesh is DVD

<rdf:RDF><rdf:Description

rdf:about="http://www.roger-waters.com/in-the-flesh"> <s:Format>DVD</s:Format>

</rdf:Description> </rdf:RDF>

RDF – example

Iashington 2008


Syntactic alternatives:format ("http://www.roger‐waters.com/in‐the‐flesh", "DVD")

RDF – example

Iashington 2008


isA ("#java", "#language")

basedOn ("http://www.xwiki.org/", "#java")

talksAt ("http://www.purl.org/net/busaco", "http://iashington.org/")

http://internetalchemy.org/2005/09/the‐sixteen‐faces‐of‐eve

RDF – example

Iashington 2008


Alice

John

knowsrelation

owns

hasNameproperty

pig

photo

www.flickr.com/john

hasTag

class of persons

Iashington 2008


relations between resources

FOAF (Friend Of A Friend)DOAP (Description Of A Project)

RDF

Iashington 2008


metadata embedded into resources

Adobe XMP (Extensible Metadata Platform)RDFa

microformats

RDF

Iashington 2008


Using common HTML markups to denote “semantic” constructs specifying metadata within Web pages

HTML elements (<div>, <span>) to indicate data and structureCSS “classes” to describe specific data

www.microformats.org

Microformats

Iashington 2008


Specifying information about a person via hCard

Microformats

Iashington 2008


Data can be easily processed without additional effort and/or by using an alternative format provided by the application

Examples:Flickr, Last.fm, Revyu, Upcoming, WordPress, Yahoo! Tech,…

Experiment:create mash‐ups via Operator extension for Firefox

Microformats

Iashington 2008


existing data can be interconnected for further uses

Web of Data – Web 3.0

Iashington 2008


Knowledge about resources can be sharedwithin a given community of practice

structuring information conform to different points of view

AAA – Anyone can say Anything about Any topic


Iashington 2008


Ontologies

expressed by standardized languagesOWL (Web Ontology Language)


Iashington 2008


Class (participant intersectionOf (student young person))Class (participantintersectionOf (restriction (hasPet allValuesFrom (penguin))restriction (hasPet someValuesFrom (animal))))


Every participant must have at least one penguin – because her/his has a pet and all pets must be penguins

Iashington 2008


ObjectProperty (hasPet domain (person) range (animal))Individual (Alice type (young) type (student)

value (hasPet Tux))


Alice must be a person – owners of pets are persons –and she is a participant

Tux must be a penguin (all pets of participants are penguins)

Iashington 2008


Using these statements, Web applications can reason

the need of specifying rules

if P is a participant, then P is paying attentionsome participants are intelligent


Iashington 2008


“Intelligent” query of Wikipedia: DBpedia, Powerset

Semantic Web search engines: Hakia, Yahoo! SearchMonkey

Semantic social networks: GroupMe!, Twine

Semantic Web browsing: Magpie, PowerMagpie

Assuring portability: DataPortability initiative

Applications

Iashington 2008

Dr. Sabin‐Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busacoSemantic mash‐ups via data repositories: Linked Data

Iashington 2008


Sweet Tools – Comprehensive Listing of Semantic Web and Related Tools

www.mkbergman.com/?page_id=325

Iashington 2008


Iashington 2008


D. Allemang, J. Hendler, Semantic Webfor the Working Ontologist, Morgan Kaufmann, 2008

G. Antoniou, F. van Harmelen, A Semantic Web Primer(2nd Edition), MIT Press, 2008

Nodalities – The Magazine of Semantic Web: www.talis.com/nodalities

World Wide Web Consortium: www.w3.org

Resources

Iashington 2008


Why Web 3.0?

from the classical Web to social Weband the Web of data – “Web 3.0”

Iashington 2008


Iashington 2008


Questions?

why web 3.0?

Business