will and skill: aligning educational initiatives with the texas labor market labor market &...

Will and Skill: Aligning Educational Initiatives with the Texas Labor Market

Labor Market & Career Information (LMCI)Texas Workforce Commission

richard.froeschle@twc.state.tx.us

(512) 936-3105

Themes of the day

• The Texas and most regional economies are stronger than the U.S., but Texas is subject to the same global macroeconomic forces as other parts of the U.S.

• Globalization is influencing job creation; type and number• Demographic shifts are changing the face of the Texas labor

market – where we live, what we look like• Nobody lives in Texas: every region is a different economy• Recent Texas job growth has been largely fueled by: Population

growth, the Oil & gas cluster and Professional Technical Services• Occupational demand is more bifurcated. Skill sets over job titles• The current alignment between labor market demand and

education outputs is less than perfect• In the end, getting a job is all about balancing Will and Skill

Harry Truman is purported to have said,

All my economists say, “on the one, or on the other hand”

…what I really need is a one-

handed economist

GrowthRecession

U.S Jobs Recovery from the Great Recession

The Macroeconomy: Headwinds & Tailwinds

• Rising healthcare costs, federal fiscal uncertainties, low confidence in our federal politicians

• Slow global demand, slow U.S. economy, Japanese & European recession, slower Chinese GDP growth

• Structural employment changes slow worker uptake

• Slow but consistent economic and job growth• The Wealth Effect is driving consumer confidence • Pent up demand: Delayed TX household formation• Pent up finances: A) Cheap money, B) Excess bank

reserves, corporate cash, consumers hoard cash

Awash in Liquidity: Money on the Sidelines

Corporate profits

Excess Bank Reserves

M1Cash

Emerging Patterns in Quits and Layoffs (Feb 2013)

Practices affecting job growth and worker preparation

1. Money economy are labor market are decoupling Who’s making money vs. Who’s creating jobs?

2. Technological obsolescence & Labor substitution Technology replacing both workers or specific skills

3. Emergence of new & blended occupationsNew “hybrid” jobs that combine work activities from 2 or more traditional occupations into a single “new” job

4. Work Activity Off-loading - passing off lower value-added work to assistants/technicians. See Paralegals, Physicians Assistants, Physical Therapy Assistants

5. Occupational crowding Higher skilled workers taking lower skilled jobs, thus displacing lower skilled workers altogether

Does the Global Economic Slowdown Matter? Percent of 2011 Revenue Outside U.S.

YUM Brands 70%Wal-Mart 26%IBM 64%Boeing 41%Intel 84%General Electric 54%Bank of America 20%Ford 51%Dow Chemical 67%Microsoft 46%

Apple Inc. 61%JNJ 56%Caterpillar 64%Dell 48%ExxonMobil 45%McDonalds 66%Amazon 45%General Motors 46%Nike 50% Hewlett Packard 65%

Texas Labor Market:1. Who we are?2. Where do we live?3. What’s the market like? 4. Where is the growth? 5. Where are we going?6. What is the role of education?

Change of the Total Population by County, 2000 to 2010

13Source: Texas State Data Center

Legend

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'PROJECTIONS X$'.totpopch0010

-3,200 - 0

1 - 10,000

10,001 - 50,000

50,001 - 100,000

100,001 - 700,000

79 counties lost population over

the decade

Texas becomes more Hispanic

Tough Competition: Generational Employment in Texas 2000 - 2010

How many Millenials does it take to screw in a light bulb?

1. One to the instructions2. One to post the instructions on the wall

of their page3. One to post the video of their

work showing collaborationOne Baby Boomer to tell them what a terrific, wonderful, spectacular job they

did with the light bulb

Texas Labor Market Review Newsletter

Texas MSA April 2013 Urates (actual)MSA 2013 MSA 2013

Midland 3.0 Houston-Sugar Land 5.9 Odessa 3.7 D/FW-Arlington CSA 6.0 Amarillo 4.4 Texas 6.1 Abilene 4.8 Tyler 6.2 Lubbock 4.8 Laredo 6.6 College Station-Bryan 5.0 Sherman-Denison 6.7 San Angelo 5.0 Texarkana 6.7 Victoria 5.1 Killeen-Temple 6.9Austin-Round Rock 5.1 United States 7.1 Longview 5.4 El Paso 8.7Corpus Christi 5.7 Beaumont-Pt Arthur 9.8Wichita Falls 5.7 Brville-Harlingen 9.9Waco 5.8 McAllen-Edinburg 10.5San Antonio 5.9

Texas Industry Growth April 2012-13 YOY (SA)

NAICS Industry April 2013 April 2012 ABS CHG PER CHG

Total Nonagricultural11,146,000

10,819,900

326,100 3.0% Goods Producing 1,771,400 1,709,900 61,500 3.6% Service Providing 9,374,600 9,110,000 264,600 2.9% Prof. & Business Services 1,458,700 1,396,700 62,000 4.4% Trade, Trans. & Utilities 2,224,500 2,166,100 58,400 2.7% Leisure & Hospitality 1,130,000 1,073,400 56,600 5.3% Construction 622,000 580,500 41,500 7.1% Educ. & Health Services 1,495,300 1,454,000 41,300 2.8% Government 1,808,600 1,789,300 19,300 1.1% Mining and Logging 283,800 267,000 16,800 6.3% Financial Activities 669,300 655,900 13,400 2.0% Other Services 389,400 377,600 11,800 3.1% Manufacturing 865,600 862,400 3,200 0.4% Information 198,800 197,000 1,800 0.9%

Job Growth 50 State ComparisonStates with Job Gains Feb 2012 Feb 2013 ANN CHG PER CHGTexas 10,759.3 11,119.1 359,800 3.3%California 14,276.6 14,570.4 293,800 2.1%Florida 7,351.6 7,479.7 128,100 1.7%New York 8,776.8 8,864.9 88,100 1.0%North Carolina 3,968.4 4,049.7 81,300 2.0%Georgia 3,930.9 4,000.7 69,800 1.8%Washington 2,845.5 2,913.5 68,000 2.4%Illinois 5,725.6 5,789.9 64,300 1.1%Colorado 2,290.1 2,352.9 62,800 2.7%Minnesota 2,717.4 2,779.9 62,500 2.3%Tennessee 2,700.2 2,758.6 58,400 2.2%Massachusetts 3,260.9 3,318.5 57,600 1.8%New Jersey 3,886.4 3,942.9 56,500 1.5%Total All States (thou) 133,103 135,240 2,136,500 1.6%

Texas Industry Employment Change 2010-12Industry QTR4/2012 Abs CHG AWW

Food Services and Drinking Places 876,695 73,669 $325Administrative and Support Services 689,234 62,889 $761Professional and Technical Services 638,485 58,902 $1,811Support Activities for Mining 168,032 46,542 $1,772Ambulatory Health Care Services 642,109 42,635 $1,013Merchant Wholesalers, Durable Goods 311,347 27,763 $1,538Fabricated Metal Product Manufacturing 135,383 20,300 $1,223Truck Transportation 128,911 18,858 $984Heavy and Civil Engineering Construction 162,045 18,031 $1,216Machinery Manufacturing 104,560 16,488 $1,727Oil and Gas Extraction 99,445 16,163 $3,693Credit Intermediation & Related Activity 255,977 15,448 $1,202Clothing and Clothing Accessories Stores 138,566 14,729 $347Hospitals 419,405 14,011 $1,083Motor Vehicle and Parts Dealers 156,447 13,646 $1,034

Professional, Scientific & Technical Services in Texas 2010-2012

NAICS Industry 2010 2012 ABS CHG541 Professional and Technical Services 568,028 620,449 58,902

5415 Computer Systems Design Services 100,219 121,309 21,0905416 Management & Tech Consulting Svc 83,962 98,599 14,6375413 Architectural & Engineering Services 137,024 146,711 9,6875412 Accounting & Bookkeeping Services 65,546 69,975 4,4295411 Legal Services 78,151 80,252 2,1015419 Other Professional & Tech Services 47,738 49,102 1,3645414 Specialized Design Services 7,095 7,762 6675418 Advertising & Public Relations Srvcs 24,000 23,650 -3505417 Scientific Research & Develop Srvcs 24,290 23,090 -1,200

Estimated Occupational Staffing Pattern for Professional & Technical Services

Occupation % Education PreferredAccountants and Auditors 5.2 Bachelor's degree

Office Clerks, General 3.9 Short-term OJT

Lawyers 3.5 First professional

Secretaries, Ex. Legal/Medical 3.3 Moderate OJT

Computer Software Engineers, Apps 2.8 Bachelor's degree

Computer Systems Analysts 2.8 Bachelor's degree

Bookkeeping, Accounting & Audit Clerks 2.8 Moderate OJT

Computer Support Specialists 2.5 Associate degree

Civil Engineers 2.4 Bachelor's degree

Paralegals and Legal Assistants 2.4 Associate degree

Management Analysts 2.3 Bachelor's plus exp

Computer Software Engineers, Systems 2.1 Bachelor's degree

Executive Secretaries & Admin Assists 2.1 Related work experience

Legal Secretaries 2.1 Associate degree

Computer Programmers 2.0 Bachelor's degree

Where the Texas Job Postings Are Now

Metro Area Postings Metro Area PostingsDallas-Fort Worth 235,229 Tyler 7,437Houston-Sugar Land 189,721 Amarillo 6,941Austin-Round Rock 80,775 College Station-Bryan 6,671San Antonio 59,147 Odessa 6,434El Paso 14,775 Beaumont-Pt. Arthur 6,363Corpus Christi 13,814 Midland 4,950McAllen-Edinburg 9,593 Brownsville-Harlingen 4,617Lubbock 9,539 Abilene 4,416Killeen-Temple 8,200 Longview 4,203Waco 7,759 Laredo 3,869

Source: Wanted Analytics for 90 day period from May 17, 2013NOTE: 74% of all job postings in Big 4 metro areas

Help Wanted Job Listings for Texas May 2013Job Type Postings Preferred training/education

1. Registered Nurse 33,105 Associate’s degree

2. Truck Driver , tractor trailer 23,583 Short term OJT

3. Retail Salesperson 16,703 Short term OJT

4. Manager of Retail Workers 15,337 Related Work Experience

5. Customer Service Rep 14,719 Moderate OJT

6. Computer Systems Analyst 13,013 Bachelor’s degree

7. Manager of Food Prep Workers 12,980 Related Work Experience

8. Network Administrator 12,014 Bachelor’s degree

9. Manager, Office Workers 11,600 Related Work Experience

10. Application Developer 11,553 Bachelor’s degree

11. Computer Support Specialist 11,290 Associate’s degree

12. Web Developer 11,124 Associate’s degree

13. Non-tech Sales Rep, WH & Man 10,991 Related Work Experience

14. Maintenance / Repair Worker 10,295 Moderate OJTSource: Wanted Analytics for 90 day period from May 17, 2013NOTE: Arrows indicate occupation with greater or less than 5% change in last year

Help Wanted Job Listings for San Antonio MSAJob Type Openings Preferred training/education

1. Registered Nurse 2,571 Associate’s degree

2. Truck Driver (heavy/tractor trailer) 1,777 Short On The Job training

3. Retail Salesperson 1,377 Short On The Job training

4. Customer Service Rep 1,366 Moderate On Job Training

5. Manager of Retail Workers 1,136 Related Work Experience

6. Manager of Food Prep Workers 1,061 Related Work Experience

7. Manager of Office/Admin Staff 952 Related Work Experience8. Network/Computer Systems Admin 918 Bachelor’s degree

9. Medical/Health Services Manager 893 Bachelor’s degree

10. Computer User Support Specialist 862 Associate’s degree

11. Maintenance / Repair Worker 821 Moderate On Job Training

12. Maid / Housekeeper 739 Short Term On Job TrainingSource: Wanted Analytics for 90 day period from June 17, 2012

Help Wanted Job Listings for Austin MSA (last 90 days)

Occupation Apr ‘13 Apr ‘12 Usual Education

1. Software Developers, Applications 3,013 2,087 Bachelor’s

2. Registered Nurses 2,873 1,761 Assoc/Bachelors

3. Web Developers 2,018 1,955 Assoc/Bachelors

4. Network Systems Administrators 1,789 1,814 Bachelor’s

5. Retail Salespersons 1,667 1,262 Short OJT

6. Customer Service Representatives 1,617 1,422 Moderate OJT

7. Computer Systems Analysts 1,445 1,238 Bachelor’s

8. Computer User Support Specialists 1,424 1,232 Associate’s

9. Supervisors, Retail Sales 1,370 985 Work experience

10. Supervisors, Food Prep 1,168 1,126 Work experience

11. Marketing Managers 1,148 1,105 Bachelor’s plus WE

12. Supervisors, Admin/Office Support 1,119 906 Work experience

13. Truck Drivers, Heavy 1,054 831 Short OJT w/CDL

14. IT Project Managers 993 808 Associate’s

15. Software QA Engineers/Testers 963 743 Bachelor’s

Achieve Texas Cluster Employment (sorted by wages)

Cluster Name PCT 2010-20 Wage 2011 AA OpeningsSTEM 19.1% $90,361 10,015Information Technology 22.3% $80,942 11,405Business & Management 16.3% $56,796 52,955Health Science 30.8% $55,853 42,305Government 15.8% $53,254 5,885Finance 17.7% $53,036 12,995Law & Public Safety 21.7% $50,703 15,895Arts, A/V & Communications 13.4% $48,199 4,955

Education and Training 32.9% $47,387 43,475Architecture and Construction 18.4% $40,164 36,430Agriculture & Natural Resources 8.4% $39,774 27,480Marketing, Sales and Service 17.8% $39,236 57,355Manufacturing 15.6% $38,653 25,855Transportation & Logistics 16.5% $34,725 36,270Human Services 25.6% $29,057 28,710Hospitality and Tourism 22.9% $21,127 87,565

Texas Most Annual Average Job Openings 2010-20

31

Annual Average Wage 2011

$24,165

$19,155

$19,069

$18,188

$51,847

$28,671

$30,387

$67,581

$19,052

$24,316

Projected Fastest Growing Occupations in Texas 2010-20Occupational Title Per CHG

2010-20Annual

OpeningsFormal Education

Required

Diagnostic Medical Sonographers 52.0% 240 Associate'sDerrick Operators, Oil and Gas 51.0% 515 HS or GEDHome Health Aides 50.4% 5,220 Less than HSPersonal Care Aides 49.4% 7,675 Less than HSService Unit Operators, Oil & Gas 48.1% 1,235 HS or GEDSpecial Education Teachers, MS 45.1% 460 Bachelor's degreeRotary Drill Operators, Oil and Gas 44.4% 470 HS or GEDRoustabouts, Oil and Gas 43.7% 1,155 Less than HSMedical Secretaries 43.2% 3,380 HS or GEDHelpers--Extraction Workers 42.6% 455 HS or GEDMedical Scientists 42.3% 240 PhD/prof. degreeInterpreters and Translators 42.2% 360 Bachelor's degreeMiddle School Teachers, Ex. CTE 41.1% 5,075 Bachelor's degreeElementary School Teachers 40.8% 10,430 Bachelor's degreeMarket Research Analysts 40.5% 1,200 Bachelor's degreeCardiovascular Technicians 40.5% 180 Associate's Industrial Machinery Mechanics 40.2% 1,840 HS or GEDPhysical Therapist Assistants 40.0% 255 Associate's

What is IT? Is this IT?

What is the IT labor market? Can it be defined as an industry? Can it be defined by occupation? Can it be defined by college major? Is IT a ubiquitous operation or a cross- domain function? Should it be defined by skill set?

Disruptive Technology What it is, why do I care?

Advanced Oil & Gas Exploration Hydraulic fracking, creates $4 trillion in new oil & gas

Renewable Energy Wind & solar, new energy sources & declining prices

Advanced Materials Nano particles

3-D Printing Make plastic products with ink-jet printing techniques

Energy Storage Batteries & capacitors

Next Generation Genomics DNA sequencing, gene mapping

Autonomous Cars Robot cars, sensors in roads

Cloud Technology Server farms serving 2.7 billion Internet users

Internet of Things Web linking devices, HIT

Automation of Knowledge Work Work activity displacement, all occupations

Mobile Internet Smart phone interconnections, 24/7 workers

Source: McKinsey Global Institute

The Argument for Skills over Occupational Titles: Job Titles That Didn’t Exist Just 5 Years Ago

Job Title Job Title 1. Videogame Tester 11. Cyber Security Specialist 2. Market Researcher Data Miner 12. Product Blogger

3. Bioinformatics Specialist 13. Social Media Manager

4. Healthcare Applications Analyst 14. Cyborg Anthropologist

5. Big Data Integration Engineer 15. Usability Engineer

6. Chief Listening Officer 16. Chief Sustainability Officer

7. Cloud Computing Operations Manager 17. User Experience Designer

8. E-commerce specialist 18. Mobile App Developer

9. Search Engine Optimization Manager 19. Online Reputation Manager

10. Behavioral Analytics Specialist 20. Programmer IVSource: O*NET & Monster.com

Returns to Education & Educational Requirements

Labor Market Reality

More education, better labor market outcomes

Reality is Relative2011 Charles Schwab Teens & Money Survey

Poll of Americans ages 13-18

Source: Charles Schwab and Boys & Girls Club of America survey conducted with Harris Interactive

U.S. teenagers were asked:1.What is your average expected starting salary? 2.What will be your salary once established in a career?

Reality is Relative2011 Charles Schwab Teens & Money Survey

Poll of Americans ages 13-18

Source: Charles Schwab and Boys & Girls Club of America survey conducted with Harris Interactive

For real fun, check out: http://www.lmci.state.tx.us/realitycheck/

Starting your career: Average answer:

$73,000 a year

Boys answered: $79,700 a year Girls answered: $66,200 a year

Reality is Relative2011 Charles Schwab Teens & Money Survey

Poll of Americans ages 13-18

Source: Charles Schwab and Boys & Girls Club of America survey conducted with Harris Interactive

For real fun, check out: http://www.lmci.state.tx.us/realitycheck/

Established in your career: Average answer:

$150,000 a year

Boys answered: $162,300 a year Girls answered: $126,500 a year

Welcome to Reality Check 2011! http://www.texasrealitycheck.com

Texas Reality Check for iPhone…. for free! Now at the Apple App Store

www.TexasCARESOnline.com

Career Interests of Texas students 20121. Sports Athlete (#4) 14. Architect (#11)

2. Doctor (#6) 15. Police Officer (#7)

3. Multi-Media Artist (new) 16. Psychologist (#15)

4. Truck Driver (new) 17. Welder (new)

5. Forensic Science Tech (#10) 18. Pediatrician (#18)

6. Veterinarian (#5) 19. Artist (#30)

7. Lawyer (#2) 20. Physical Therapist (#16)

8. Registered Nurse (#3) 21. Hairdresser/Cosmetologist (#12)

9. Actor (#9) 22. CEO (#35)

10. Musician/Singer (#14) 23. Fashion Designer (#24)

11. Graphic Designer (new) 24. Zoologist (#19)

12. Teacher (K-12) (#1) 25. Computer Programmer (#20)

13. Auto Mechanic (#13) *From 8,739 Texas students contacting LMCI Hotline in 2012*(Number) represents position of career in 2007

Highest Earning College Programs 2011 Detail ViewBachelor’s Degree Graduate Major (TX) (50+) Grads Earnings

Petroleum Engineering 315 $84,298Chemical Engineering 402 $67,303Ocean Engineering 63 $61,213Mechanical Engineering 1,285 $57,200Registered Nursing, Nursing Administration 5,590 $56,921Mechanical Engineering Technicians 116 $54,165Industrial Engineering 266 $52,468Electrical, Electronics & Telecomm Engineering 991 $51,796Industrial Production Technologies/Technicians 239 $51,645Sales, Merchandising & Marketing Operations 253 $51,342Electrical Engineering Technologies/Technicians 165 $50,596Computer Engineering 227 $48,017Construction Engineering Technologies 344 $47,381Allied Health Diagnostic & Treatment Professions 337 $47,330Civil Engineering 734 $47,256

Lowest Earning College Programs 2011 Detail ViewBachelor’s Degree Graduate Major (TX) Grads Earnings

Pastoral Counseling and Specialized Ministries 61 $13,383Health/Medical Preparatory Programs 107 $16,949Drama/Theatre Arts and Stagecraft 540 $18,555Visual and Performing Arts, General 108 $18,854Religious Education 151 $19,071Rehabilitation and Therapeutic Professions 207 $19,738Film/Video and Photographic Arts 131 $19,817Anthropology 488 $20,492Dance 131 $20,548Zoology/Animal Biology 81 $20,914Fine and Studio Arts 1,433 $21,024Microbiological Sciences and Immunology 139 $21,398Foods, Nutrition, and Related Services 488 $21,722Ecology, Evolution & Population Biology 109 $21,788Psychology, General 5,345 $21,800

Math = Money

The more math you take the more money you can make.

Trends in U.S. Bachelor’s Degrees Awarded

Highest Earning Associate’s Degree Programs 2011Associate’s Degree Graduate Major (TX) Grads Earnings

Fire Protection 177 $61,280Nuclear and Industrial Radiologic Technicians 23 $57,564Physical Science Technologies/Technicians 474 $52,724Quality Control and Safety Technicians 152 $50,872Registered Nursing & Nursing Administration 5,822 $49,160Electrical and Power Transmission Installers 32 $48,692Mining and Petroleum Technologies/Technicians 32 $45,644Electromechanical and Instrumentation Techs 541 $44,968Industrial Equipment Maintenance Technologies 19 $44,968Electrical/Electronics Maintenance Technology 71 $43,044Industrial Production Technologies/Technicians 119 $41,700Precision Metal Working 176 $41,676Geography and Cartography 35 $37,876Mechanical Engineering Technicians 26 $37,148Dental Support Services and Allied Professions 319 $37,144

Structural Mismatch: 2011 Graduates Grads EarningsMulti-/Interdisciplinary Studies, Other 9,810 $30,112Business Admin, Management & Operations 6,911 $41,216Registered Nursing, Nursing Administration 5,590 $56,920Psychology, General 5,345 $21,800Biology, General 4,496 $21,812Health and Physical Education/Fitness 3,719 $23,068Accounting and Related Services 3,272 $35,356Finance and Financial Management Services 2,915 $37,868Criminal Justice and Corrections 2,864 $25,624No CIP Code submitted (Private Colleges) 2,778 $29,972Marketing 2,677 $32,080Liberal Arts and Sciences, Humanities 2,615 $33,924English Language and Literature, General 2,309 $23,048History 2,278 $23,568Political Science and Government 2,065 $25,268

Texas Educational Equilibrium 2011

TX 2011 University degree grads by award: 107,545 Bachelor’s 52,118 Graduate degrees

159,663 Total Grads

Ann AVG openings for jobs requiring Bachelor’s degree or higher: 100,375

Openings in Teaching/Education: 43,260Openings requiring Grad degree: 18,735

TX 2011 Associate’s degree graduates: 58,609 Total grads Less 23,797 General Studies

34,812 Technical grads

Ann AVG openings for jobs requiring a Associate’s or Postsecondary Award: 46,125

Openings for Registered Nurse: 9,460

Regional employers say they want…1. Good communications skills: Can you….. Explain what you’re doing (to co-worker or customer)? Explain what you need (from a co-worker or customer)? Ability to listen to instructions?

2. Technical knowledge (degrees needed for half of all job openings)

4. Can you work with people who are of a different age, race, gender and education level than you?

5. Can-do attitude / pleasant attitude (workers who are “engaged” in their work)

6. Critical thinking skills (if given a sequence of events, can you determine what will probably happen next)

WillWorkplace Skills

Skills Distill

WillWorkplace Skills

SkillsStrong academics

High School diploma Post secondary schoolingAppropriate technical skills

Distill

“We need workers who have a minimum of two years of college. They do not have to have a degree. Two years of college now is like how we needed workers to have at least a high school diploma in the past. It’s because computers are involved in every job today so technical skills and the ability to learn technical skills is more important. It’s simply because of productivity. To get the productivity a company needs to make a profit, the company needs workers who can learn those technical skills.”

Red McCombs, San Antonio businessman

WillWorkplace Basic Skills

Communication skills Getting along with others

Critical thinking

Skills Distill

“There’s not one specific thing or skill people have to have to work for us. But I can tell you why we fire people: soft skills. We hire for hard skills. We fire for soft skills. The ability to interact and communicate with others or behave ethically and take responsibility for things tends to be where people tend to break down.”

Rick Stephens, senior vice president of HR, The Boeing Corporation

WillWorkplace Skills

SkillsDistill

A new 401(K) world Informal learning

Continuing education The Climbing Wall

The Climbing Wall concept of Career

Development:

Everyone is trying to get to the top, but finds themselves at

a different place, moving at a

different pace and with a unique

support system

Will Willing to take a job: At lower level, lesser wage In a different locale Show flexibility & initiative

Workplace Skills

Skills Distill

Maybe Midland wasn’t your first choice, but…..First Year Post-graduate earnings Masters in Accounting

Will Willing to take a job: At lower level, lesser wage In a different locale Show flexibility & initiative

Workplace SkillsWorkplace Basics!

Communication skills Getting along with others

Critical thinking

Skills Strong academics

High School diploma Post secondary schoolingAppropriate technical skills

Distill On the Job Training Informal learning

Continuing educationCareer Lattice

There is much more story to tell, but this version is over

Thank you!richard.froeschle@twc.state.tx.us