william the conqueror (1066-1087) - nyíregyházi …...william wallace -1297 braveheart (movie)...

William the Conqueror (1066-1087)

The system of feudalism

Serfs ( jobbágyok)Homage (hűbéreskü)To pay / do homageVassals (hűbéresek, vazallusok)

1086 – Domesday Book

John Lackland (1199-1216)

O Magna Carta - 1215It was signed at Runnymede.

The struggle between Church and State

O Henry II (1154 – 1189)

O Thomas Becket –was murdered in CanterburyCathedral in 1170

Simon de Montfort

O 1258 – a council of nobles was elected and called PARLIAMENT (=discussion meeting in French)

O Edward I – House of Commons

Edward I (1272-1307)

O WalesO 1284 – Edward united west Wales with England

O 1301 - At a public ceremony at CAERNARFON Edward made his own baby son Prince of Wales

Edward I (1272-1307)Government

O kings were crowned in WestminsterO treasury in Winchester

O administration also moved to Westminster

Edward ILaw and justice

O Henry I – the ‘king’s peace’

O Common law

O rest of Europe: Civil Law of the Roman Empire and Canon Law of the Church

Robin Hood

Edward I, the Hammer of the Scots

O 1290 – crisis over succession to the Scottish throne

- 13 heirs: John de Balliol and Robert Bruce

- Scottish nobles invited Edward I to settle the matter

Stone of Destiny

O Coronation Chair, Westminster Abbey

William Wallace - 1297

Braveheart (movie)

Robert Bruce

Robert Bruce1314 – Bannockburn near StirlingScotland looked for an ally: FranceThe Auld Alliance

France vs England

O France had lots of troubles with rebellious vassals, especially the Duke of Burgundy and the Duke of Aquitaine (=King of England)

O 1324 – the French king seized port of Gascogny

O Burgundy – its province: Flanders

The Hundred Years’ War 1337-1453

O 1356 Poitiers – French king was taken prisoner

England controlled Acquitaine, Normandy, Brittany, Calais

O The King of Scots attacked England1346

O end: England lost all its possessions in France except for Calais

Edward III (1327-1377)

O The age of chivalryO The perfect knight:- fought for his good name- served God and king- defended any lady in need

Black Death 1348-9

O A terrible plagueO 1/3 of the population of Britain died