windows file systems
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Windows File Systems
CGS2564
Who Cares?
C:\Documents\Taxes\Tax04.DOC
Formatting a Disk
Organizes tracks and sectors Sets up data structures on first track
Boot sector Root directory File allocation table (2)
Performs surface scan Checks for bad sectors
Disk Data Structures
Boot Sector
Information about the disk itselfOS name and version number.
Bytes per sector.
Sectors per cluster in the data area.
Number of reserved sectors.
Max. number of entries in the root directory.
Total number of sectors.
Media description (is this a hard disk?).
Number of sectors per FAT
Number of sectors per track.
Number of disk read heads.
Number of hidden sectors.
BOOT-strap program routine, which starts the operating system.
Disk Directory
A database of what is on the disk
File Allocation Table
A table of where files are located
Units on a Disk
Sector – the smallest unit of data storage 512 bytes (½ K)
“Allocation Unit” or “Cluster” The actual minimum space allotted to a file One or more sectors
Operating System File System(s)
DOS FAT16
Windows 95/98 FAT16, FAT32
Windows NT FAT16, NTFS
Windows 2000/XP FAT16, FAT32, NTFS
File Systems
FAT 16
Inefficient storage on large disks Size of FAT is fixed (216 entries) As disk capacity increases cluster size increases
Maximum disk size = 2 GB
FAT 32
More efficient storage on large disks Increased FAT size (232 entries) So cluster size can be decreased
Maximum disk size = 32 GB
NTFS
Uses Master File Table system (MFT) Even more efficient use of disk space Support for larger disk sizes
Windows File Protection feature (WFP) Prevents alteration or deletion of critical system files
Extended file attributes File permissions
But Not accessible by other file systems
NTFS Cluster Size
Volume Size FAT16 Cluster Size FAT32 Cluster Size NTFS Cluster Size
33MB – 64MB 1KB 512 bytes 512 bytes
65MB – 128MB 2KB 1KB 512 bytes
129MB – 256MB 4KB 2KB 512 bytes
257MB – 512MB 8KB 4KB 512 bytes
513MB – 1GB 16KB 4KB 1KB
1GB – 2GB 32KB 4KB 2KB
2GB – 4GB 64KB 4KB 4KB
4GB – 8GB Not supported 4KB 4KB
8GB – 16GB Not supported 8KB 4KB
16GB – 32GB Not supported 16KB 4KB
File Systems and Cluster Size
Slack Space
Wasted space not used by a file
Comparison of Cluster Usage
File Attributes
Archive Indicates if file has changed Used by backup programs
Read-only Protect file from being overwritten
Hidden Hide file from view
Additional NTFS Attributes Compress Encrypt Index
Filenames
Pre Windows 95 8 characters max No spaces
VFAT - Windows 95/98MFT – Windows 2000 Support for long filenames and spaces Stores two different filenames for each file
For backward compatibility
Long Filenames
Aliases
MS-DOS filenames for long filenames
File Path
Drive:\Directory\Subdirectory\Filename.ext
C:
Program Files My Documents WINNT
Assignments Projects
Assign03.doc
C:\My Documents\Assignments\Assign03.doc
Types of Files
User Data Files Created by user in application
Types of Files
Program Files Make up application itself
Types of Files
Executable files Actually “run” the program Extensions
.exe .com .bat
File Association
Or “Registered” File type Association between
A file extension
and
A file type
Then between
That file type
and
A program’s executable file
File Association
Extension Executable FileFile Type
.DOC WINWORD.EXEMICROSOFT WORD DOCUMENT
.BMP MSPAINT.EXEBITMAP IMAGE
.TXT NOTEPAD.EXETEXT DOCUMENT
Types of Files
Binary files Contain program instructions, document
information, formatting codes, etc. User data and program files
Pure text or “ASCII” files Contain only standard text characters User data and program files
How to tell? View in Notepad
Pure Text File
Binary File
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