Deploying Deploying Windows File Servers, Windows File Servers, Windows-Powered NAS, Windows-Powered NAS, And Distributed And Distributed File SystemsFile SystemsDavid GoldsDavid GoldsGroup Program ManagerGroup Program ManagerMicrosoft CorporationMicrosoft Corporation

Deployment MotivationDeployment Motivation

What do you have today?What do you have today? Probably a lot of Windows NT 4.0 file serversProbably a lot of Windows NT 4.0 file servers

Where do you want to go?Where do you want to go? Lower TCOLower TCO

Consolidation, high utilization, …Consolidation, high utilization, …

Higher availabilityHigher availability Recoverability, re-allocation, …Recoverability, re-allocation, …

How to get there?How to get there? The maps – documentation and resourcesThe maps – documentation and resources Avoiding ‘bumps in the road’Avoiding ‘bumps in the road’

Goals For Your File ServiceGoals For Your File Service

1.1. File server consolidationFile server consolidation2.2. Flexible storage re-allocationFlexible storage re-allocation3.3. AvailabilityAvailability4.4. Data recoveryData recovery5.5. File server securityFile server security6.6. Maintaining performanceMaintaining performance Valuable new Resource Kit documentValuable new Resource Kit document

““Designing and Deploying File Servers” guideDesigning and Deploying File Servers” guide

1. File Server Consolidation1. File Server Consolidation

Windows 2000 is a great consolidated file serverWindows 2000 is a great consolidated file server Customer example (clustered file server)Customer example (clustered file server)

Each node has 4 x 700Mhz CPUs, 4GB RAMEach node has 4 x 700Mhz CPUs, 4GB RAM Each node has 11 x 170GB volumesEach node has 11 x 170GB volumes AntiVirus softwareAntiVirus software ~3000 active users per node, ‘no perf issues’~3000 active users per node, ‘no perf issues’

Tuned per Q312362 to avoid ‘2020’ event messagesTuned per Q312362 to avoid ‘2020’ event messages

Customer example (non-clustered)Customer example (non-clustered) ““Great reliability, so no need to cluster”Great reliability, so no need to cluster” 0.5 GB RAM* 0.5 GB RAM*

Note – 4GB would be better: (a) file cache, (b) CHKDSKNote – 4GB would be better: (a) file cache, (b) CHKDSK 1TB of disk1TB of disk Third-party quota productThird-party quota product ~1500 active users~1500 active users

File Server ConsolidationFile Server Consolidation

Windows Server 2003 even betterWindows Server 2003 even better SAN friendly: Manual volume mounting SAN friendly: Manual volume mounting

for SANs for SANs StorPort: Enhanced SAN performanceStorPort: Enhanced SAN performance Multipath IO (MPIO) for SANMultipath IO (MPIO) for SAN IA64 great for file serversIA64 great for file servers

IA64 gives huge virtual address spaceIA64 gives huge virtual address space File cachingFile caching Huge ‘paged pool’ areaHuge ‘paged pool’ area

2. Flexible Storage Allocation2. Flexible Storage Allocation

Use DFS to provide a ‘file service abstraction’Use DFS to provide a ‘file service abstraction’ Provide users with long-lived logical file pathsProvide users with long-lived logical file paths Administrators free to change servers/storageAdministrators free to change servers/storage Sometimes known as “NAS virtualization”Sometimes known as “NAS virtualization”

Online storage growthOnline storage growth Dynamic disksDynamic disks – using the diskmgmt.msc snap-in – using the diskmgmt.msc snap-in Basic disksBasic disks – using diskpart.exe – using diskpart.exe VDS – In Windows Server 2003VDS – In Windows Server 2003

Common api/cmd for managing RAID/storage virtualizationCommon api/cmd for managing RAID/storage virtualization

Volume Mount-pointsVolume Mount-points Mount a volume into an NTFS folderMount a volume into an NTFS folder Now supported in Windows Server 2003 clustersNow supported in Windows Server 2003 clusters

3. Availability3. Availability

Different techniques for a highly available file serviceDifferent techniques for a highly available file service1.1. ClusteringClustering

2.2. DFS with FRS file replication,DFS with FRS file replication,

3.3. DFS + Storage on a SAN – reallocate to another server in DFS + Storage on a SAN – reallocate to another server in case of failurecase of failure

Need to consider ways to make data highly availableNeed to consider ways to make data highly available Multiple NICsMultiple NICs For SAN, Multiple paths from file server to disks For SAN, Multiple paths from file server to disks

(MPIO: multiple independent fiber channel paths)(MPIO: multiple independent fiber channel paths) Different RAID levelsDifferent RAID levels Online volume growth, backupOnline volume growth, backup

See next slideSee next slide

Availability: ISV Driver QualityAvailability: ISV Driver Quality

You run anti-virus, quota, replication products?You run anti-virus, quota, replication products? These use ‘file system filter drivers’These use ‘file system filter drivers’ These are complex drivers – how to ensure quality?These are complex drivers – how to ensure quality?

Answer: Microsoft Plugfests, better dev kits, Answer: Microsoft Plugfests, better dev kits, logo testslogo tests Plugfests: Quarterly week-long ISV workshops in Redmond Plugfests: Quarterly week-long ISV workshops in Redmond

8 weeks of events held since mid-19998 weeks of events held since mid-1999 Focus on robustness, performance, transparencyFocus on robustness, performance, transparency

WHQL certification for anti-virus productsWHQL certification for anti-virus products For Windows XP and Windows Server 2003For Windows XP and Windows Server 2003

We’ve measured significant progressWe’ve measured significant progress No FS filters in Windows ‘OCA’ top 100 ISV bluescreensNo FS filters in Windows ‘OCA’ top 100 ISV bluescreens Huge change from 3 years agoHuge change from 3 years ago

4. Data Recovery4. Data Recovery

Windows Server 2003 goes far beyond Windows Server 2003 goes far beyond backup/restorebackup/restore Volume Shadow copy RestoreVolume Shadow copy Restore

Empower users to undo their own mistakesEmpower users to undo their own mistakes

Open File Backup Open File Backup Backup open files without extra device driversBackup open files without extra device drivers Available to backup products which use ‘VSS’ Available to backup products which use ‘VSS’

Automated System Recovery (ASR)Automated System Recovery (ASR) Bare-metal restore of systemsBare-metal restore of systems Supported by NTBackup Supported by NTBackup Supported by third-party backup productsSupported by third-party backup products

Shadow Copy RestoreShadow Copy Restore

Client SideClient Side Server SideServer Side

Note: Flash demoNote: Flash demo Look under Look under www.microsoft.com/storagewww.microsoft.com/storage

Shadow Copy Restore At Shadow Copy Restore At MicrosoftMicrosoft Microsoft “ITG” pilotMicrosoft “ITG” pilot

Total of 57 servers over a 3 month pilotTotal of 57 servers over a 3 month pilot 10% space allocation provides two weeks worth of recovery, taking two shadow copies 10% space allocation provides two weeks worth of recovery, taking two shadow copies

per dayper day "ITG manual restore versus shadow copy "ITG manual restore versus shadow copy

ITG manual restore took 24-72 hours and required 3 escalations before “backup/restore” ITG manual restore took 24-72 hours and required 3 escalations before “backup/restore” team was properly engagedteam was properly engaged

Restore cost for ITG manual restore could cost $300+ for support and escalation costs Restore cost for ITG manual restore could cost $300+ for support and escalation costs plus lost time while restore takes placeplus lost time while restore takes place

Previous versions – Shadow Copy client restore takes 5 minutes for the initial install Previous versions – Shadow Copy client restore takes 5 minutes for the initial install and 5 minutes to do the restoreand 5 minutes to do the restore

Shadow Copy previous versions restore can take place on the spotShadow Copy previous versions restore can take place on the spot High client satisfaction (end user quotes)High client satisfaction (end user quotes)

““I have to say that is one of the coolest features I have ever seen! It worked flawlessly! I have to say that is one of the coolest features I have ever seen! It worked flawlessly! Thanks!”Thanks!”

““Worked like a charm; You are my hero for the foreseeable future”Worked like a charm; You are my hero for the foreseeable future” ITG praiseITG praise

““The best new feature in Windows Server 2003”The best new feature in Windows Server 2003” ““Extremely easy to enable and setup”Extremely easy to enable and setup”

Automated System RecoveryAutomated System Recovery

New feature for Windows Server 2003New feature for Windows Server 2003 Quickly bring a non-bootable system to a restorable stateQuickly bring a non-bootable system to a restorable state Backup of only system, applications, and settings – No data Backup of only system, applications, and settings – No data

unless on boot volumeunless on boot volume System and settings change less frequently than dataSystem and settings change less frequently than data

Target system requirementsTarget system requirements Hardware must be same as original systemHardware must be same as original system

Except hard disks, video cards, and NICsExcept hard disks, video cards, and NICs Enough disks to restore all the Critical System DisksEnough disks to restore all the Critical System Disks Storage capacity of each critical disk must be >= Storage capacity of each critical disk must be >=

corresponding original diskcorresponding original disk ASR state file (asr.sif) must be accessible through a local ASR state file (asr.sif) must be accessible through a local

floppy drivefloppy drive

Retail Retail MediaMedia

ASR B/U MediaASR B/U Media

ASR FloppyASR Floppy

ASR FloppyASR Floppy

Data backup MediaData backup Media

On-LineOn-Line

Backup App Backup App Install Media Install Media (Optional)(Optional)

Windows CDWindows CD

AAutomated utomated SSystem ystem RRecoveryecoveryWindows XP, Windows Server 2003Windows XP, Windows Server 2003

Bring a non-bootable system quickly to a Bring a non-bootable system quickly to a state from which a restore can be state from which a restore can be performedperformed

Re-configure physical storage to its Re-configure physical storage to its original stateoriginal state

Restore the OS, applications and all settingsRestore the OS, applications and all settings

Provides a mechanism for Provides a mechanism for third-party vendors to incorporate third-party vendors to incorporate ASR-related featuresASR-related features

4. Data Recovery4. Data Recovery CHKDSK CHKDSK

Reminder – NTFS is a Reminder – NTFS is a maturemature journaling file system journaling file system NTFS uses database-like logging techniques in order to remain NTFS uses database-like logging techniques in order to remain

consistent, even in case of a power fail or crashconsistent, even in case of a power fail or crash CHKDSK required only if CHKDSK required only if

Hardware does not honor ‘write-through’ of the journal fileHardware does not honor ‘write-through’ of the journal file Hardware corrupts data in some wayHardware corrupts data in some way There’s an NTFS bug – hence the emphasis on ‘mature’There’s an NTFS bug – hence the emphasis on ‘mature’

CHKDSK in Windows Server 2003 CHKDSK in Windows Server 2003 CHKDSK performance gainsCHKDSK performance gains

See See http://http://etestinglabs.com/main/reports/mschkdsk.pdfetestinglabs.com/main/reports/mschkdsk.pdf …showing > …showing > 1271% perf gain in their largest test configurations.1271% perf gain in their largest test configurations.

Online CHKDSK filesystem verificationOnline CHKDSK filesystem verification In Windows Server 2003 RESKIT: ‘verfydsk.exe’In Windows Server 2003 RESKIT: ‘verfydsk.exe’ Uses VSS to create a Shadow copy of volumeUses VSS to create a Shadow copy of volume

5. File Server Security5. File Server Security

Anti-virusAnti-virus Broad range of anti-virus products for WindowsBroad range of anti-virus products for Windows Vendors working closely with development teamVendors working closely with development team

AvailabilityAvailability PerformancePerformance

Shares now read-only by defaultShares now read-only by default ““Effective permissions’Effective permissions’

New tab in ACL dialogNew tab in ACL dialog What can Joe really do?What can Joe really do?

6. Maintaining Performance6. Maintaining Performance

Key method is disk defragmentationKey method is disk defragmentation Windows Server 2003 defrag enhancementsWindows Server 2003 defrag enhancements

Scriptable using DEFRAG.EXE command lineScriptable using DEFRAG.EXE command line Online MFT defrag for NTFS VolumesOnline MFT defrag for NTFS Volumes Finer-grain defrag NTFS API support Finer-grain defrag NTFS API support Significantly faster defrag algorithmSignificantly faster defrag algorithm Efficient defrag of ‘Shadow Copies’Efficient defrag of ‘Shadow Copies’

Windows Server 2003 NetBench gainsWindows Server 2003 NetBench gains 1 CPU +23%. 2 CPU +63%. 4 CPU +94%. 8 CPU +116%1 CPU +23%. 2 CPU +63%. 4 CPU +94%. 8 CPU +116%

Windows Distributed File Windows Distributed File System (DFS)System (DFS)

Benefits Of DFS Benefits Of DFS Virtual pathsVirtual paths

DFS provides ‘Virtual UNC paths’DFS provides ‘Virtual UNC paths’ DFS allows users and applications to use virtual, DFS allows users and applications to use virtual,

administrator defined UNC pathsadministrator defined UNC paths These paths are independent of the physical These paths are independent of the physical

resources backing these pathsresources backing these paths ExampleExample

\\corp\docs\2002\\corp\docs\2002 \\corp\docs\2003\\corp\docs\2003 \\corp\tools\sales\\corp\tools\sales \\corp\tools\engineering\\corp\tools\engineering \\corp\projects\foobar\\corp\projects\foobar \\corp\users\dgolds\\corp\users\dgolds

Microsoft DFS – ArchitectureMicrosoft DFS – Architecture

Multi-protocolMulti-protocol Uses SMB/LM protocol to Uses SMB/LM protocol to

communicate between DFS communicate between DFS client and DFS serverclient and DFS server

Then, uses any underlying Then, uses any underlying remote filesystem protocol to remote filesystem protocol to connect to remote shareconnect to remote share SMB/LM for WindowsSMB/LM for Windows Anything client has a RDR Anything client has a RDR

installed for (e.g., NCP for installed for (e.g., NCP for Netware, NFS for Unix Servers)Netware, NFS for Unix Servers)

SecureSecure DFS only involved in name DFS only involved in name

redirectionredirection Existing security of underlying Existing security of underlying

OS and file system is used to OS and file system is used to access sharesaccess shares

DFS Server

DFS

DFS Client

NetwarNetwaree

WindowsWindows

LAN or

WAN

UnixUnix

Benefits Of DFSBenefits Of DFSMultiple link targetsMultiple link targets

DFS Links can have Multiple targetsDFS Links can have Multiple targets A ‘link’ is a mapping from the ‘virtual’ DFS path to A ‘link’ is a mapping from the ‘virtual’ DFS path to

one or more shares (known as ‘targets’)one or more shares (known as ‘targets’) ExampleExample

\\corp\docs\2002\\corp\docs\2002 -> -> \\docs1\2002\\docs1\2002, and , and \\docs2\2002\\docs2\2002

A DFS path can point to another DFS pathA DFS path can point to another DFS path ExampleExample

\\corp\sales\demos\\corp\sales\demos -> -> \\demosrus\public\\demosrus\public

Benefits Of DFSBenefits Of DFSLoad balancing, site selectionLoad balancing, site selection

In case of multiple targets, the DFS server sorts In case of multiple targets, the DFS server sorts targets in 2 phasestargets in 2 phases Phase 1: Sort into groups by ‘site’Phase 1: Sort into groups by ‘site’

Windows 2000 site selectionWindows 2000 site selection Group #1 is same site, Group #1 is same site, Group #2 is rest-of-the-worldGroup #2 is rest-of-the-world

Windows Server 2003 ‘closest-site-selection’Windows Server 2003 ‘closest-site-selection’ Groups #1 … #N sorted by AD-defined site costingGroups #1 … #N sorted by AD-defined site costing

Phase 2: Within each ‘group’, randomize orderPhase 2: Within each ‘group’, randomize order Provides load balancingProvides load balancing

DFS client behaviorDFS client behavior Use the first available target in the referral listUse the first available target in the referral list Failover to next in list when necessaryFailover to next in list when necessary

Replicas within the Replicas within the user’s site are user’s site are selected selected preferentiallypreferentially

In In SeattleSeattle

DFSDFS

DFS ServerDFS ServerDFS ClientDFS Client

\\Docs1\\Docs1

\\Docs2\\Docs2

A single DFS link can A single DFS link can point to multiple physical point to multiple physical shares (“targets”)shares (“targets”) \\corp\docs\2002\\corp\docs\2002

DFS selects one of DFS selects one of the replicasthe replicas

\\docs1\2002\\docs1\2002

DFS: Multiple Link TargetsDFS: Multiple Link Targets

Deploying DFSDeploying DFSDFS types: Domain versus stand-aloneDFS types: Domain versus stand-alone

CharacteristicCharacteristic Domain-based Domain-based Stand-Alone Stand-Alone

Administrator Administrator accessaccess

Only Domain Admins can create new Only Domain Admins can create new domain-based DFS roots; domain-based DFS roots; Local Administrators group members Local Administrators group members on each of the root targets can on each of the root targets can add/delete links or root targetsadd/delete links or root targets

Local Administrators group Local Administrators group members on the local server can members on the local server can create new stand-alone DFS roots create new stand-alone DFS roots and add links to the rootsand add links to the roots

Where DFS root Where DFS root information is stored information is stored

In Active DirectoryIn Active Directory In the registry of the root serverIn the registry of the root server

DFS namespace size DFS namespace size restrictionsrestrictions

5,000 links5,000 links 50,000 links50,000 links

Methods to ensure Methods to ensure DFS root availabilityDFS root availability

Create multiple DFS root targets in Create multiple DFS root targets in the same domainthe same domain

Create stand-alone DFS root on a Create stand-alone DFS root on a clustered file serverclustered file server

Methods to ensure Methods to ensure link target link target availabilityavailability

Create multiple link targets and Create multiple link targets and replicate files by using one of the replicate files by using one of the following methodsfollowing methods

Enabling FRSEnabling FRS Copying files manually or by using Copying files manually or by using

scripts scripts Using a third-party replication toolUsing a third-party replication tool

Create multiple link targets and Create multiple link targets and replicate files by using one of replicate files by using one of the following methodsthe following methods

Copying files manually or by Copying files manually or by using scriptsusing scripts

Using a third-party replication Using a third-party replication tooltool

Deploying DFSDeploying DFSDFS types: Domain versus stand-aloneDFS types: Domain versus stand-alone

Use stand-alone DFS namespaces whenUse stand-alone DFS namespaces when No Active Directory availableNo Active Directory available

Your organization does not use Active Directory, or Your organization does not use Active Directory, or A domain admin will not create a DFS in their ADA domain admin will not create a DFS in their AD

You need to create a single namespace with more than You need to create a single namespace with more than 5,000 links5,000 links If you can divide your links among two or more namespaces, If you can divide your links among two or more namespaces,

then domain-based DFS is an optionthen domain-based DFS is an option Use clustering to Ensure the availability of the stand-alone Use clustering to Ensure the availability of the stand-alone

DFS namespaceDFS namespace

Use domain-based DFS namespaces when Use domain-based DFS namespaces when You plan to use FRS to replicate data You plan to use FRS to replicate data You want to ensure the namespace is available across You want to ensure the namespace is available across

multiple sitesmultiple sites

Deploying DFSDeploying DFSSize limitsSize limits

DescriptionDescription Recommendation*Recommendation* ExplanationExplanationNumber of DFS Number of DFS roots per serverroots per server

VariesVaries Windows 2000 and Windows  Server 2003, Windows 2000 and Windows  Server 2003, Standard EditionStandard Edition

One namespace root per serverOne namespace root per serverWindows Server 2003, Enterprise Edition or Windows Server 2003, Enterprise Edition or Windows Server 2003, Datacenter EditionsWindows Server 2003, Datacenter Editions

No LimitNo Limit

Number of links per Number of links per DFS namespaceDFS namespace

5,000 for domain-based 5,000 for domain-based DFSDFS50,000 links for 50,000 links for stand-alone DFSstand-alone DFS

These two stores (Active Directory, Registry) have These two stores (Active Directory, Registry) have different restrictions on the size of their objectsdifferent restrictions on the size of their objects

Size of each DFS Size of each DFS Active Directory Active Directory object (applies to object (applies to domain-based DFS domain-based DFS namespaces only).namespaces only).

5 megabytes (MB) 5 megabytes (MB) The size of the Active Directory object is determined The size of the Active Directory object is determined by the number and path length of roots, links, by the number and path length of roots, links, comments, and targets in the namespace. Microsoft comments, and targets in the namespace. Microsoft recommends using no more than 5,000 links in a recommends using no more than 5,000 links in a domain-based namespace to prevent the Active domain-based namespace to prevent the Active Directory object from exceeding 5 MB.Directory object from exceeding 5 MB.

Number of root Number of root targets per domain-targets per domain-based DFS rootbased DFS root

No fixed limitNo fixed limit If you do not enable “root scalability mode”, Microsoft If you do not enable “root scalability mode”, Microsoft recommends using 16 or fewer root targets to limit recommends using 16 or fewer root targets to limit traffic to the server acting as the primary domain traffic to the server acting as the primary domain controller (PDC)controller (PDC)

Deploying DFSDeploying DFSScaling hints and tipsScaling hints and tips

Keep comment fields to a minimumKeep comment fields to a minimum These take space in the DFS metadata & limit sizeThese take space in the DFS metadata & limit size

Cascade DFSesCascade DFSes Build layers of DFS for large namespacesBuild layers of DFS for large namespaces

A top-level DFS, pointing to subordinate DFSesA top-level DFS, pointing to subordinate DFSes 3-tiers is common for Large deployments3-tiers is common for Large deployments

8 tiers is maximum supported 8 tiers is maximum supported

Use ‘root scalability mode’Use ‘root scalability mode’ This is available for Windows Server 2003This is available for Windows Server 2003

Enable using DFSUTIL /RootScalabilityEnable using DFSUTIL /RootScalability DFS root servers will get updates from a local domain controller DFS root servers will get updates from a local domain controller

instead of the server acting as the PDC instead of the server acting as the PDC Reduces network traffic to the PDC at the expense Reduces network traffic to the PDC at the expense

of tight consistency of tight consistency

Deploying DFSDeploying DFSSite selection hints and tipsSite selection hints and tips

Site is only determined by IP address rangeSite is only determined by IP address range Windows 2000 site selection hintsWindows 2000 site selection hints

Note that a target’s site is defined when it is added to the DFSNote that a target’s site is defined when it is added to the DFS To refreshTo refresh

Manually remove/add the targetManually remove/add the target Or, use Windows Server 2003’s DFSUTIL /refreshOr, use Windows Server 2003’s DFSUTIL /refresh

Windows Server 2003 site selectionWindows Server 2003 site selection Note that a target’s site is dynamically definedNote that a target’s site is dynamically defined Site information in the DFS metadata is ignoredSite information in the DFS metadata is ignored

The Windows Server 2003 DFS UI does not store it thereThe Windows Server 2003 DFS UI does not store it there Use DFSUTIL /refresh if using Windows 2000 DFS serversUse DFSUTIL /refresh if using Windows 2000 DFS servers

““Closest site selection” mode requires Windows Server 2003 on Closest site selection” mode requires Windows Server 2003 on all ISTGs all ISTGs

File Replication Service File Replication Service (FRS)(FRS)

FRS In Windows Server 2003FRS In Windows Server 2003

File Replication ServiceFile Replication Service Used by DFS for keeping replicas in syncUsed by DFS for keeping replicas in sync Also used by Active directory for keeping logon scripts and Also used by Active directory for keeping logon scripts and

policy files in sync on DCspolicy files in sync on DCs Driven by the NTFS ‘USN Change journal’ Driven by the NTFS ‘USN Change journal’

Windows Server 2003 improvementsWindows Server 2003 improvements Staging file space management. Staging file space management.

Treat it as a LRU cacheTreat it as a LRU cache Reduce the data that is shipped between replicas – Reduce the data that is shipped between replicas –

compression and suppression compression and suppression ““SONAR” monitoring tool and troubleshooting docSONAR” monitoring tool and troubleshooting doc Sharing violation overrideSharing violation override

See slides separate session for more infoSee slides separate session for more info

FRS And DFSFRS And DFS

FRS can be used to keep DFS link targets FRS can be used to keep DFS link targets synchronizedsynchronized

Common scenariosCommon scenarios Publication of applicationsPublication of applications Publication of documentsPublication of documents Reverse publication Reverse publication

central system collects files from regional filescentral system collects files from regional files Used for ‘backup’, ‘log collection’Used for ‘backup’, ‘log collection’

Great combination with DFS site-selectionGreat combination with DFS site-selection Users use a common namespaceUsers use a common namespace DFS refers customer to closest available serverDFS refers customer to closest available server FRS replicates content between serversFRS replicates content between servers

SummarySummary

Highly scalable, robust file serverHighly scalable, robust file server PerformancePerformance RecoverabilityRecoverability SecuritySecurity

Windows Server 2003 adds key new Windows Server 2003 adds key new shadow copy scenariosshadow copy scenarios

© 2003 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.© 2003 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.This presentation is for informational purposes only. MICROSOFT MAKES NO This presentation is for informational purposes only. MICROSOFT MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, IN THIS SUMMARY.WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, IN THIS SUMMARY.