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Windows Networking and Device Technologies January 27, 2005
IEEE 802.11 Technologies
Amer Hassan, Architect
amerh@microsoft.com
mailto:amerh@microsoft.commailto:amerh@microsoft.com -
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2Windows Networking and Device Technologies January 27, 2005
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3Windows Networking and Device Technologies January 27, 2005
The Vision Dream Network
Pervasive Collaborative Computing
Faster andMore
Pervasive
MoreSecure
EaseAt Home
MoreDeployable
and Manageable
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=https://media5.magma.ca/www.patentrust.com/test_site/images/security-v1.gif&imgrefurl=https://media5.magma.ca/www.patentrust.com/test_site/images/&h=260&w=231&sz=37&tbnid=tRXap7KYzQ8J:&tbnh=106&tbnw=95&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dsecurity%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26ie%3DUTF-8%26oe%3DUTF-8http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=www.motorsports.com.cn/f1/media/allphoto1/ferrari.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.motorsports.com.cn/f1/media/allphoto1.htm&h=600&w=800&sz=86&tbnid=BcGzhYSdjMAJ:&tbnh=106&tbnw=141&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dferrari%26start%3D40%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26ie%3DUTF-8%26oe%3DUTF-8%26sa%3DN -
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Windows Networking and Device Technologies January 27, 2005
Video
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Windows Networking and Device Technologies January 27, 2005
Wireless Standards
IEEE 802.15.3
UWB, Bluetooth
Wi-Media,
BTSIG, MBOA
WAN
MAN
LAN
PAN ETSIHiperPAN
IEEE 802.11Wi-Fi Alliance
ETSI-BRANHiperLAN2
IEEE 802.16d
WiMAX
ETSI HiperMAN &
HIPERACCESS
IEEE 802.20IEEE 802.16e
3GPP (GPRS/UMTS)
3GPP2 (1X--/CDMA2000)
GSMA, OMA
SensorsIEEE 802.15.4(Zigbee Alliance)
RFID
(AutoID Center)
IEEE802.21,IEEE8
02. 18802.1
9
RANIEEE 802.22
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6Windows Networking and Device Technologies January 27, 2005
1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Growing 802.11 Standards
802.
11802.11
11a11a
11b11b
11c11c11d11d
11e11e
11g11g
11h11h
11i11i
11j11j
11k11k
11n11n11ma11ma
11f11f
11u11u
.11s, .11v, .11T,.11 r, .11p.11s, .11v, .11T,.11 r, .11p
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Windows Networking and Device Technologies January 27, 2005
Wi-Fi Industry Status Increased interest in cellular/Wi-Fi handsets.
Choice split between .11a or .11g Price gap for .11g and .11a/g is decreasing
rapidly; .11b only devices on steep decline
Voice over Wi-Fi becoming reality with technicalenhancements - WMM, .11i, .11k, .11r
Security solutions acceptable (WPA2, PEAPv2);security deployment issues being addressed
Hotspot roaming agreements identified as criticalto carriers & ISPs
Standardization started for 802.11n with 2 strongproposals
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What is the situation?Have not Deployed Wi-Fi Have Deployed Wi-Fi
Unable to justify ROI of a newinfrastructure
Justified ROI
Saves on infrastructure & real estate
Improves productivity in manufacture plants
Allows flexible employee work practices
Concerned 802.11 security is notadequate
Compensates for limits of current technology
Regulates access via VPN, looking for WPA2
Deployed secure technology EAP-TLS, .1X
Concerned 802.11 standards unstable(11a, 11b, 11g)
Deployed what meets current needs
Planning to upgrade to .11a then .11 n
Concerned about managing anothernetwork & provisioning users
Agrees management & diagnostic tools lacking
Deployments are tightly controlled
Not a show stopper compared to ROI
Waiting for the benefits to outweighthe risks
Looking forward to making strategic investments
VoIP & video streaming
New customer services & products
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Technology Wi-Fi WiMAX UWB Bluetooth 3GPP/2 RFID Zigbee
LAN forEnterprise
- - - - - -
LAN for Home - - - - - -
Home multipleA/Vdistribution
- (audiostreaming)
- - -
Backhaulingand last mile
Proprietarysoln
- - - - -
Wide AreaMobility
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Cable/deviceReplacement
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Mesh
Networking
Enterp/Ho
me/N
Neighbor-
hood Mesh
Home Mesh - - - -
SensorNetworking
- - - - - -
InventoryControl
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Auto PC - -
Potential Wi-Fi Scenarios
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802.11 n and all that jazz
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What do Home users want? Range: reliable wireless networking throughout the home
High fidelity A/V: good Quality of Service for high qualityaudio and video
Throughput!
HDTV-720 in the US @ 16 Mbps (MPEG2) HDTV-1080 in Japan @ 20 Mbps (MPEG2) Next generation Media Center will support 2 concurrent video
streaming, and by .11n ratification 4 concurrent streaming For 3 streams in the home, with picture-in-picture, and Internet
access, 100Mbps UDP level throughput is easily consumed
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Windows Networking and Device Technologies January 27, 2005
Wireless outsold wired home networking gear for
the first time in 2004
2.8 2.7 2.51.7 1.2 0.7
2.64.6
6.9 911.3 12.3
13.6
0.9
14.3
10.7
12.5
13.2
9.3
5.4
7.3
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Wired Only Wireless Total PurchaseUSHom
eNetworkin
gPurch
ases
(in millions)
Source: JupiterResearch Home Networking Model, 8/04 (US Only)
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What do service providers need?
Highest possible consumer satisfactionconsumers will blame the Service Provider
QoS is primary requirement video and highthroughput (mobile) data sessions
Management capability to the devices
Secure mobility support: Handoff & Mesh
High rate for outdoor to indoor 150m operation
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What would make IT Pro excited?
High return on investment
High level of security
Ease of deployment
Manageability of clients and APs
Diagnosis
Highly available networking
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Applications and target markets Transmission characteristics
Application Examples Type Rate Duration/volume
Audio/Video 1 HDTV and DV viewing forcommercial & domestics use
Constant(low jitter)
27 Mbps Hours
Audio/Video 2 SDTV viewing for commercial anddomestic use
Constant(low jitter)
6 Mbps Hours
Audio/Video 3 Video conferencing with VoIP Constant(low jitter)
2 Mbos < 1 hr
Interactive 1 Interactive gaming, InternetBrowsing, Email
Variable 2 Mbps 1 hr
Interactive 2 VoIP, Internet gaming Constant
withintervals
.2 MB/s 1 min 1 hr
Bulk transfer Flash downloads file transfer, mediatransfer
Variable 30 Mbps 10 MB 10GB
General applications set forth by the Wi-Fi Alliance
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IEEE 802.11 Initiative: start of .11n Develop next generation Wi-Fi capable of much higher
throughputs, with a maximum throughput of at least 100Mbps,as measured at the MAC data service access point (SAP)
Modifications to both the 802.11 physical layers (PHY) and the802.11 Medium Access Control Layer (MAC) are allowed with
baseline 802.11 & its amendments to support high throughput
Evaluation metrics: throughput, range, network capacity, (peakand average power consumption), spectral flexibility, backwardcompatibility, and coexistence (3 channel models)
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Environment Setting
Residential Intra-room, Room to room, Indoorto outdoor, Large multi-familydwelling
Small/medium office Enclosed office, meeting room,
classroom, bus, train
Large office Cubes, offices, multistory officespace
Large space: indoor/outdoor Hotspots: airport, library,Convention Center, factory,hospital
Channel models
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Requirement Description
HT rate supported in 20MHzchannel
at least one mode of operationsupports 100Mbps throughput atthe top of the MAC SAP in a 20 MHzchannel
Works in the 5 GHz bands Protocol supports 5GHz bands
(including those supported by .11a)
.11a backwards compatibility Some of the modes of operationdefined in the proposal should bebackwards compatible with .11a
.11g backwards compatibility in 2.4 GHz, some of the modes ofoperation defined in the proposalshould be backwards compatiblewith .11g
Functional requirements of .11n
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Windows Networking and Device Technologies January 27, 2005
Requirement Description.11e QoS support The proposal must permit
implementation of the 802.11eoptions within a .11n STA
Spectral Efficiency The highest throughput mode ofthe proposal should achieve aspectral efficiency of at least 3bps/Hz for the PSDU
Control of support for legacy STAfrom .11n AP
A .11n AP can be configured toreject or accept associations fromlegacy STA because they arelegacy STA
Functional requirements of .11n (cont)
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Windows Networking and Device Technologies Microsoft Confidential AmerH January 20, 2005
Link Level Throughput & Range
Range
80
15020
25
Throughput
Business
Infotainment
Services
throughput required in typical hotspot settings
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.11 n proposals
32 proposals, 4 complete (Sept 04, Nov 04) TGn Sync WWISE
Motorola/Mitsubishi
Qualcom
Down select and merger (Jan 05) TGn Sync
WWISE
Further down select (March 05)
Qualcom and Mitsubishi merged with TGn Sync
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Roadmap Activity started in Q4 02
Par/5 Criteria: March 03 Functional Requirements: Nov 03
Usage Models: May 04
Comparison Criteria: May 04 Proposals: Sept 04
convergence, plug fests, beta,
Ratification: Sept 06 Wi-Fi Certification: Sept 06
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Key Points TGn SYNC WWISE
Members Agere, AtherosCisco, Intel, MitsubishiPhilips, SonyToshiba, Qualcom,Nortel, Samsung,Marvel, Panasonic,Tohoku Univ, Nokia,
Infocom Research, Sanyo
Broadcom, TI,Airgo Networks,Conexant, Buffalo,Ralink, ETRI, HNS,Realtek, STM,TrellisWare, WinbondElectronics
UDP data rate 200+ Mbps/40 MHz 100+ Mbps/20 MHz
MAC basic technology accommodate both
EDCA and HCCA
accommodate both
EDCA and HCCAPacket sizes 0 to 64KB PSDUs 0 to 64KB PSDUs
IEEE 802.11n basics: 2 main proposals (TGn SYNC & WWISE)
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Throughput enhancementFeatures TGn Sync WWISE
Bandwidth (M) 20MHz mode(M) 40MHz, whenever regulatorydomain permits this extension
(M) 20 MHz mode(O) 40 MHz mode
MIMO-OFDM-SDM (M) 2 spatial streams@ 20MHz mode
(M) 2 spatial streams@ 20MHz mode
Higher code rate (R) (M) R= , 2/3, , 7/8 (M) R= , 2/3, , 5/6
Regular coding scheme (M) Convolutional code (M) Convolutional code
Advanced Coding scheme (O) LDPC (O) LDPC
Space Time Block Code (N) (O)
(M) Mandatory (O) Optional (N) Not available
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Windows Networking and Device Technologies Microsoft Confidential AmerH January 20, 2005
Preamb
le
+PLCP
Header
A-PSDU
Perform
aggregation
Legacy Burst
Preamble
P
LCP
h
eader
MPDU
Header
MPDU
Payload
F
CS Preamble
PLCP
header
MPDU
Header
MPDU
Payload
F
CSPreamble
P
LCP
h
eader
MPDU
Header
MPDU
Payload
F
CS
SIFS SIFS
PSDU1 PSDU2 PSDU3
Preamble + PLCP headers + SIFS will be saved
Both proposals do some form of aggregation
Some overhead will be induced to identify each MPDU
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26Windows Networking and Device Technologies January 27, 2005
TGn Sync WWiSE
New control frames Y N
New data frame Y N
New mgt frame Y Y
M(P)SDUAggregation
Y Y
A-MSDU aggregation N Y
Aggregation
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27Windows Networking and Device Technologies January 27, 2005
Wish list!
Coexistence through Spectrum sharing Use of DFS, TPC, LBT,
Turbo coding Low gate count (200K), but IPR
High gate count (800K), but no IPR
Space-time block coding (Alamouti) Provides great performance
Flexible architecture for closed loop Keep it simple!
i d i l S S
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28Windows Networking and Device Technologies January 27, 2005
Windows Wireless Strategy: Summary
Technology CY04-CY06
Investments
Challenges
WPAN:
802.15 (UWB),Bluetooth
BT PAN module
UWB Strategic exploration
Few BT PAN products
No IP over UWB spec
WW regulations for UWB
WLAN:
802.11
Security WPS Extensibility Diagnostics Group Policy
Fragmented userexperience
Poor penetration inenterprise
Multiple auth protocols
Several .11n proposals
WiMAX:
802.16
Strategic exploration
Extensibility
802.16e roadmap
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29Windows Networking and Device Technologies January 27, 2005
Call to action drive best user experience!
Usability: demand interoperability, andimproved UIs for wireless technologies
Security: demand Standards based securitywith 802.1X, PEAP & PEAP-SIM, and WPA1&2
Availability & coexistence: share spectrum withminimum interference
amerh@microsoft.com
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Windows Networking and Device Technologies January 27, 2005
Backup slides:Wi-Fi Alliance and Certification
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31Windows Networking and Device Technologies January 27, 2005
Wi-Fi Alliance Mission Statement
Certify the interoperability of productsand servicesand services based on IEEE 802.11technologytechnology
Grow the global marketGrow the global market for Wi-FiCERTIFIED products and services across
all market segments, platforms, andplatforms, andapplicationsapplications
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New Certificate & Logo
Certificate inside packaging (optional)
Logo on product
packaging (mandatory) Helps retailers and
consumers
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Windows Networking and Device Technologies January 27, 2005
Wi-Fi Alliance Roadmap
Baseline
Security
QoS
Applications
Certification Program Releases
IEEE Standard Releases
Q1 Q2 Q4Q32005
802.11e
WMM
Scheduled Access
Public Access CE
Phase2
2004
Extended EAP
2006
802.11h+d
SimpleConfig
Voice/Wi-FiWCC
802.11j 802.11k
CE
Phase1
WMM Power Save
Worldwide Wi-Fi Semiconductor Revenues by
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Worldwide Wi-Fi Semiconductor Revenues byApplication, 2003 - 2008 ($M)
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Chip Inventory
AccessPoints/Gateways/Bridges
Mobile PC
Desktop PC
Consumer Devices
Mobile Devices
Printers/MFPs
Aftermarket USB
Aftermarket PCI
Aftermarket NIC
Source: IDC brief: Worldwide WLAN Semiconductor
Forecast and Analysis, 2004 2008.
Worldwide WLAN Semiconductor Revenues by
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Worldwide WLAN Semiconductor Revenues byStandard, 2003 - 2008 ($M)
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Dual Band (802.11a+b+g)
802.11a
802.11g
802.11b
Source: IDC brief: Worldwide WLAN Semiconductor
Forecast and Analysis, 2004 2008.
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WLAN Chipset Pricing by Standard*
WLAN Chipset Pricing by Standard
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
802.11b
802.11g
802.11a
Dual Band
(802.11a+b+g)
Source: IDC brief: Worldwide WLAN Semiconductor
Forecast and Analysis, 2004 2008.
*Chart is estimate based on data in IDC Brief
2008 WLAN Semiconductor Revenues in Consumer
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2008 WLAN Semiconductor Revenues in ConsumerDevices by Application (n = $611 M)
1.3%10.0%
11.5%
12.1%65.1%
Gaming
Consoles/Handhelds
Digital TV
DVD Players
Digital
Cameras/Camcorders
Compressed Audio Players
Source: IDC brief: Worldwide WLAN Semiconductor
Forecast and Analysis, 2004 2008.
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