world bankdocuments.worldbank.org/curated/pt/...86. 1996 . gdp . 2.2a2 . β. 3 + β. 2 + β. 1 + α...

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1429-2008

- 16983

00971-3-7554845 00971-3-7542102

bookhous@emirates.net.ae E-mail:

Compu_Writer (0100390516-002) و (00202-33859758) '

25 30 39 48

75 1 79 2 85

91 102 105 116 122 124

133 134 139 143 148 151

158 168 173 178 181 182

191 195 196 203

207 214 217

223 234 239 241 247

253 268 278 288

303 303 304 306 309

311 333

Technocracy

Techno cracy

Knowledge Economy Knowledge SocietyThe Age of

Discontinuity Peter F. Drucker

GlobalizationInformation and Communication Technology Revolution

%70 Information Workers

Computer

networking

رـد أمني خميمـحمم. د موسى أبو طه. د

UNU-merit

1Silicon Valley1971

Electronic News

Transistors

2Knowledge Economies

2 Peter F. Drucker

The Age of Discontinuity1968

Information Age Knowledge

http://www.worldbank.org/kam

Toward Knowledge Economies:

Global Trends and Issues

http://www.worldbank.org/afrik/

10,0005000

Landon 1999

24 Moore 5

241965

1.1( Gaudin and Degremont 1993)

Gaudin and Degremont 1993

2.1 nanotechnology

2.1 2004-1991

%40 %30World Bank 2003 c

6 "Behind the Bleeding Edge: Technology Leapfrogs"

232006

Levi-Strauss The Gap

Kaplinsky, 2005

1.1-cutting edge-

Adam SmithThe Wealth of NationsJoseph Schumpeter

Robert Solow (1956)

7 2005

Robert Lucas1988

Rqbert Barro1990

Guellec and Ralle, 2003

1992-1960 0.58 0.41 1992-1980 0.65 0.21

1992-196044 0.94 0.52 1988-198050 0.68 0.20

Easterly and Levine, 2001

Norman Borloug

"river blindness"

30 199620075 World

Bank 2004

3.1 1947 185020

1719681964

2010UNESCO 2005

RISEPAK

World-Online RISEPAK

200540002500RISEPAK

OECD 1998

Mamade, Ahmend, and Easton, 2003

%281970%472000

4.12003-1994

%705.1

10%20--

2003-1990

6.1 Knowledge WorkersDrucker 1996

OECD 2004a

2534 4554

Robots - -

7.11998-1960

Autor, Levy, and Murnane 2003.

Brinkley and Lee (2006)

(OECD)%119942002%0.5

2.1 2005-1995

15 %15.7- %2.4- %27.2+ %30.7+ %20.9+ %23.9+ %18.3- %7.5- %12.7+ %13.5+ %10.2+ %5.7+ %14.0+ 12.6+

Brinkley and Lee 2006

8 Eurostat

8.12002

2002 2002-1994 2002-1994(Change in ratio of GFCF to GDP)

OECD 199420041995

2002(EU)(OCED)

2001(EU)

9.1 2002-1982

Kaplan and Norton 2004

(OECD 2006b)

9 "Global""Local""Global"

Ronald Robertson

(OECD, 1996)-

19971998

(2006d)--

10 (the Lisbon Agenda)

digital gap-

- 12.1 13.1

11(1)(2)

(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)

12.1Mobile 1002004-1994

www.itu.int/ITU-D/ict/statistics/ict/index www.itu.int/ITU-D/statistics/ict/graphs/mobile.hpg

1994 27

(brain drain)

World Bank 2003g

90 %15-%30

-(Aubert and Reiffers, 2003)

2003%48-%3319902020

4%55%94 201522

8 475(Leautier 2006)

(Rischard, 2002)12

12Jean- Francosi Rischard (2002)

The Knowledge Economy: Analytical Framework

and Benchmarking Elements

19962005 www.worldbank.org/wbi/governance

Barro199198196019851960

Cohen Soto (2001)

Hansushek and Kimko (2002)

%6The Economist,

March 10, 2005

Zhen-Wei Qiang, Pitt, and Ayers 2004)

InfoDev 2006

2003Lederman and Maloney) 2000-197553%1

%0.782001(Cincher and van Pottelsberghe)

OECD19801998Adams

1980-1953

OECD Adam

Institute d'Economie Quantitative 2005, Authors

www.worldbank.org/kam

101289

www.worldbank.org/wbi/kam

1000+ 1000 10,000

Scorecard 1.2

19952005-2004

(6.2) 1995

1995 1975

2912345

19952005-2004

2006 45

8.2 1995

8.21992

= u 81132

= 81 u 132

= Nw =

(2A1.1) 10)(

NcNwuNormalized

= 1 132 10 %10

910%10 89

www.worldbank.org/kam

4.2A1 indexes

indicators

Cobb- Douglas

TFP =ak+TFP1.2A2 ak

(KEI)(1)

1995 KET2004-1996

GDP 1996 =β1 + αβ2 +β3 + 2.2A2 β11996 β2 β3

1.2A21995KEL

A1 4002-1996

1996 -0.9459G*** 0.3944

0.3838*** 0.0323 0.4605*** 0.1673

6.6693*** 2.6602 R 0.5894

2004-1996

******909599

(Barro 1991; Sachs and Warner1995)

1.2A240.4605

%0.46 010

αβ11996

β2 β3B4KEL1995X Dum β5EI1995XDLM6+KEI1995X DL

(3.2A2)

1996PPPSIMA

SIMA 5

AChen and Daltman 2004

5 World Bank 2..5h

KEI19951995

Dum 1995

DLM 1995

DL 1995 B3

1.2A2 3.2A2

0.4582

1995%0.45822004-1996

0.0168

0.4750

0.01920.4774

0.0022

0.0022--

0.4560

2004-1996

1996 -0.9488 *** 0.4102 113 0.3836** 0.0393 113

0.4582*** 0.1617 25

0.0168 0.0641 17

0.0192 0.0939 39

-0.0022 0.3284 32

6.6641*** 2.9749 113 R 0.5897

2004-1996

******909599

The Process of Building a Knowledge

Economy

WBI and KDI 2007. Dahlman and Andersson 2000

3. 1)19702004

%15 12

Dublin --

-DublinCorikLimerick

(Trinity College)

IIDA2006

Mikkeli Loulu

Nokia river

2003 %20 %3.7

• • • • •

RISCARD

%100%32

2002%70

%5.319932002

121990

62002002

%60 %1002002

200120023002

%58 %292002

%17 1993

SoftwareHardware

%2720022003%402003

2500570 12

%0.3 1993 2001

World Bank 2005b. Chidamber 2003

( ICT )

Software

2.3 2004

1999%40%701990

HIV HIV

World Bank 2002 a; WEF 2003, U.S. Department of State 2005, IMF 2004, Land 2002, Transparency Informational 2005.

Benavente, de Mello, and

Mulder 2005

%20%3.5

1982 Olson

4.3 1990

( EPZS)

MonterreyCempinas

%20 %10

Jebel Ali Airport 120 85

20102020

2001850

DuBiotechDINC

Aubert and Landrieu 2004

Aubert and Chen, forthcoming)

= Technological Parks

Improving the Economic and Institutional Regime

-Leith 20052.4

3.4 1.4

Levy and Kpundeh, 2004.

(Palmade, 2005) 2019932003

Ayyagri, Demigruc-kunt, Maksimavic

World Bank 2005a.

4.4 1988

European Commission 2005

General Funds

Funds of Funds

Zagha and Nankani, 2000

5.4 VC1980

Sed Fund8 1.6

H&Q Asia Pacific

VC Funds

Silicon Valley

Saxenian 2000.

6.4. =

Zagha and nankani 2006

= ISO)

Clusters

Zagha and nankani 2006

Biotechnology

Estonia19912001

Shenzhenzhuhai Shanto

Xiamen Fujian 1984 14 Dalian

QinhuanglaoYantaiQingdaoLianyunganeyNantongShanghaiNingbo

WenzhouFuzhouGuangzhouZhanjiangBeihai1988

Hainan Pudong New area

Yangtze1992

EIU 2005

Fostering Innovation

(World Bank 2000)

(IPRs)

Aubert 2005b1

1.5 Adapted from Intarakunmerd and others, 2002

"brand agriculture"-

Roadside Stations -

"Roadside Station"

General Motors

7.91998

Fujita 2006

2.5 1992-1987

- 1987

19871992

%9%19 9001992

2 Brain Drain

Hard Brain Drain

Soft Brain Drain

200 -93

%36%33

Push Factors --

----Pull Factors

-----Brain Hunting-

Dahlman, Routti, and Yla0Anttila 2006.

42 STRA 32

VTT (213-63)

TEKES (395)

Finpro 32(19)

Finnvera 364 (41)

976443

302 (229)

public goods

Clusters

Adapted from Dahlman, Routti, and Yla 2006

50 20,000

4.5OECD -

- - - -

- - - - -

50-70 Core Funds30-50

6.5 Bamako

1997200240382420

157619552,90020051.52.2264

971998418200420059450020042004

%60-%50 1.819951996

3.12005200565 4,7003

8,500199715 325

Bhojwani 2006

6.5 1992

1976Philipe Ranque

MRTC12 24

MRTC Malaria Research and Training center

2006305040

200 1992

2006 the Bandager

30-20 2005 %7-5

Doumbo 2005

Al Watkins`World Bank

(Chandra 2006)

-Fundacion Chihe8.5

8.5 Foundation Chile

ITT- -

Foundation Chile

1999 36 17

1994(TRIPS)

Aubert 2005a, CIPR 2002

Open source IPRs

software

CIPR2..2

Strengthening Information and Communication Infrastructure

e-strategies

-e- Seri lank

1--2-6

Open source software

1996Azuay

Girard 2003: Development Marshall place, the communicative initiative

An Enabling Environment

- 1988 %80

47102003

3.6 2020

RITA --

RURA2003

O' Siochru 2006

130 164

100100

20002005

4-6 19982001

100%1020

5-6 1999

GSM Licenses

150,000

Wellenius, Rosotto, and Lewin 2004

2003world bank 2003e

http://www.ipc.go.kr/ipceng/project/eproject-intro.jsp

( NGOs)

-(Woredanet project)

Massachusetts(MIT) 500

100 "Motorola"640

202007

(ITU)800%30

%11%7 14

%1%5 6

5 UNDP 6 292005

1980 1990 2000 2005 - 0.09 46 258

14 27 83 135 14 27 129 393

- - 15 67

-Universe access Fund

Smart subsidy

206 52

19952000 6000202

%15 1994 %1 2002

2002Wellenius

The Economist

7 102005

Bhoomi20 6.7

31,0005200

(CBFL)

1000Andhra PradeshTamil Nadu Madhya Pradesh

Dahl man and Utz 2005

8-6 1999

poupatempo

Sorce: Jeffrey Rinne/ world Bank (www.unpani-un-org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/UNPAANO23527.pdF)

9.6Estonia : Apply the " e" to All Aspects of life and work

%70 %80 %100

SKype Source; Mark landler "Chilly Streets and Hot technology in Estonia" New York Times. Dec. 13 2005

2006 45

2010 - - 600

10.6 karalla

2006Heeks and Arun 2006

272003-2002 %40 20032500-

570 - 12

40 20 3500 400

2005Chidamber2003

II - Agenda

e - agenda

Agendas 2005 e

Upgrading Education

Vargas Zuniga, 2005

EFA Education For All 1.7

-2015-

2002FTI

30 2006 28

2007/2006 UNESCO

32 -2008

EFA-FTI secretariat-

2.7 100%70%15

%40 %50

200015

%90%75201987

%15 %5

3.7 UIE

additive Multilingual education

ADEA 2005

1.7 1995

Authors' calculations from KAM version 2006

5.7 JEI

web 2005

30 USAID

Cisco Dell Microsoft 100

De Frante et al 2003

- -2300 50100

= = = = = = = =

= = = =

1 Salmi(2004)

Salmi 2004

Mexico’s Monterrey Institute of Technology

19903000

1993 2001

14819946952000%51997%15

2000%391994%352000

%46%17

1994%32

Millennium University "Tecmi enio"

100,000

= = = =

(OECD 2004b)

www.tataliteracy.com

252001998

PISAOECD-%50

315432000

OECD 2004

OECD Program for International Student Assessment

%28 %12 %11 %10 %9

1998 19992003 2005 Finn 2005

3 %90 %86 %69

OECD 2002, Aggarwal and Others 2004

brain drainbrain gain

12.7The Global Scot Network

= Glasgow

= - - - -

Mc Rae 2006

Strategic Directions for Selected Countries

and Country Groups

1.8 2000

40%70 %20

%20 120

State Communications Commission

Scientific Diaspora

%10 %20

1993Dahlman, Zeng and Wang 2007

4.1 20.8 45.6 18.0 11.6 4.5 25.7 49.3 13.9 6.6 14.2 35.7 33.2 10.2 6.7

6.2 27.4 45.8 13.4 7.2

Pedagogy Governance

Communication Abilities

1.8Dahlman, Zeng and Wang 2007

1.8Felong Learning

= 1.3260

%7.5 2005-2002

%52 %27 %35

Accreditation Certification

430 Organized Sector %92

Dutz 2007

%16 %31 %53

%8 34 3/2

%33 %792004 %15

2004%40

Golden Quadrilateral

Ecomomist 2005

Doing business

2003200511 71

%61.7 13 48

Rahlman and Uts 2005

(Pai 2004)

%100 Hindustan times 62007

%0.852002

Business Creation

Honeybee network Cupta 2006

2004-2000 3.89 0.68

3.47 0.40

0.18 0.02

708.00 119.00 1.44 0.85

3.60 4.20 50.35 15.29

29.80 4.90

22.65 12.00 UPSTO 0.35 0.30

.70 4.60

7-12006 3.90 3.60

7-1 2006

5.10 5.80

7-12006 3.70 5.10

KAM Version 2007

Regional

economy

basic and applied

Research

Active Reformers

Outside

knowledge

economic specialization

WEF 2006

WEF2005

50%60%5

3.8 1996

2020 Smart Schools - E-business

smart card teche- government

(2003-1996)900

"foreign-owned""home-grown" 1.6 22

20032010Industrial Clustering

Processes

20102020 Knowledge Society

Multimedia Development

Corporation 30

www.msc.com.my/sc/msc,asp

%232001%322004%212001%252004

2,300 2000 4.8

Economic Freedom Index

8771676050

Technopoles

19992004316620300 11050

Competition Perception Transparency International 2005

%0.6 %2.26

(OECD, 2007) (Dederman and Maloney, 2003

Innovation Investments

Millennium Science CentresHolm-Nielsen and Agapitova, 2002 Institutional Overlap

Fondación Chile

Benavente, de Mello, and Mulder 2005

University Enrollment rates

Tokman (2004), Eyzaguirre and others (2005), and Fuentes and Mies (2005)

Knowledge Economy Index 1995

(5.8) 2005-1995

KAM version 2007

%30.4 %21.2 15

%11.5 %6.3

2003 Industrial structures European innovation scoreboard

structures 7.8

%0.2%0.5%0.67

KAM version 2007

Economic and institutional regime

KAM version 2007

inequality

Autarky

CONACYT

(Kezontor, 2006)

The Monterrey Urban

Cluster 5.8 Petrobras

Knowledge Potential

Financial Services

"FEMSA"

AXAPROEZA VITRO

CYDSA PULSAR ALFA

IMSA CEMGX

Bancomer and Banorte 19

TECThe Mstituto

Teconlogico De Estudios Superiors De Monterry 1943

Dahlman and Kuznetsov 2007

60(OECDm 1994)

Authors

TELMEX

Bridge Institutions Enterprise Incubators

CampinasITESM

Bridge Institutions

institutional experimentation

%312 %90

sophisticated

value chain

marketing

= public - private

governmental agenciesnon - governmental groups.

= associations from backward regionsto voice and access

Active ReformersGradual Movers

Sowers of Seeds

Self- financing wine sector

Kuznetsov 2006, adapted from McDermott 2004

Macroeconomic management

Gradual

Movers 7.8

A Circle of Reforms

A Boots-strapping Approach

Entrepreneurial Sector

poor governance

Public Accountability

Trade Liberalization

Multi-Fiber

2%907.620032004-

Sowers of Seeds

2004Quotas

finding your richEconomist72003

KAM (9.8)

%6.8 19932003-

(World Bank, 2005)

%52004%6.7

2005 2005-2004

1995 KAM

KAM2006

(10.8)Adult literacyrates

(10.8)

19902004

11.82004-1991

(12.8)(13.8)

2004-1990

13.8 2004-1990

World Bank internal data

> 9,000 10-5

> 2,000 3-1

6,000-250

58 > 5000

poor public goods

> 5,000 8

2,200 20-15

- - 130-2

+200-35

260 170

327 103

8.8Agence Universitarie de la Francophone600

Euchema

- Assured Institutional Funding

Contingent, Contract-based Funding

www.worldbonk,org/wbi/knowledgefordendopment

org.worldbank.www

= 199919981999

World Bank. 1999. World Development Report 1998/1999: Knowledge for Development. Oxford University Press

1999/1998

="Derek H. C. Chen and Carl J. Dahlman "

3366 Derek H. C. Chen and Carl J. Dahlman. 2004. Knowledge and Development: A Cross-section approach. World Bank Policy Research Working Paper 3366.

92 1960 2000

%20 %0.15

1000 %20%0.11

= AubertJean Evie2005

3554 Aubert, Jean-Eric. 2005. Promoting Innovation in Developing Countries - A Conceptual Framework. World Bank Policy Research Working Paper 3554

Research asymmetry

= 2005

http: //www.unnillenumiemproject.org/reoirts/index-orerview,htm.

-1 -2 -3 -4 -5 -6 -7

=20033026

Robert Watson, M. Crawford, and Sara Farley. 2003. Strategic Approaches to Science and Technology in Development. World Bank Policy Research Working Paper 3026

=200432

World Bank. 2004. Innovation Systems. World Bank Support of Science and Technology Development. World Bank Policy Research Working Paper 32

19892003

= 20052000-19603774

Daniel Lederman and Lura Saenz. 2005. Innovation and Development Around the World. World Bank Policy Research Working Paper 3774

1960 2000

= 20053739

Mariano Bosch, Daniel Lederman, and William E. Maloney. 2005. Patenting and Research and Development: a Global View. World Bank Policy Research Working Paper 3739

= 2006

Vandana Chandra, ed. 2006. Technology, Adaptation, and Exports: How Some Developing Countries Got It Right.

institutional structures

-technological adaptation

World Bank. 2003 "lot and MDGS: A world group perspective working paper 27872

2000 "Digital opportunity task force"

= 2003

Kerry S. McNamara. 2003. Information and Communication Technologies, Poverty, and Development: Learning from Experience.

= 20062006

= 2005 World Bank. 2005. E-strategies: Monitoring and Evaluation Toolkit

e, strategies

= 005e. development World Bank. 2005. E-Development: From Excitement to Effectiveness

= 2005

tried and true

= 2000 peril and promise

2000task force13

= 2002 Education Group,

Human developantre took

Innovation funds

= 2003

= 2007

Primary commodity exports

Total factor productively %50

= 2002

= 2003

= 2004

= 2006

"Trrovateire east Asia"

-1 -2 -3

The world Bank indigenes Knowledge for development program

= 2007

= 2003

= 2000

Carl Dalhman and Thomas Anderson, eds. 2000. Korea and the Knowledge-based Economy: Making the Transition. World Bank/OECD

= 2001

Carl Dalman and Jean-Eric Aubert. 2001. China and the Knowledge Economy: Seizing the 21st Century.

= 2003

2974 Alfred Watkins. 2003. From Knowledge to Wealth: Transforming Russian Science and Technology for a Modern Knowledge Economy. World Bank Policy Research Working Paper 2974

= 2005

Carl Dahlman and Anuja Utz. 2005. India and the Knowledge Economy: Leveraging Strengths and Opportunities. World Bank Institute.

= 2007

Alan Winters and Shahid Yusuf. 2007. Dancing with the Giants: China, India, and the Global Economy.

= 2006

Anuja Utz. 2006. Fostering Innovation, Productivity and Technological Change: Tanzania in the Knowledge Economy. World Bank Working Paper.

= 2007

Carl Dahlman and Yevgeny Kuzneststov. 2007. Mexico’s Transition to a Knowledge-based Competitiveness: Challenges and Opportunities. World Bank Institute.

Acemoglu, Daron, Simon Johnson, and James A. Robertson. 2000. "The Colonial Origins of Comparative Development: An Empirical Investigation." American Economic Review 91 (5): 1369-1401.

Acemoglu, Daron, Simon Johnson, James A. Robinson. 2001. "An African Success Story: Botswana." MIT Working Paper, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA. July.

Adams, Arvil v., and Richard K. Johanson. 2004. "Skills Development in Sub-Saharan Africa." World Bank, Washington,. DC.

Adams, James D. 1990. "Fundamental Stocks of Knowledge and Productivity Growth." Journal of Political Economy 98 (4): 673-703.

ADEA. 2005. "Learning, but in Which Language?" ADEA Newsletter 17 (2). Aggarwal, A., R. Devane, Y. Kuznetsov, and A. Pandey. 2004. "India's Transformation

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