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A Breakthrough for the Aluminium Industry

Economical Disposal of Red Mud into Cast Iron and Mineral Wool Insulation

September 2014

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The AMRT Technology and Process

The AMRT Mineral Recovery Process utilizes a patented electric arc furnace/smelter technology uniquely suited to profitably solve environmental and sustainability problems in the metals industries in the new century.

The Process◦ Efficiently extracts valuable metals from a wide variety of

feedstocks◦ Addresses significant toxic waste problems, turning liabilities into

profit-making assets◦ Has low breakeven points (furnace size & commodity price)◦ Can directly process “fines” and other problematic materials

without intermediate steps ◦ Ideally suited for local empowerment◦ Energy efficient

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AMRT Process Uses Proprietary TechnologyAMRT Process Uses Proprietary TechnologyBasic process patent granted in UK: ◦ UK Patent GB 2430276B “Control System for an Arc Furnace” granted

September 16, 2009 runs to 9/19/2025

◦ Protected in over 30 other countries

◦ Additional patent issued for treatment of bauxite residue (“Red Mud”) used in successful demonstration funded by the European Commission

Patented WT Process Technology is based on:◦ A proprietary thermo-dynamic model which produces an accurate mass

and energy model to predict how the process should be applied

◦ Proprietary software implemented in a digital programmable logic controller (‘PLC’) used to control the operation of the furnace

AMRT is a Member of CR3AMRT is a Member of CR3

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CR3 MEMBERSAlcoaAMRTConstelliumERCoGeneral MotorsGlobal Tungsten & PowdersGroup MachielsHarscoHydroH.C. StarckIndiumInfiniumMetallo- ChimiquePhinix/nanoRanchPersimmonSurface CombustionUmicoreVeoliaVictaulic

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Market Solutions & GroupingsMarket Solutions & Groupings

Bauxite Residue Treatment Stainless Steel Dust Waste Scrap Steel Dust Waste Electronic Waste Auto & Refinery Catalysts

Gold recovery from Copper Tailings Lead and Zinc Slag FerroNickel Dust Chromite Fines FerroManganese

Copper/Cobalt Fines & Ore Cassiterite Fines & Ore

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Waste Treatment

Mineral Recovery

Smelting

Red Mud Spill in Hungary Drew World Red Mud Spill in Hungary Drew World Attention in 2010Attention in 2010

““High Water Line” remains 1 year after High Water Line” remains 1 year after the floodthe flood

7© Palíndromo Mészáros. 'The Line.'

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Economical Disposal of ‘Red Mud’ – A 126 Economical Disposal of ‘Red Mud’ – A 126 Year Old ProblemYear Old Problem

Bauxite residue – or ‘Red Mud’ – is produced during the production of alumina from Bauxite using the Bayer Process invented in 1888

Bauxite residue is a high-volume hazardous waste which is typically stockpiled or dumped with little or no treatment

3 billion tons have been dumped or stockpiled worldwide Approximately 120 million tons/yr being produced without an

economical or environmentally sustainable solution.

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Bauxite Residue

ENEXAL Program – Demonstrating a ENEXAL Program – Demonstrating a Breakthrough Solution for Red MudBreakthrough Solution for Red Mud

AMRT and the European Commission co-funded two furnaces in Greece through 8.5 M euro ENEXAL Program to demonstrate treatment of bauxite residue (Red Mud):◦ A 400 kVA furnace installed and operated with the National Technical

University of Greece (NTUA) at Ypato, 60 miles north of Athens (commissioned 2011 – decommissioned 2014 at conclusion of project)

◦ A 1 MVA furnace installed at the plant site of Aluminium of Greece about 60 miles west of the NTUA site (commissioned 2012)

AMRT furnace technology selected on sole source basis as no other technology had the capabilities to use dust directly, finely control the smelting process and extract all the iron.

The Program has demonstrated that pig iron and mineral wool for industrial insulation can be produced from Red Mud using the Process furnace technology and commercial fiberization equipment.

AMRT/National University of Athens AMRT/National University of Athens Facility: Facility:

North of Athens, GreeceNorth of Athens, Greece

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AMRT/NTUA 400 MVA Test FurnaceAMRT/NTUA 400 MVA Test Furnace

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AMRT/Aluminium of Greece 1 MVA AMRT/Aluminium of Greece 1 MVA Red Mud Demonstration ProjectRed Mud Demonstration Project

Primary Process Furnace – Producing Pig Iron & Hot SlagPrimary Process Furnace – Producing Pig Iron & Hot Slag

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FIBERIZATION UNIT & OUTPUTFIBERIZATION UNIT & OUTPUT

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END PRODUCTSEND PRODUCTS

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PIG IRONMeets specs for input to secondary cast iron

INDUSTRIAL INSULATIONPerformance 10% better than standard

Results Presented at TIMS 2014Results Presented at TIMS 2014

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Insights Gained for Treatment of Red MudInsights Gained for Treatment of Red Mud Conclusions from CR3 Meeting, WPI March 2014Conclusions from CR3 Meeting, WPI March 2014

“First – Get the Red Out”◦ AMRT Technology is the only one demonstrated to do so

efficiently and produce marketable product

◦ Covers 40-80% of processing costs depending on power and other costs.

Then use the clean, low cost molten slag◦ Commercial spinning of high quality mineral wool for industrial

insulation demonstrated; commercial & residential insulation possible for many bauxite sources.

◦ Should demonstrate ability to produce low cost glass fiber for wind turbine blades, similar applications

◦ Other marketable products such as cement additives and rare earth extraction have much lower economic hurdles “after the red is out.”

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