An Era Of Social Change Chapter 23

Section 1

Latinos and Native Americans Seek Equality

During the 1960’s the Latino population in the United States grew from 3 million to 9 million

Wherever they settled during the 1960’s, they encountered prejudice and discrimination in jobs and

housing.

1. Which two minority groups also faced discrimination in the United States?

• In 1962, Cesar Chavez, established the United Farm Workers Organizing Committee

• Chávez and his fellow organizers insisted that California's large fruit and vegetable companies accept their union as the bargaining agent for the farm workers.

• In 1965, when California's grape

growers refused to recognize

the union, Chávez sent farm workers

across the country to convince

supermarkets and shoppers to boycott

California grapes.

2. What did Cesar Chavez and the United Farm Workers Organizing Committee do to get grape growers to recognize their union?

• The League of United Latin American Citizens fought segregation and other forms of discrimination.

• In the 1940s and into the 1950s, LULAC had filed lawsuits to desegregate schools throughout the Southwest, and in 1954, they helped win Mexican Americans the right to serve on juries.

3. What rights did the League of United Latin American Citizens win in the 40’s and 50’s?

• Many young Native Americans were dissatisfied with the slow pace of reform. Their discontent fueled the growth of the American Indian Movement (AIM), an often militant Native American rights organization.

• Because of AIM, Congress made some reforms on behalf of Native Americans.

• In 1972, Congress passed the Indian Education Act. • In 1975, it passed the Indian Self-Determination and

Education Assistance Act. These laws gave tribes greater control over their own

affairs and over their children's

education

4. What was the name of the Native American rights organization that fought for Native American rights?

• Armed with copies of old land treaties that the U.S. government had broken, Native Americans went to federal court and regained some of their rights to land.

• Throughout the 1970s and 1980s, Native Americans won settlements that provided legal recognition of their tribal lands as well as financial compensation.      

5. What did Native Americans win from the government?

Section 2

•Women Fight For Equality

• While the 1960s and the early 1970s saw a wave of activism from the nation's minority groups, another group of Americans also pushed for changes. Women, while not a minority group, were in many ways treated like second-class citizens, and many joined together to demand equal treatment in society.

6. While not a minority, what other group faced discrimination in the 1960’s?

Women Fight for Equality

• In 1957, Betty Friedan wrote The Feminine Mystique, that explained why women weren’t happy.

• Many women believed in feminism and felt that they should have economic, political and social equality with men.

• In the 60’s, many jobs were not available to women. The jobs that they did have paid less than men.

7. What book written by Betty Friedan explained why women were not happy?

Leaders of the Feminist Movement

• In1966, Betty Friedan and others formed the National Organization for Women that confronted the conditions which prevent women from enjoying the equality of opportunity.

• Gloria Steinem, a journalist, political activist help found the National Women’s political Caucus and started MS. Magazine which discussed contemporary issues from a feminist perspective.

8. Who was Gloria Steinem?

The Equal Rights Amendment

• In 1972, Congress passed the Equal Rights Amendment which would guarantee that both men and women would enjoy the

same rights and

protections under

the law.

9. What amendment would have guaranteed men and women the same rights?

The New Right Emerges

• The Amendment scared many people and the “STOP ERA” campaign was launched.

• To combat the ERA and the Pro-abortion supporters, conservatives built what they considered a Pro-family movement.• The New Right led by Phyllis Schlafly fought to stop the ERA and prevented it from being ratified by the states.

10. What group fought to stop the ERA from passing?

Section 3

•Culture and Counterculture

The Counterculture

• A movement made up mostly of white, middle class, college youths who had grown disillusioned with the war in Vietnam and injustices in America during the 1960s.

• Instead of challenging the system, they turned their back on traditional America and tried establish a whole new society based on Peace and Love.

11. Who made up the counterculture?

Hippie Culture

• Sometimes known as the Age of Aquarius, it was marked by rock and roll music, outrageous clothing, sexual freedoms, and illegal drugs.

• By the mid 60’s, Haight-Ashbury in

San Francisco was known

as the Hippie Capital

because California did not

outlaw hallucinogenic drugs

until 1966.

12. What was known as the hippie capital in the 1960’s

The Beatles and Woodstock• Helped propel rock music into

mainstream America. Made up of four youths from working class Liverpool, England.

• One example of rock and roll’s popularity occurred in August 1969 on a farm in upstate New York. More than 400,000 showed for a free music festival called Woodstock.

13. What was the name of the outdoor musical festival that attracted thousands of teenagers?

Decline of the Hippies

• Urban communes eventually turned seedy and dangerous.

• They fell apart over who would “cook and wash the dishes and pay the bills.”• By the end of the 60’s thousands of Hippies collected welfare and became dependent on the very society they had once rejected.

14. By the end of the 60’s, what happened to many hippies?

Lasting Legacy

• Even though the angry response of mainstream, conservative America would propel Nixon into the White House and set the nation on a more conservative course, the Counterculture

Movement would eventually lead a great many Americans to more liberal

attitudes about dress and

appearance, lifestyle

and social behavior.

15. What is the legacy of the counterculture?