THE
PHILOSOPHERS
OF
BELIEF
57
CHAPTER
VI.
THE
rHILOSOPHY
OF
THE
CONDITIONED
G2
SOLUBLE
4G4
CHAPTER
XXV.
the
prestige
of
independent
originaUtj,
the
present
which
had
been
detected
in
his
predecessors,
of the
involve an
many points on
his
opinions,
all
that
is
to
belong in the
is
that
which
he
Relativity of Human
most generally
sical thought.
ledge, it is necessary
compel them to disclose
KNOWLEDGE.
of our
mental nature.
smallest number
or
may
be
entertained
on
this
is
the
feelings
to
which
;
believing
to
exist.
What
we
term
they
occur
stratum or hidden cause
what
this
to be
is merely
relative to
affecting us
in certain
an
inmost
nature,
but
is con-
by the
—
conceiving them.
ourselves
Relativity
of
our
knowledge
as
mentally
invest
sweetness,
to
specific
sensations,
either
the
acceptance
or
our
mental
consciousness.
intelligence
But
the
something
quite
insignificant,
or could
there is
; and are
them
those
truly
emanating
'
'
as con-
out
of
to
being
known
merely
as
causes
trines
question that can
that
this
case
Sir
W.
Hamilton
rela-
or aggregate, or
to
 think
them
effects,
in
a
law
which
as
is
 
a
mere
 inference
from
Phsenomena.
attributes
of
extension,
figure,
the
necessary
con-
the
 great
axiom
of
can
know
Things
as
they
are
in
themselves,
us
Besides,
we
*'
much
as
expresses
it
(surely
by
a
very
strained
use
of
language),
which
are
already
We thus
return as
before to
account
what
they
a
source
of
error,
if
we
If any
by
mind.
We
may
help
alter
the
which
disputant ;
not
one
of
consciousness,
and
such
way
as
it
was
always
competent
to
M.
we
have
a
direct
stands related
of water
is not
contrasted
with
that
of
Infinite,
the
other
same
attributes.
ing of knowledge. Absolute
spoken of
knowledge has attained its utmost
limit. So
as
abridged
expres-
sion
: let
us
hope
he
takes
due
senses
just
dis-
criminated
from
to
state,
as
far
as
words,
that
the
Infinite,
the
'
Unconditioned is
a
three
elements
author
by
these
words.
language)
the
terms
enumeration
whether
is
contradictions.
and
most
fundamental
 
known
as
doubted
particular, of the
of
an
absolute
cause :
exists
absolutely
as
a
if
Grod,
is
the
capable
create
by
the
 
H\iq
its cause,
neces-
sary
Being,
or
that
this, among
in
duration
is
proved, against
argument, the
as far as it
 
purposes,
and
as
genuine
and
;
very
element
which
veri-
trains
of
is
a
highly
successful
mode
of
the
investigation
Infinite
But
ignorant
 When,
which
therefore,
known
being known
itself, but
at
Absolute
Cause.
for
the
last,
because
it
will
occupy
us
must
begin
by
finding
author.
common
please.
A
the
qud
as
a
condition
of
relative
name,
the
exist-
It is evident
proposition,
least
one
cor-
relative,
by
many
more
as
there
are
capable of per-
conceptions elements not derived from the thing per-
ceived
a prototype in the object itself: and that we must,
in each
for
not
 
conception
Absolute
could
be
thought,
did
of
the
smallest
consequence,
really
recognised
know, what rests
;
having,
beliefs
beyond
our
knowledge
firmly
—viz.,
that
our
know-
ledge
is
relative
to
ourselves,
and
little
pur-
pose;
and
the
subject
ofEuclid,
and
do
not
know
the
definitions
and
a
if
anything
less
certain,
than
the
remainder,
philosophi-
cally
important
by
wider
sense,
been discussing.
I
truths,
highly
only may
the
ground
a
brief
considera-
And
unless
other
parts
of
terms
of
the
proposition,
more. It may
operations
when
they
are
the most
selves
a
same
should
it could
of our
minds, or
is only
case
is
otherwise
that, in
as
four
conception
together,
but
it
could
not
two
make
four.
table is pretty
 
adhesive quality, was in
combination, the
that
inability
always
diffi-
culty
can exist apart: a
 
ever
experience,
railway,
 
 
had
to us
71
This
is
the
second
meaning
of
first,
is
tolerably
ordinary
meanings
common
ex-
a
under
some-
sufficient
evidence,
accept
the
first
kind,
inconceivable
in
needful
presentation
and though
case. The
doubts
this,
attempt
to
define
what
possible, and yet
be
true.
limited ?
in
other
words,
whole
of
extent
of
space
we then
of the
 
point of
can
no
X
Here
the
to
have
independent
grounds
for
deciding
one
way,
namely,
that
which
the
author
presents,
he
undertakes
conceive
an
from
forming
this
conception,
by
tion of our
struc-
After
some
experience
of
under
something
infinite
as
cate
in any
given
moment,
and
it
is
negative,
and
end,
or
a
boundary.
Sir
W.
Hamilton's
leave
to
a
thins
under
a
neoration
is
to
think
it
G
require
infinite
It would of
of
a
more
time,
however
often
we
any of
our clearest
hypotheses
instrument,
them,*
to
but it
would needlessly
grauting
the
in-
it is
in itself,
any
given
subject :
and
this
I
do
proposition
or
the
other
must
of
our
minds
If
the
preceding
arguments
the
admiring
consistent
with
them.
If,
then,
as
unworthy
the Christian
consequences
of
cepts them, I think it supremely
important
the
conclu-
sion
not
only
We must
Nature
as
of Relative.
has unwarily
run ? Mr.
Mansel certainly
gains nothing
his
first
argument
because these
possible
existence
are
mutually
dependent
in
the
sense
of
possessing
positive pre-
of
this farrago of contradictory
believed?
lute ?
The
true
absolute.
If,
also, so far
conceived
as
have
good
attributes
undertook
to
impossibility.
Again,
of
the
Infinite :
according
of
conscious-
would
patronize
infinite
moment
to
being limited
which
metaphysical
a
manner,
asser-
tion
is
a
legitimate
as
valid
answer,
as
far
as
words
go,
all relative.
God,
but
phseno-
menally,
If my
to
say
whom also
diffi-
culty,
and
he
himself,
but
not
how,
with
the
is not
the sroodness'
in
kind,
and
other
are immediately
misrepresenta-
Eationalism,
than
man
and
;
raised to
which
totally
difierent
quality
I
for
venerating
it
attributes
are
ascribed
a
being
whose
attributes
are
one thing
for
not
their known
human acceptation,
otherwise. But
this is
and
that
man and
he
is
must
con-
ception
feel-
ings
 
cannot
conceive
the
ignorance
rendered,
at
least
be
conscious
of
 
of reasoning,
of
the
to
it
the
the
term,
would
be
Immediate
Knowledge.
And
he
says,|
knowledsre
of
things
a
right
to
it do not serve
diate cognitions are yart
a present
been.
Having
a
not
conscious
of
the
past.
If
not,
not
conscious
of,
we
do
not
know.
This
inconsistency,
Hamilton's speculations, is
But
this
involves
him
in
a
new
inconsistency
own
itself
of
knowing
by which
know
that
we
know,
was
main-
tained
are two.
thing
I feel
I
I
the
terms
employ the
all the
modes of
self-affirmation,
however,
 is
or feel-
convenience
war-
should
be
it
would
observer
 above a certain degree of intension.
*
a
manner
wliich
might
lead
know,
his
repeated
angles
which
accordino-
to
Sir
W.
Hamilton
we
ouo-ht
to
feel
without
must be conscious ot
the external objects perceived.
object.
scious
of
conscious
of
the
objects
or
if
he
was
right
of
Knowledge :
Belief
and
Knowledge
by
Sir
W.
perception,
and
to all our
If
his
premises
are
true,
we
operation
is
con-
sciousness
of
and subjective.
an assurance
himself
with
such
mere
words.
If
each
of
without
a
As
far
as
we
believe,
so
belief,
and
so
far,
from
this
entanglement,
down,
cut
oJEf
his
own
object
of
that
we
must
the
know
anything,
I
do.
I
called,
it
is
model
of
there
by
a
on
am
convinced
as
certain
of
the
fact
as
if
I
this,
this
evidence,
is what
act
upon.
Ab-
solute
for in
denying all
apply to
other
words,
uncon-
and
be-
been
as
ideal
aught
degrees
of
 
investigate
consciousness
of
the
existence
philosophy
two fields, I
knew was
that he
of
this
doubt
is
only
a
correspondence
 
our
necessities
of
may,
impossible
for
possibility.
But
our
impute
mendacity
and
perfidy
a
presumption,
in
the
absence
of
not
sufficiently
between
facts
such as
render
the
divine
in
ques-
tion
seems
to
our
nature
to
that
this
illusive
opinion
illusion in-
an
error,
all
jDhilosophers,
it
may
truly
be
says,
do
so
would
be
to
doubt
our
author
could not
manner
: and whatever
in
contrary
to
knowledge
of
things
past.
;
himself
open
from
Eeid
We
see,
enough
to
say
that
something
the
thoughts
to
a
strenuously
maintains,
nothing
can
it
moon, or any
him
(at
by intellectual analysis
or beliefs, in
 
extensive
of
placing
before
with
care
and
tinguishing
that w^e seem
concentrating our
truths, which
fact, at
—
the
that we seem, and
by
direct
intuition
; and,
for
the
ex-
periment
any infant—
not
original
; a
study
sufficiently
thorough
been
spective
mode.
It
is
the
mind—
is
It may
history
of
science
do
except
to
settle
the
relations
of
the
supposed
intuitive
beliefs
among
themselves.
'
were
too
proud
sophers
have
merited
this
acts,
it
forcibly
substrata, or
 
 
a
consistency
in
themselves.
extended object immediately
of
the
most
natural
that
the
strangely
sophistical
and
whose
and
the
is, and
language,
be
called
a
perception.
Had
quote
passages
in
proof
of
this ;
mental
modifications
he has said
confused
Brown's
involved in
own
showing,
primitive
and
incomprehensible
that
we
believe,
which
accord-
ing
his
its modification,
 mistake for
the
all the
 
the
hypothesis
con-
external world,
repre-
sensations which
an object
tion,
others
a
other
Laws
of
except its
deliberate
opinion,
he
would
have
Sir W. Hamilton's most
 
An act
 
 
 
and
for, ex
be said
 
recognise
a
mental
modification
to
be
reality,
exist
between
the
picture
;
as
often
the
objects
is
through
the
presentations
to
compare
a
cause
wholly
simple supposition that
may
Brown's
opinion
is
truly
which in any case
true,
lie:
in
other
lie
claims
no
knowledge
as
arising
out
of
ignorance,
no
intelligence
growing
out
of
interference
of
Providence,
could
be
applied
with
exactly
as
much
sensations.
We
The fact
nothing,
being
the
belief
perception,
simul-
taneously
with
suggested by
remarked,
might
made. The
facts are
alike consistent
diiction
:
wliicli miglit
author's opinion
as regards
do
not,
he
says,
(Lecture
xxiv.
vol.ii.p.
11)
of a
than
of
at
all
worth the
Hamilton's vast and
 
of an external
brought his
his
language
is
so
more
unambiguous
 
what
hath
to
'
'
natures,
against
the
meaning of this
 
by
of
touch,
informs
 it. t
a
cited many
Works,
p.
188.
t
Ibid.
pp.
194,
195.
J
Ibid.
p.
195.
a
 
signified
by
ternal
object,
and
Nature
intended
them
only
as
signs
ball in
my hand,
doctrine
of
presentative,
surrendered,
We
see
in
this
Realism,
and
against
opinion,
is,
that
when
but
Avas
puzzled,
and
thought
the word sensations
Eeid's
of
AV.
system,
he
says,*
as
first
promulgated,
our author
be
did Brown.
Before closing
is obliged to admit
cases a mistake, and
is
a
doctrine
of
his,
re-
other
thinkers—
by
representing
possibly be
this
matter
I
but
an
become, in
inseparable
object
we
per-
of
possible that I
mental
nature
but
with
groups
of
them may
end
to
to
think
of
the original
the
possibilities
as
much
to what
the
idea
nothing
at
to assign
man-
kind
on
the
tangible
objects,
means
no
such
in believing that
the
minds
not admit
and
Brown.
For
these
three
philosophers
inas-
much
a post,
manoeuvre
really
defenders
of
the
existence
of
now
does.
He,
however,
did
believe
in
more
than
perma-
fugitive,
variable,
and
which
our
of
difference,
and
inseparably
our
neither
a
But this natural
the
a
striking
example
of
our
power
to
subsists between
some other
a
Thus,
the
real
antecedent
experienced,
in generiil,
of
ourselves.
Thus
bilities should
tivity
to
the
Primary
Qualities
of
bodies
than
to
the
at
least
as
by two
drawn from known
 
But
in
which
the
feehngs
or
mental
states
in dreamless sleep, or
permanently
destroyed,
If
the
theory
is
considerations
of
the
of
the
ground. It was not
that sphere.
substance, by
the essen-
The
assurance of the
divine attributes required
present existence. A
copy or
well
worth
reading.
See
Prolegomena
Logica,
pp.
123-135.
apprehended in
of
some
portion
of a present
sensation. We
majority of
are obliged
the two
all,
group of
association,
and
marked
to
us
a
present
possibility
of
referred
every
particular
sensation
to
Matter,
that
idea
would
necessarily
those
of
sight
the
relation
of
Object
to
which
touch,
has
been
and
narcosis
or
in
opposition
to
our
 will.
If
experiments
—
sufficient
search,
has
been
constructed,
is
undistinguishable,
by
sensation
into
a
mark
or
sign
of
a
Permanent
Possibility
any
combination
of
sensations
and
reminiscences
of
sensa-
tion.
Sir
improved form, as given
sense :
the
one
corresponding
intensity of
—
effort.
resistance
resistance
of
limb
organs,
affirmed
of
exertion
simply
difficulty in believing that
as
this
muscles ; those,
a true
it
be
length,
breadth,
or
height,
the
weights
weight,
acquire
through
measures
of
length,
 
their
more
as
well
the
seeing
absence of an external
body
of
same
or
no way con-
touch, in
of
space
between
A
of
muscular
motion
is
Room—
room
modi-
fied
by
amount of the move-
any
Brown. It is
how
the
notion
he
says,
more
simply,
than
as
that
which
 has
into
parts
(parts
in
succession,
question only half
confounds it with
will be
extension is
eye.
Not
having
very
small
parts,
almost
—and that
a
motion
of
the
muscles
continued
for
a
voured
to
ascertain
 
of
the
 
 
 
did
not
dis-
manner,
in
external
thoroughly
realized
the
the
in
ready
admitted
as
the
basis
this case,
our
idea
exposition
by
Mr.
Bain,
of
the
machinery
by
which
our
consci-
ousness
of
Extension
knowledge,
to
distinguish from
other con-
begins
at
p.
363.
of
the
change,
and
of
that
the
change
is
connect
We then
;
;
imply and reveal
last
resort
the
in our notion
full
power.
His
Bain's,
supplementary ot
examination of some peculiarities in Sir
W.
Plamilton's
treatment
of
it.
immediate
an eye incapable
eye to
than
that
an
eye
with
but
a
a
it.
distinct
Physiolo-
gists
have
attributed
in length and
other.
Is
there
the
smallest
 
 
take
*'
through
the
 luminous
tracing
alone,
we
have
the
feeling
of
We may
still, how-
notions
of
feelings.
The
first
gained
knowledge,
or
 optical
discrimination.
and move-
is,
which
furnishes
us
use
this
touches
of
a
patient
who
acutely alive
*
recog-
by which
he perceived
strange-
ness
or
masters
of
what
I
have
called
problems
sensations
as
a
distinct
principle
of
combined
with
the
 
the same
man
forming
parts
is
this
large
conse-
quences
should
 
 
form.
position
suggests
to
wonder
iie
should
and
mentally
clothe
all
 
one
of
the
instances
 
 
that
conjunction
to be
con-
that
hypothesis,
then,
the alteration.
landscape,
a
concert
only
revivable
trace
in
the
memory.
This
and analysis.
parts
that
his
is
ex-
hibited
ment is the
 
it can
remembrance,
nature
which
the
therefore,
who
deny
that
to a
very large
portion of
advantageously
be
had
to
Mr.
Mansel.
Mr.
Mansel,
and
are
abundantly
ac-
customed
to
curves
r
two
straight
body
with
a
human
head
has
To
a
tions
in
that
case,
give
the
idea
of
a
constitution
objective
 
could
have
inability to conceive
many propositions which all
dependence
of
our
possibilities
of
thought
upon
our
opportunities
experi-
mind, whatever they
back different
I will.
to
my
mind
hoarded
up.
I
may
possess, whether
times present
are not only
is
evolved by Schmid out of
the
depths
 
never more get rid of it. If he had but
happened to
Schmid
further
volitions,
and
desires,
are
of them
and
willing
to
whellier
poisoned
I
become
delirious,
something
which
are
future
contingent
are
un-
he
whole
must
be
the
generally
discover
of
the
minimum
the whole
of the series,
and this bal
the explanation
given by
Stewart. The
that Hartley
must
our
ordinary
sensible
impres-
debated whether
they were
of real
but forgotten
at
once
from
a
work
entitled
Etudes
Elementaires
of
states
more
much
successively,
as
find
he is
which
sensa-
tions
and
James
Mill,
are
them
has
become
complete,
it
is,
to
our
subsequent
consciousness,
exactly
all
be, leave
consciously
present
Sir
W.
facts in support
momentarily
to
intensely occupied
more
more
will
colours
 
posed
which
to
a
solution
thought of.*
'
absolute
tautology
be-
contained
in
the
effect,
the
effect
that,
in
effect,
nor
can
we
con-
to be conceived
that
the
by
combustion,
have
conception
the water,
destroyed.
at
the
universe
and
its
this
doctrine
which
also
powerful
before
his
power
of
transmuted
into
act
and
neces-
sitated
to
believe
to be
writings
must
have
a
cause,
we
which
hegins
existence
matter, having
even
directly
rather
its
changes
of
form
Sir
W.
beginning to
requiring a cause,
constitute
the
causes,
the
which
example
a
case
in
salt
comjDounded
Each
have
opened
his
eyes
is left is per-
that
 
well as the
*
their
causes,
as an
'
'
is,
that
be
uncaused,
applies
equally,
on
In
this
difficulty,
by
I
have
already
observed),
 
it
 
for
us
limb moving,
as this
on Reid
to form
the reso-
and our
Mansel,*
it
is
could
same as
 
 
to
me.
(Here
Mr.
Mansel
Power
volitions
over
over
our
volitions.
other
people
volitions
I
may
be
a
others; and, among
prophetic anticipation,
enters
a
from that combined
of
names,
but
particular
 
common
language
of
Conceptualists,
and
indivi-
dual,
to
be
 not
only
true
to
his
the abstract
or
magnitude,
which
the
conception
of
the
class-qualities
Lectures
on
Logic.
the
Professor
supplied
in
the
text,
must
objects,
which
 
it
cannot
of horses
by
the
other
negatived the distinction
they are
imagined,
when we
of a
relation, can
 
concentrative
laxes,
if
the
same
are
on a train
out,
Considered in
we wish
to be
of their attri-
receive
a
incidentally) what
the
cess
of
tunnelling—
of
secured by
an arch
to
the
a vivid
the
Concepts, goes beyond
distinct
indi-
 
is
thus
 
criticism,
namely,
that
he seems
to think,
embarrass the
But
do
we
? To take
class-name,
and
are.
Mr.
mark
real
power
 
the
class.
Language,
issue
speech and
several
instance
of
its
application,
to
correct
and
fix
the
signification
of
point
out
process by
of
thought,
artificial
there
enabled
and
association,
the
a concrete image, and
parts
except
a
special
share
of
attention,
guaranteed
to
it
by
special
intellectual
processes ?
found
the
former,
*
entirely
conversant
with
the
use
Whately
's
concept
to
be
the
part
by
which
we
part,
of
what
to,
or
comes
we
are
incapable
of
attempt
to
form,
to
call
this
that it is
to
mind
faintly,
others
that our
Leibnitz,
accordingl3%
the concept,
said,
case
it
does
the
word Intuitive in
metaphysicians, and
mind. I cannot help
as for
thinking
without any
thought,
neither
is
majority
of
cases,
much
means
consistent
evident
individual,
only
a
concrete
represen-
I think,
onan error),
 
of
to several indi-
 
and
to
the
true
doctrine
Sir
W.
Hamilton
enters,
to
depend
on
for
unless
dif-
conflic-
coexist-
second
they differ
by the
with one another; when
existintr
together
in
the
same
learning
a
part
of
the
concept
virtue,
in him. We
them
the concepts. Belief
is an essential
as true
is not
judgment
consists
in
judging
something
or does
not constitute
of
in
the
nothin(j
 
words,
and
a
little
more
tlum
a
individual
objects,
is,
words, we
terms
Psycholoirical
from
what
if we
form
a
new
judgment
Sir W.
would
known
to
than
a
cognition
the
whole
process
of
comparing
 
judgments
the
world
has
(Explicative and Ampli-
history
entirely
does
away
own doctrine
mind when he sug-
 
meaning
of
living being, or
Man is rational,
thought,
leading
to
self-contradictions,
to
the
merits
of
the
question
itself
be-
what
a
man
of
a
false
system.
are either
part
says
(Prolegomena
Logica,
p.
58),
in some
pro-
predicate
be
the
the
included,
notion
Man
contains
the
predicate
a
repetition of, the first.
to
the
attributes ?
or
have
not
indefinite
number,
mostly
not
them
proposition
cept
as
to
its
Ex-
tension?
Have
any
concern
with
the
I
neces-
sarily
aware
even
whether
there
of
the
attri-
what else
not concern
of
propositions
nothing to
for
on them.
We cannot
certainty
whether
know whether
to accomplish this by
diffi-
culty
to
be
got
over,
to
which
logicians
of
it, the
reason is
and it
does its
what
is
included
in
it.
These
had never
ness
of
C
distinctly
present
and B of C,
but that A is
discover
that
A
is
conjoined
with
C
implying nothing more
tained
to
be
conjoined
with
what
was
the
two
or
reasoner's
a
sort
out
something
so. But with
not find them in
is
same defect
justify
each
what
never
could
have
been,
disputed
that
is
 
 
 
a
Hamilton's
words.
 In
comprehended
under
it,
science or an art,
it
is
and
THOUGHT?
377
it
would
mark
a
difference
between
of
theoretical
know-
ledge,
and
truths
of
to
practical
account
namely,
cians
generally.
or
expres-
sions
by
the
following :
 
then, is
meaning
all
men,
are
mortal ;
is
this
to
the
conclusion
or
of
the
translates
nothing
that
may
not
to
some-
thing
which
the other.
his Essays on the
act or fact
Sir
W.
Hamilton
adds
a
flood
THOUGHT?
387
forms
a
even
Science
in
this
mode
of
not of
as an
our
author
remembers
his
own
philosophy
in
which
the Laws
Laws
of
doctrme
reserved
with
which
may
indirectly
throw
perties
of
Thought
which
concern
of
our
intellectual
operations.
it.
But
un-
derstanding
object,
and
it
may
the
thinking
mind,—
to
of
its
aspects
abstracted. Ac-
tlie
Keality
thought
 
represen-
the same
but not
time, to
operation of
has
It is now
to be
we may
on
to
the
thinking
act
of
the
what
takes, or
Forms are
—
concerned
exclu-
sively
with
the
Forms
of
emphati-
cally,
A
judgment,
be a
possess
selves
that
they
 
these
premises
do
the notion
whatever
pains
Sir
W.
any
I
protest
against,
is
the
doctrine
of
Sir
W.
Hamilton,
Mr.
is the
this,
of
Syllogistic
Logic,
no
other
are applicable
thought
should
bear
we have
but
of
our
beliefs
401
does
not
beloiio;
to
Logic,
to
govern
deliverance,
which
his
chiefly
details,
in
a
Philosophy
of
Evidence
and
of
the
Investigation
truth, by
preventing such
Induction,
is
that
or,
to
speak
more
clearly,
the
Evidence
were
could
essential
class.
A
little
more
kinds
of
The
type
of
pre-
mises
happen
to
be
false.
This
indirect
aid
condi-
nexion between one objective
of
of
true correlation
of Logic,
 
can
be
applications,
are,
according
to
: the
Law
a
fourth,
same
as
chapter
as this,
If we
need of
general
they arise. It
every
other
be
im-
last
postulating to be
affirmation.
(descending
to
is
to
upheld
as
the
principle
or
Principle
been,
no
spoke of
namely,
narrow
use
of
not
teach
us
the
incompatibility
patibility
principle
of
all
Eea-
soning,
so
far
as
contradict
the
premises,
Yalid
reasoning,
from
the
point
negative
conception
the
conclusion,
combined
with
the
truth
equivalents,
which
possibihty.
true. The
not
B,
is
warranted
required in
thing
at
making
a
thing
neither
to
to
more than phsenomena
it
impossible in
directly
is
enough
for
him
to
claim
of
inacces-
sible
to
the
human
gism,
Syllogisms
Pre-
dicate,
still
loftier
claims
time built
wondrous beauty,
sky
are,
I am
thinking only
other
notion
than
that
of
an
ox.
being
a
reasons
easily
shown,
us
is,
not
the
sensation
itself,
but
to
and
by
the
structure
of
language
this
can
have
it
now
contemplating
it
is
different
a
different
kind.
the
we necessarily reason, but
which any unwar-
in.
which
reasoning
was
directed
to
be
the
quantity.
does
not
exist
; a
word
the
team.
The
merciful
Nor is
this the
regard the
natural judgment.
the
attribute
struggles
the
of
merely
verbal
the
 
opposed to
extensive
mini-
hension
to
as
to the
quantify
the
subject,
in
the
far
It
requires
learner is
such as.
All
As
are
Bs,
is
spontaneously
quantified
correct representation and
thought may
or each of
the As is
some B. But
it is quite
at
all,
is
as
a
the syllogism
B.
what is
;
we
must
be
con-
tent
with
quantifying
such
propositions
as,
in
instead
of
illuminat-
ing,
and
the
other
true
or
any
make
Sir
W.
Hamilton
however
according
know the
con-
length of asserting (Appendix
propositions,
W. Hamilton does)
Mr. De Morgan's
two judgments which go to the
composition
of
 All
not
but
because,
have
said
so
some-
thing
and some (other)
of
discipline
in
Formal
Logic,
is
which
claims
to
 
old
form
from
its
by
quantifying
the
predicate ;
which
are
iden-
tified
All
The new
can countervail
feats of mental
cliapter
are
the
only
he
a disproof
be
the
formal
conclusions
but
if
admitted,
im-
inference
Hamilton
makes
a
faint
attempt
in the
convey, which
which
is
so
 
:
—
This is Formal Logic.
tween
thinker
one
truth has two
pro-
have
been
true
likewise.
them
the
the
is
exemplified
tive judgments
mutually comjDatible
cannot
subject, the
simple idea
that
every
Disjunctive
judgment
a
cate-
gorical
minor innova-
added
the
case,
the
ultimate
syllogism
would
Or there
 
this,
however,
Logicians
have
he means
or
altogether.
His
paradigm
in
B,
con-
clusion
from
; not from
those premises
combined with
No C
A is B
have
roundly
accused
him
writers. Since
it cannot
 
the
oppositcs,y6'//o?^,
Black is the
the contrary
of red.
misunderstood
could
not
have
imagined
the
distinction
yfj'ei,
n'avTia
opiCovrai.
eodem
Logic
from
the
purely
 
Homini
sic
opponitur,
magis
opponitur
frigidum, album
may
summum
treme
Opposites.
Casparus
Bartholinus
mutuo
pellunt
ab
support.
I
presume,
therefore,
the
proper
office
and
common
of
science
rid
of
by
merely
writing
the
propositions
in
impossible
any-
longer
to
say
; and if
which
objection
of
The
diffi-
culty,
general,
trine of
Leibnitz's Theodicee
more
theory is the
the
to
for earthl}^
it is.
the
of perception,
maxim,
the sun—that
to accept as
all.
that
the whole,
and all
is
their
attractions.
It
on
one
another
at
some,
were
final triumph
distance is intrinsi-
and that
less probable than the
rise.*
considerations,
yet
as
author comes across
;
 inconceivable
as
a
possibility.
that
 equally actlones in
distans, it is
require of him the retractation of his
axiom :
yet
 
author does not
the Law of
be,
how
can
have run
our
author's
contradiction in our idea of motion. But it is neither
logically
in
the
meta-
physical
discussion
whether
this
assumption
is
warrant-
through
an
infinitely
divisible
space,
requires
an
infinite
time.
infinite
time.
 What
to pass
divisible
a
real
contradiction
in
terms.
To
put
the
thing
in
another
way
divisible,
or
an
indivi-
sible
part
of
space.
If
position in
snying
that
we
cannot
of
Motion,
on
—Yet an inch
divisible
ad
infinitum,
 4.
an
infinite
can, ex termino,
a former
chapter, I
is
inconceiv-
able,
a
contradiction.
The
remaining
puzzles
another
entire
;
not,
these
and
a
a
is absurd.
But one infinity
obscurities
and
para-
doxes
in the
; and of the Feelings
the
pliaBiiomenon
in
though
an
eflfect.
At
events,
these
except
wdien
set
our
 
 
us
test
comments.
it
is
other,
 
—
 
both
cases,
all
is
there
for
affirming
? It is
that
alternative),
I
know
of
facts are
wlien
to
assert
 
of
 in
every
a
that
the
knowledge
given
by
of
cognition
but
result
of
phaBnomena
as
of
the
speculations
preserved. Nor
has he,
in any
of his
—
through
the
agency
only
loses
 
a
is accountable
for ac-
only inasmuch as he
The
would
of
the
theory
he
of
the eye
tire
series
Brown. They
all
of
come
to
close
quarters
with
cusably,
Fatalis-m.
The
truth
doctrine cannot
do without
be
carried
up
com-
plete
identity
in
conditions
unable
both
one
or
And
free
for
the
to show,
to
so
strongly
inculcates,
hypothesis
that
knowable, or
the
the case,
any necessity,
other than
a
priori
every event
as
a
numbers
sufficient
to
eliminate
the
determining
causes
accurately foretold,
said,
 
to
experience
reaches,
false
interpretation,
it
must
opposition to
conflict with
of
something
very
it is
causes,
have
been
they
de-
nied
moral
distinctions.
Few
persons
of
punishment
as
a
wrong, it is
to us by
those
come
to
experience of
is not
dependent on
this
purpose,
of
his
fellow
wrongdoer
account
by
anybody,
have
strong
two peculiar
the
good
and
the
regarded
as
he
cannot
help.
Not
if
on
the
will,
it
would
be
illegitimate,
however
its
justifi-
cation.
on
the
Necessitarian
theory,
are
pro-
the criminal
best moralists
society is
that
am
not
assuming,
in
the
from the
the principle
acted badly,
these circumstances
of forgetting?
is
quite
enough
to
make
the
spontaneous
against
the
alleged
self-evident
error,
that
in a
Whether
we
are
judging-
the
character
of
a
person,
we
tempta-
have
prevailed,
it
some remarks on the
in
a
 
attempt to
conduct,
but
amenable to our will
while
it
remains
so unless we
and Mr.
Mansel now,
ton's
on
this
chapter
I
wave
the
objection
the ass
also has
ass,
it
ceased
to
balance
dwelling
on
intermit
the
sensation
the strongest
motive, do
not mean
respect otherwise than we
the
causes
putting
other
acquired,
andjyro
tarito
 imfits
the
person
; but he
been
a
affairs
of
life,
; to
have
too
low
a
be-
One
of
the
commonest
and
in
practice,
is
to
overlook
the
stance
: whenever
he
diminishes while
notion
applied to
sensation-giving properties
of an
the mental
for
the
most
arduous
law
common
to
the
results
to the theory
and
of
the
faculty
of
gene-
of
and
 
the
inventive
powers
in the
severe
inventive
powers,
himself, and
which,
by
our
to
those
of
There is
in the
of
a
common
equation
conquer
the
discipline
to
the
study
the way
philosophical
student
ought
to
aud perhaps pre-
;
533
curve
or
surface
sought.
force,
is
the
space
through
of
given
magni-
are
thus
ascer-
tained,
reduced to
which we
the
laws
of
these
great
and
opera-
tion
is,
the ne-
dawn
while,
as
a
training
in
venture
to
understand
it
thoroughly,
who
has
of
his
Lectures
on
Logic,
and
begun
again
on
a
different
is
Descartes
is
other
than
mathematical.
ideal of
number of axiomatic
of
having
from
a
maxim
of
law.
If
tliis
deliver-
ances
the
mind.
The
smallest insight into
that
the
study
in
Free-
will.
only
versed
in
physical
force
of
whatever
Hamilton's
school,
existence is
suggested
of
Neptune
? nothing
a full
passage
which
sublimity
with
ease.
It
is
not
depth enough
opinion
of
a
great
poet
analysing,
de-
small,
taken b}^
spe-
cially
his
own.
His
merits,
as
impossible.
dition
imme-
diately
successive
doctrine
shown
to
involve
(Lectures,
i.
244)
that
to
perceive
a
comparison, and
; we
per-
that in pro-
seems not
consequences
suasion
of what
disregarded
in
that,
according
On
to himself.
The reader
enterprise
(such
is
now
operations)
meet
in
of
had
been
been
at-
like
the
unfinished
state
sophy
itself.
a
chemist
succeeds
together
two
substances
never
actually
Hamilton's
erudition
traordinary
accuracy,
the
on
if he had been
general
scope
and
purpose,
the
pervading
sense. Hume's
evidence of consciousness
but
as
a
filiation is more
one
common
principle.
Yet
Sir
W.
Hamilton
understands
them
so
ill,
giving
an
account
those
who
study
particular
opinions
of
;
was
a
dis-
as positive
did feel this
constitute
it
the
Sufficient
us
to
foretel
conduct
the
—that
tliere
is
no
nexus,
no
patient,
be-
tween
cause
and
effect,
or
can
know
of
their
follows
tlie
other.
But
is
before
my
lary
and
explanation
of
the
other :
spiritual being, a
not
com-
pletest
the
Sub-
stantise
Secundae
of
the
of
instance,
a
surprising
thing,
his
its
support.
—
out
connexion
with
his
more
of
them ;
without
be
made
accessible
to
students,
future
his-
there appeared
philosophical
questions
of those
same
volume
in
which
his
opinion
has
been
erroneously
stated,
forms
of
the
truth,
confounded
the
and an intuitive truth, which
had
never,
been distinguished
theory