ANATOMY

Lucía Fernández Rodríguez5ºC. CEIP San Sebastián

The human body

The human body contains some vitals organs, which are responsibles of the most important functions of the body. For example: The heart is responsible of pump the blood to the rest of the body; the lungs permit to breath, and the brain control’s and direct the other systems of the body.

Brain

Brain The brain is the biggest part of

the encephalus and is divided into two middles ( hemispheres). The external surface is thinner and is called cerebral cortex; it contains grey matter , and the internal cape contains white matter ( nervious fibre). Our behaviour conduct is produced in the cerebral cortex. The diferents zones of cerebral cortex control some functions such as: movement, vision, touch, and thougts….

CerebellusIt control’s the muscles, the equilibrium, the movements of the body and the position

The nervesThe nerves are like the cables of the body. They joint the brain with the rest of the body and they permit that the brain give orders at the different systems of the organism.

The heart

The heart is the principal organ of the circulatory system , it is inside of the thoracic box. It is formed of a cardiac muscle that it’s contract for pump the blood. It never stop beating.

The heartThe heart has four cameras, two auricles and two ventricles, and they are separated for the valves, that avoids the blood returns to the auricles.

Between the right auricle and ventricle is the tricuspid valve

And between the left auricle and ventricle is the mitral valve

The heartThe right side of the heart pumps the blood without oxygen to the lungs, where the cells of the blood exchange carbon dioxide for oxygen. This blood now with oxygen goes to the left side of the heart, where is pumped to the rest of the organism, giving the oxygen to our organs, tissues and cells.

Blood vesselsBlood vessels are tubes which transport blood through the circulatory system. There are three types:

Arteries: Are the blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart

Veins. Are the blood vessels which carry blood into the heart

Capillaries: are tiny blood vessels which connect arteries to veins

Blood circulationThere are two circulatory system:

Pulmonary or minor circulation: Blood leaves the heart through the pulmonary artery and in the lungs the blood gets oxygen and returns to the heart through the pulmonary veins

Systemic or major circulation: Blood with oxygen from the lungs leaves the heart through the aorta artery. It distributes oxygen to the body. At the end , it returns to the heart through the cave vein

The respiratory system

The lungs are inside of thoracic box, we can breath with them. The air come in and go out trought of that tube: the trachea.

When we breath, we fill the lungs with oxygen and then the oxygen travel to the rest of the body

The respiratory systemThe right lung has three lobules and the left lung has only two lobules. The trachea is divided in two principals bronchus, and each bronchus is divided in numerous branches called bronchioles, that are ended in the alveolar sacks, where exchange the oxygen with the carbon dioxide who is exhaled outside of the body because it is toxic for our organism

The digestive system

The digestive system converts the food into nutrients which our body can absorb.

First, the food is chewed in the mouth, then through the oesophagus , the food arrives to the stomach

The digestive system

The stomach store the food during some hours. In the stomach we have an acide(gastric juices) that digest the food and converts it in a “ soup” that arrives to the intestine. The intestine absorbes the nutrients of the food, and solid rests arrives to the colon and then to the outside

The excretory system

Excretion is the elimination of the waste substances of the body.

The kidneys filter the blood and produce urine. The urine through the ureters arrives to the bladder and through the urethra to the outside

The end