8/14/2019 Anatomical Terminology - King's.pdf

1/24

MBBS

Th3L03

AnatomicalTerminologyBarbaraWebb

8/14/2019 Anatomical Terminology - King's.pdf

2/24

IntroductiontoAnatomyTherearemanyaspectstotheorganisationofthehumanbodywhichyouwillbeintroducedtointhecourseofyourstudies.Inanatomytheaimsaretoconsiderthestructuresofthebody,theirrelationshipstoeachotherandtheirfunctions.

oac eve esea ms es ruc uresmay eexam ne rom eren v ewpo n s.These initiallywillincludemicroscopicandgrossanatomybutdevelopmental,medical,radiographicandsurgicalanatomywillalsobeconsidered.Grossanatomyconsidersthelargerstructuresandfeatureswhichcanbeseenbythelookingattheregionsofthebodye.g.thehead,thoraxetc,orsystematicallybyconsideringthemajororganssystemswhichinclude,amongstothers,the

.

Whichevermethodofstudyisuseditisimportanttolearnthelanguageofthesubjectsothatitis ossibletodiscussthestructures&functionsofthebod withoutambiguity.

8/14/2019 Anatomical Terminology - King's.pdf

3/24

TheAnatomicalPositionByconventionalldescriptionofthebodyassumesthatitis

standingerectwith:

1.Thetoespointing forward2.T eeyes irecte tot ehorizon3.T earmsare yt esi e4.Thepalmsofthehandsfaceorwar

8/14/2019 Anatomical Terminology - King's.pdf

4/24

Planesof

Sagittal: averticalplanedividingthebodyintorightandleftsides.Coronal:

a

vertical

plane

dividing

the

body

into

front

and

back

parts.

Transverse: anhorizontalplanedividingthebodyintoupperandlowerparts.

8/14/2019 Anatomical Terminology - King's.pdf

5/24

TermsofRelationship

Posterior Towardthebackofthebody

Inferior Towardthe

soles

of

the

feet

e a owar eme anp aneLateral AwayformthemedianplaneSuperficial Toward

the

surface

(skin)

Deep TowardtheinteriorofthebodyProximal TowardthetrunkDistal Away

from

the

trunk

Internal WithinabodycavityExternal OutsideabodycavityIpsilateral On

the

same

side

Contralateral Ontheoppositeside

8/14/2019 Anatomical Terminology - King's.pdf

6/24

LateralLateral Medial

rox ma uper or

Distal

Inferior

8/14/2019 Anatomical Terminology - King's.pdf

7/24

MovementsSeveraltermsareusedtodescribethemovementsofthebody.Allaredescribedwithreferencetotheanatomicalposition.Thesimplestmovementisglidingwheretwosurfacesslidepasteachother. Movementcan

.

Othermovementsoccurinpairsofoppositesandareeitherangularorrotationary.

Movements

8/14/2019 Anatomical Terminology - King's.pdf

8/24

Rotational Thereareanumberofspecialtermswhichapplytospecificjointsofthebody.

8/14/2019 Anatomical Terminology - King's.pdf

9/24

PrinciplesofAnatomicalOrganisationSkin

Theskincoverstheoutersurfaceofthebodyandtheinternalstructuresare

separated

by

connective

tissue

into

compartments.

Functions

1. Protection

2. Thermoregulation

. rov essensory n ormat ona outsurroundingenvironment

4. VitaminDsynthesis

8/14/2019 Anatomical Terminology - King's.pdf

10/24

StructureofSkin

8/14/2019 Anatomical Terminology - King's.pdf

11/24

Skin

es ncons s so ree ayers:1. Theepidermis2. Thedermis

. TheEpidermisTheepidermisiscomposedofthemaincelltypewhicharekeratinocytes(90%)andthreelessabundanttypes;melanocytes,Langerhanscells,andMerkelcells.

TheDermisComposedmostlyofconnectivetissuewithcollagenandelasticfibresandfibroblasts,macrophagesandadipocytes.Bloodvessels,nerves,glandsandhairfolliclesarepresentinthedermis.

8/14/2019 Anatomical Terminology - King's.pdf

12/24

SuperficialFasciaThesuperficialfasciaisfoundimmediatelybeneaththedermisandcontainscollagen&elasticfibresbutalsoavaryingamountoffat

Functions

excepting intheear&eyelid.

1. Storageofbothwater&fat.2. Protectionagainstmechanicalshockasthefat&wateractasa

3. Thermalinsulationasthefat&waterprovideaneffectivebarrieragainstrapidlossofbodyheat.

. on uct on,totransportnervesan oo vesse stot es n.

8/14/2019 Anatomical Terminology - King's.pdf

13/24

8/14/2019 Anatomical Terminology - King's.pdf

14/24

DeepFasciaBeneaththesuperficialfasciaisthedeepfasciawhichahighlyorganisedconnectivetissuelayerwhichinvestsdeepstructuresdividingthebodyintocompar men s. n e esuper c a asc a e eep asc acon a ns efatandthecollagenfibresaremoreorganisedrunninginparallelfashion.

Functions1. Conduction

Bloodvessels&nervesaretransportedviathefascias.

Muscleswrappedindeepfasciaareabletoslideovereachother.3. Attachmentforsomemuscles

Somemusclese.g.temporalis&somelimbmusclesgainpartialattachment

4. Capsulesaroundorgansandglands

8/14/2019 Anatomical Terminology - King's.pdf

15/24

FasciaoftheThigh

8/14/2019 Anatomical Terminology - King's.pdf

16/24

FasciaoftheLeg

8/14/2019 Anatomical Terminology - King's.pdf

17/24

SerousMembranesThreeserousmembraneslinetheinternalcavitiesofthebodyconsisting

.

1.The

Pleura

2.ThePericardium

Thesemembranesarethindoublelayeredstructureswiththeinnerthebodywall.

minimisedfrictionduringmovement.

8/14/2019 Anatomical Terminology - King's.pdf

18/24

Serous

8/14/2019 Anatomical Terminology - King's.pdf

19/24

BloodVessels

8/14/2019 Anatomical Terminology - King's.pdf

20/24

System

8/14/2019 Anatomical Terminology - King's.pdf

21/24

BloodPressure

8/14/2019 Anatomical Terminology - King's.pdf

22/24

VenousSystem

8/14/2019 Anatomical Terminology - King's.pdf

23/24

LymphaticSystem

8/14/2019 Anatomical Terminology - King's.pdf

24/24

ReviewQuestionsTerminology

Explainthemeaningofthefollowingwords:1. Psoas

2. Fibula

3. Atrium

4. Somite

5. Pectoral

Circulation

ExplaintheroleofvalvesinthecirculatorysystemUsing

two

named

arteries

explain

how

their

name

relates

to

the

region

in

which

they

are

oundandstatew ic regionst eyarecontinuouswit .

Fascia

Describethefasciasurroundingamusclecompartmentandexplainhowtheinvestingfasciaseparateseachmuscleinthecompartment