Anatomy and Physiology I

Orientation

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Objectives:• Identify 3 methods of contacting your instructor• Describe the parts of each Unit

– List student expectations for Readings, PreQuiz & PostQuiz, Seminars, Discussions, Assignments

• Define and identify the requirements for the Course Level Assessments (CLA).

• Explain the concept homeostasis. • Define feedback loops and state examples.

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Contacting Kim: Please don’t hesitate!

By email at: KGeorge@kaplan.edu. --- Fastest! Course Questions: Listed on the course home pageMy AIM messaging is “ProfKimGeorge”The minimum I check email and course questions is

every 24 hours and once on weekends.

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Course Announcements:• This is the first part of your course homepage• Any important information will be posted here as it

is my primary method of communicating with the whole class

• I post a review/preview of each Unit here on Wednesdays and describe the assignments of the Unit

• Please check the announcements when you log in to the class

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Class Structure:The class is divided into 10 UnitsOne Unit is covered each week – the week begins on Wednesday

and goes until the next Tuesday at midnightThe requirements of each Unit are outlined on the course home

pageEach Unit usually consists of:

#1 Required Reading #2 PreQuiz / PostQuiz#3 Discussion#4 Seminar #5 Assignment#6 Exams, i.e. Midterm, Final#7 Final Project

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#1 Readings

• You have assigned reading and exercises in your textbook for each Unit.

• The reading and exercises need to be completed prior to starting the other sections of the Unit

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#2 PreQuiz/PostQuiz:• PreQuiz Requirements:

– Must be taken from Wednesday through Saturday 11:59 PM ET– 40 Questions, one hour time limit– If you score 92% or higher, you are not required to take the post-

quiz for the unit or complete the seminar option 1 or 2. In some units, it also counts for the writing assignment. However, if you choose to attend seminar, take the post-quiz, and/or complete the assignment, the pre-quiz score is null and void and those individual grades will be recorded instead of the pre-quiz grade.

• PostQuiz Requirements:– If required, must be completed by Tuesday (midnight)– 20 Questions, 30 minutes time limit

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#3 Discussion Threads:• Each Unit will have 2 – 4 Discussion Questions• The student needs to post an initial scholarly

response to ONE of the questions no later than Saturday.

• Responses must be posted on two separate days.• A minimum of 3 responses (one initial and two

responses) are required for full credit.• Please review the grading rubric in the syllabus

for specific details to receive full credit for your discussions.

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#4 Seminar:• Flex Seminars: Seminar schedules have been

combined to offer students more options. You have the opportunity to attend a seminar during ANY one of four scheduled times for our class section. Please review the Seminar Instructions under the Course Home tab for complete instructions on the flex feature.

• You can complete Seminar Option 1 or Option 2. You DO NOT need to complete both. If you score 92% or higher on the pre-quiz prior to Saturday (midnight), you DO NOT need to complete ANY seminar requirement.

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Seminar Option 2:

• If you are unable to attend a seminar or do not qualify from the PreQuiz, you can use this option and earn all of your points.

• Answer the question listed under the Option 2 Assignment in the correct format and with a reference.

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#5 Assignment:• 1-2 pages or approximately 500 words written in Standard

American English using proper grammar and spelling• Title page and reference page required (not included in page

count)• Include ALL parts of the assignment, i.e. questions• Include at least 2 references other than the text in APA

format• Submit by midnight on Tuesday for each Unit (except 5 & 10)

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#6 Midterm & Final Exam:• Midterm - Unit 5– Includes Chapters 1-6–100 questions, 2 hours

• Final – Unit 10–100 questions, 2.5 hours–By the end of the course you will feel

prepared for this and it won’t be that bad. Really . . . it won’t!

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#7 Final Project:• Introduced in unit 5 --- due in Unit 9• 3-5 page essay, double-spaced, APA format, proper grammar and spelling,

title page, reference page (minimum of three not including text)• Content:

– Overview of the six organ systems studied in A&P I– In depth look at the function of ONE of those systems and its

relationship to the other body systems– Explain homeostasis and how two (of the eligible six) of the systems

work to maintain it in the body --- use examples!– NOTE: This is NOT a paper on a disease / disorder

• PLEASE review the CLA grading rubrics document located under the Doc Sharing tab!

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Late Work:• If you are unable to complete the Unit on time:– Contact me via email– Indicate by what date you can complete the

information– Required deduction for work being late (see

course syllabus.)– Any grade is better then a zero!!! Please keep in

touch with me. I will do my best to help you be successful.

– Establish set times to work on your class and this will help keep you from falling behind.

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The dog ate my homework:

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Homeostasis

Homeostasishome/o – same, like, equal-statos – stay, balanced-sis – process, state, condition

Tendency of an organism to maintain internal equilibrium. (Elias, 98)

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Anatomy & Physiology

AnatomyAnatomy – the study of the structure of body parts and their relationships to one another– Gross or macroscopic– Microscopic– Developmental

PhysiologyPhysiology – the study of the function of the body’s structural machinery

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Gross or Macroscopic Anatomy

RegionsRegions – all structures in one part of the body (such as the abdomen or leg)

SystemsSystems – gross anatomy of the body studied by system

SurfaceSurface – study of internal structures as they relate to the overlying skin

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Microscopic Anatomy: Think small

• Cell – basic structural unit of the body • Cells communicate• Our bodies are chemistry experiments

continually occurring• All of this is an attempt to maintain

“Homeostasis”

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The “Norm”

Factors homeostatically regulated include• Concentration of nutrient molecules• Concentration of water, salt, and other electrolytes• Concentration of waste products• Concentration of O2 = 100mmHg and CO2 = 40 mmHg

• pH = 7.35• Blood volume 4-6 L and pressure 120/80• Temperature = 37o C

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Maintaining• Homeostasis is continually being

disrupted by– External stimuli

• heat, cold, lack of oxygen, pathogens, toxins

– Internal stimuli• Body temperature• Blood pressure• Concentration of water,

glucose, salts, oxygen, etc.

• Physical and psychological distresses

• Disruptions can be mild to severe• If homeostasis is not maintained,

death may result

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Homeostasis

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Feedback Loops:

• Two Types Positive and Negative• These occur continuously within your body in

order to maintain equilibrium• Usually your body is doing a ‘smart’ thing with

the feedback loops. • However sometimes our body does ‘dim-

witted’ thing in an attempt to return to equilibrium

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• Negative feed back loop consists of:• Receptor - structures that monitor a controlled condition and detect

changes

• Control center - determines next action

• Effector– receives directions from the control center– produces a response that restores the controlled condition

Homeostasis examples:You decide to exercise and go for a jog.– Due to the exercise your body needs more oxygen– Your respiratory rate and pulse increase in order to

acquire and circulate more oxygen to the tissues (negative feedback)

– This results in more oxygen supplied to the tissues and the system returns to homeostasis.

What stimulates breathing?– Breathing is a mechanism influenced by homeostatic

mechanisms

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Homeostasis, con’t

• Respiratory Homeostasis– Other systems involved• Cardiovascular• Muscular• Lymphatic• Kidneys

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