anatomy of an atom nucleus – the central part of an atom made up of protons and neutrons. neutron...
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Anatomy of an Atom
Nucleus – The central part of an atom made up of Protons and Neutrons.
Neutron – Particle found in the nucleus which has No Electrical Charge, and a mass about the same size as a Proton.
Proton – Particle in the nucleus, which has a Positive Electrical Charge.
Electron – Particle that orbits the nucleus of an atom and has a Negative Electrical Charge. They move more rapidly around the outer areas of the atom. Their arrangement determines the chemical properties of an atom.
Atoms are made up of pieces
particle symbol“relative”
mass
“relative”
chargelocation
proton p+ 1 +1 nuclear
neutron no 1 0 nuclear
electron e- negligible -1 extra nuclear
“relative” vs. “absolute”
particle“relative”
mass
“absolute”
mass
“relative”
charge
“absolute”
charge
p+ 1 1.67 x 10-24 g +1 +1.60 x 10-19 C
no 1 1.67 x 10-24 g 0 0
e- negligible 9.09 x 10-28 g -1 -1.60 x 10-19 C
various atoms are arranged onThe Periodic TableThe Periodic Table
Over 100 various kinds of building blocks exist
Looking at an example we find all sorts of information.
6
CCCarbon
12.0111
Atomic Number
Symbol
Atomic Mass
Atomic numberAtomic number(a.k.a. proton number)
•Indicates the # of p+’s an atom has
•Identification Tag of the element
example: each and every C atom has 6 p+’s
5 p+’s would make it B
7 p+’s would make it N
SymbolSymbol•The abbreviated shorthand used to represent a particular atom
Rules
Atoms are represented by a 1, 2, or in some cases 3 letter Arabic letter code.
The 1st letter is always capitalized; the others (if there are any) are always expressed in the lower case.
Be careful using symbols
Po PO
Atomic MassAtomic Mass
• Indicates the amount of matter present in an atom
Mass = ( # p+) + ( # no) + (# e-) But considering the negligible mass of the electron
Mass = ( # p+) + ( # no)
Looking back at the original example:
6
CCCarbon
12.0111
# charge
p+ 6 + 6
no 6 0
e- 6 - 6
18 0
Example #2
47
AgAgSilver
107.8682
# charge
p+ 47 + 47
no 61 0
e- 47 - 47
155 0
Review problem #1Fill in the chart below
92
UUUranium
238.0289
# charge
p+
no
e-
Review problem #2How many protons are in the following atom?
10
NeNeNeon
20.1797
Review problem #3How many neutrons are in the following atom?
11
NaNaSodium
22.98977
Review problem #4How many electrons are in the following “neutral” atom?
3
LiLiLithium
6.941