anatomy test
TRANSCRIPT
ANATOMY_TESTYou have 642 questions in this exam.
1. Case study: A patient presents with a large, bilateral swelling in the middle of her throat (anterior neck). You diagnose a goiter (enlarged thyroid gland).
The thyroid gland is located in the_______ of the neck.A. Visceral spaceB. Submandibular triangleC. Carotid sheathD. Posterior triangleE. Retropharyngeal space
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Correct Answer: A
2. Case study: A patient presents with a large, bilateral swelling in the middle of her throat (anterior neck). You diagnose a goiter (enlarged thyroid gland).
Of the following statements about the thyroid gland, which is CORRECT?A. Its arterial supply is exclusively via the superior thyroid arteriesB. Its venous drainage is via the inferior thyroid veins onlyC. Its isthmus lies posterior to the tracheaD. The recurrent laryngeal nerves run along its posterior surfaceE. Normally, the thyroid gland is immobile
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Correct Answer: D
3. Case study: A patient presents with a large, bilateral swelling in the middle of her throat (anterior neck). You diagnose a goiter (enlarged thyroid gland).
If surgery is necessary to remove the patient's thyroid gland, what is the CORRECT order of anatomic structures encountered, from superficial to deep?A. Skin, investing fascia, pretracheal fascia, thyroid gland, parathyroid glandsB. Skin, pretracheal fascia, investing fascia, thyroid gland, parathyroid glandsC. Skin, pretracheal fascia, investing fascia, parathyroid glands, thyroid glandD. Skin, investing fascia, pretracheal fascia, thyroid gland, parathyroid glandsE. Skin, thyroid gland, pardthyroid glands, investing fascia, pretracheal fascia
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Correct Answer: A
4. Case study: A patient who had surgery in the left carotid triangle complained to her physician that she has little sense of touch to the skin over the left side of her neck and difficulty swallowing. The patient's hyoid bone is shifted (deviated) to the right side. The patient's tongue is not affected. The physician suspects that the cervical plexus of nerves to the left side of her patient's neck was harmed during the surgical procedure.
Loss of touch sensation to the skin over the anterior triangle would result from injury to which nerve?A. Lateral supraclavicular nerveB. Spinal accessory nerveC. Hypoglossal nerveD. Medial supraclavicular nerveE. Transverse cervical nerve
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Correct Answer: E
5. Case study: A patient who had surgery in the left carotid triangle complained to her physician that she has little sense of touch to the skin over the left side of her neck and difficulty swallowing. The patient's hyoid bone is shifted (deviated) to the right side. The patient's tongue is not affected. The physician suspects that the cervical plexus of nerves to the left side of her patient's neck was harmed during the surgical procedure.
The shifted position of the patient's hyoid bone to the right indicates loss of tone by muscles that attach to the hyoid bone on the left side of the neck. Of the following muscles, which muscle does NOT attach directly to the hyoid bone?A. Sternohyoid muscleB. Digastric muscleC. Sternothyroid muscleD. Thyrohyoid muscleE. Omohyoid muscle
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Correct Answer: C
6. Case study: A patient who had surgery in the left carotid triangle complained to her physician that she has little sense of touch to the skin over the left side of her neck and difficulty swallowing. The patient's hyoid bone is shifted (deviated) to the right side. The patient's tongue is not affected. The physician suspects that the cervical plexus of nerves to the left side of her patient's neck was harmed during the surgical procedure.
Identify the muscle that does NOT lower (depress) the hyoid bone.A. Sternohyoid muscleB. Digastric muscleC. Omohyoid muscleD. Thyrohyoid muscleE. None of the above muscles lower (depress) the hyoid bone
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Correct Answer: B
7. Case study: A patient who had surgery in the left carotid triangle complained to her physician that she has little sense of touch to the skin over the left side of her neck and difficulty swallowing. The patient's hyoid bone is shifted (deviated) to the right side. The patient's tongue is not affected. The physician suspects that the cervical plexus of nerves to the left side of her patient's neck was harmed during the surgical procedure.
Of the following nerves, which is embedded in the carotid sheath and therefore vulnerable to injury during surgical procedures to the carotid artery?A. Spinal accessory nerveB. Ansa cervicalisC. Cervical sympathetic chainD. Phrenic nerveE. Suprascapular nerve
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Correct Answer: B
8. Case study: A patient who had surgery in the left carotid triangle complained to her physician that she has little sense of touch to the skin over the left side of her neck and difficulty swallowing. The patient's hyoid bone is shifted (deviated) to the right side. The patient's tongue is not affected. The physician suspects that the cervical plexus of nerves to the left side of her patient's neck was harmed during the surgical procedure.
If an infection were to occur after such the surgical procedure and the infection reached the retropharyngeal space, could the infection track into the superior mediastinum?A. YesB. No
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Correct Answer: A
9. Case study: You are a second-year resident in neurology (time flies, doesn't it?). One of your patients is a teenager who sustained fractures to the base of his skull from a highspeed automobile crash. The patient was ejected from the vehicle because he was not wearing a seat belt. The skull fractures are primarily located along the base of the middle cranial fossa. A first-year medical student, on morning rounds with you, asks you to answer the following questions, after your neurological exam reveals that the patient has no sense of touch to the skin over his cheek (maxilla) and chin (mandible).
Which cranial nerve is normally responsible for sensation to both areas of the face that are affected in this patient?A. Abducens nerveB. Trigeminal nerveC. Facial nerveD. Glossopharyngeal nerveE. Hypoglossal nerve
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Correct Answer: B
10. Case study: You are a second-year resident in neurology (time flies, doesn't it?). One of your patients is a teenager who sustained fractures to the base of his skull from a highspeed automobile crash. The patient was ejected from the vehicle because he was not wearing a seat belt. The skull fractures are primarily located along the base of the middle cranial fossa. A first-year medical student, on morning rounds with you, asks you to answer the following questions, after your neurological exam reveals that the patient has no sense of touch to the skin over his cheek (maxilla) and chin (mandible).
What are the names of the foramina through which the two affected sensory branches leave the cranial cavity?A. Superior orbital fissure and foramen rotundumB. Foramen rotundum and foramen ovaleC. Foramen ovale and foramen spinosumD. Inferior orbital fissure and foramen rotundumE. Foramen ovale and the hiatus for the greater petrosal nerve
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Correct Answer: B
11. Case study: You are a second-year resident in neurology (time flies, doesn't it?). One of your patients is a teenager who sustained fractures to the base of his skull from a highspeed automobile crash. The patient was ejected from the vehicle because he was not wearing a seat belt. The skull fractures are primarily located along the base of the middle cranial fossa. A first-year medical student, on morning rounds with you, asks you to answer the following questions, after your neurological exam reveals that the patient has no sense of touch to the skin over his cheek (maxilla) and chin (mandible).
Where are the cell bodies of the affected general sensory nerves located?A. Cranial nerve I ganglionB. Cranial nerve VII ganglionC. Cranial nerve VIII ganglionD. Cranial nerve X ganglionE. Cranial nerve V ganglion
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Correct Answer: E
12. Case study: You are a second-year resident in neurology (time flies, doesn't it?). One of your patients is a teenager who sustained fractures to the base of his skull from a highspeed automobile crash. The patient was ejected from the vehicle because he was not wearing a seat belt. The skull fractures are primarily located along the base of the middle cranial fossa. A first-year medical student, on morning rounds with you, asks you to answer the following questions, after your neurological exam reveals that the patient has no sense of touch to the skin over his cheek (maxilla) and chin (mandible).
Is it reasonable to expect that general sensation to the front (anterior 2/3) of the patient's tongue is also lost?A. YesB. No
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Correct Answer: A
13. Case study: You are a second-year resident in neurology (time flies, doesn't it?). One of your patients is a teenager who sustained fractures to the base of his skull from a highspeed automobile crash. The patient was ejected from the vehicle because he was not wearing a seat belt. The skull fractures are primarily located along the base of the middle cranial fossa. A first-year medical student, on morning rounds with you, asks you to answer the following questions, after your neurological exam reveals that the patient has no sense of touch to the skin over his cheek (maxilla) and chin (mandible).
Would you expect the patient to have taste at the posterior 1/3 of his tongue?A. YesB. No
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Correct Answer: A
14. Case study: You are a second-year resident in neurology (time flies, doesn't it?). One of your patients is a teenager who sustained fractures to the base of his skull from a highspeed automobile crash. The patient was ejected from the vehicle because he was not wearing a seat belt. The skull fractures are primarily located along the base of the middle cranial fossa. A first-year medical student, on morning rounds with you, asks you to answer the following questions, after your neurological exam reveals that the patient has no sense of touch to the skin over his cheek (maxilla) and chin (mandible).
A sharp blow to the side of the head, over the temporal region, is frequently associated with rupture of the principal artery that supplies the meninges. What is the name of the artery?A. Basilar arteryB. Anterior cerebral arteryC. Cavernous sinusD. Middle meningeal arteryE. Posterior meningeal artery
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Correct Answer: D
15. Aqueous humor:A. Is the only source of nutrients for the ciliary bodyB. Is the only source of nutrients for the irisC. Is produced in the posterior chamberD. Replaces spent vitreous humorE. Is the only source of nutrients for the lens of the eye
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Correct Answer: E
16. Some fibers from the hypoglossal nerve have cell bodies that synapse in the submandibular ganglion.A. TRUEB. FALSE
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Correct Answer: B
17. Of the following statements about the ventricular system of the brain, which is FALSE?A. It consists of the two lateral ventricles and the midline third and fourth ventriclesB. Cerebrospinal fluid is secreted by the choroid plexus; the latter being located in the superior sagittal sinusC. Cerebrospinal fluid drains from the fourth ventricle through one median aperture and paired lateral apertures into the subarachnoid space known as the cisterna magnaD. Cerebrospinal fluid circulates within and around the brain and spinal cordE. The main site of cerebrospinal fluid absorption into the venous system is through the arachnoid granulations
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Correct Answer: B
18. Post-ganglionic sympathetic fibers innervating the dilator pupillae muscle begin in the:A. Ciliary ganglionB. Superior cervical ganglionC. BrainD. Trigeminal ganglionE. Spinal cord (T1 - L2)
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Correct Answer: B
19. The internal acoustic meatus contains nerves that have all of the following functions, EXCEPT:A. ParasympatheticB. General sensoryC. Special senseD. MotorE. Sympathetic
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Correct Answer: E
20. The oculomotor nerve innervates all of the following, EXCEPT the:A. Superior rectus muscleB. Ciliary muscleC. Medial rectus muscleD. Lateral rectus muscleE. Sphincter pupillae muscle
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Correct Answer: D
21. Which of the following statements about the glossopharyngeal nerve is FALSE?A. Some of its fibers pass through the foramen ovale to enter the infraternporal fossaB. Some of its fibers pass through the middle earC. The lesser petrosal nerve contains pre-ganglionic parasympathetic fibers that are destined for the otic ganglionD. A sign of deficit in this nerve is loss of taste to the anterior 2/3 of the tongueE. This nerve probably contributes to the gag reflex because it provides some general sensory innervation to portions of the pharynx
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Correct Answer: D
22. The vocal ligaments:A. Are formed by the superior free edge of the cricothyroid ligamentB. Are formed by the junction of the aryepiglottic and thyroepiglottic ligamentsC. Are formed by the inferior free edge of the thyrohyoid ligamentD. Contain the cricothyroid muscleE. Are attached to the superior margin of the epiglottis
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Correct Answer: A
23. Which of the following cranial nerves does NOT pass through the cavernous sinus?A. IIIB. IVC. VID. VIIIE. VII
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Correct Answer: D
24. Choose the INCORRECT combination of connections.A. Facial vein, inferior ophthalmic vein, pterygoid venous plexusB. Frontal sinus, middle meatusC. Middle meatus, lacrimal canaliculiD. Chorda tympani, submandibular ganglionE. VIII, mental nerve
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Correct Answer: C
25. All of the following statements about the superior laryngeal nerve are true, EXCEPT:A. It is a branch of the vagus nerveB. It supplies general sensory innervation to the mucosa above the vocal cordsC. Some of its fibers are motor fibersD. One of its branches accompanies the superior laryngeal artery into the larynxE. It supplies the cricoarytenoid muscle
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Correct Answer: E
26. The ophthalmic artery uses which of the following foramina to reach the eye?
A. Optic canalB. Foramen spinosumC. Superior orbital fissureD. Foramen rotundumE. Inferior orbital fissure
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Correct Answer: A
27. Care must be taken during surgery of the parotid gland so as not to damage the:A. External carotid arteryB. Chorda tympani nerveC. Greater petrosal nerveD. Main trunk of VIIIE. Levator labii alequae nasi muscle
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Correct Answer: A
28. Inability of a patient to gaze directly to the right with both eyes simultaneously could indicate deficits in which of the following combinations:A. The medial rectus muscle of the right eye and cranial nerve VI on the left sideB. The lateral rectus muscle of the left eye and the inferior rectus muscle of the right eyeC. The medial rectus muscle of the right eye and cranial nerve IV on the left sideD. The lateral rectus muscle of the right eye and cranial nerve III on the left sideE. Left cranial nerve VI and right cranial nerve V
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Correct Answer: D
29. Nerves associated with the middle ear and tympanic membrane include all of the following, EXCEPT:A. Branches of the facial nerveB. Branches of the glossopharyngeal nerveC. Branches of VID. Branches of VIIIE. Sympathetic fibers
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Correct Answer: C
30. Case study: Each lettered area (A-E) may be used once, more than once, or not at all.
What statement is FALSE about the nerve that supplies general sensory innervation to the area marked A?A. It is a branch of VIIIB. It gives general sensory innervation to the parotid gland alsoC. It is a purely sensory nerveD. It will encircle the middle meningeal arteryE. Taste fibers from the glossopharyngeal nerve will join with it
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Correct Answer: E
31. Case study: Each lettered area (A-E) may be used once, more than once, or not at all.
Voluntary muscles contained in the submucosal layer in the area marked B, are innervated by:A. The (long) buccal nerveB. The buccal branch of the facial nerveC. The cervical branch of the facial nerveD. The temporal branch of the facial nerveE. The infraorbital nerve
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Correct Answer: B
32. Case study: Each lettered area (A-E) may be used once, more than once, or not at all.
The artery that supplies the mandibular teeth and gingiva is the inferior alveolar artery. The inferior alveolar artery is a direct branch of an artery that terminates in what area of the figure?A. CB. DC. ED. FE. G
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Correct Answer: B
33. Case study: Each lettered area (A-E) may be used once, more than once, or not at all.
The difference in the blood supply between area A and area C is that area A receives blood supply from branches of the external carotid artery whereas area C receives blood supply from branches of the internal carotid artery.A. TRUEB. FALSE
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Correct Answer: A
34. Identify the DISCORDANT pair of matched cranial nerves and foramina:A. Olfactory nerve: cribriform plate of the ethmoid boneB. Optic nerve: optic foramen canal of the sphenoid boneC. Facial nerve: internal auditory meatus of the temporal boneD. Hypoglossal nerve: jugular foramen of the occipital boneE. Facial nerve: stylomastoid foramen of the temporal bone
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Correct Answer: D
35. The thyroarytenoid muscles:A. Abduct the vocal cordsB. Adduct the vocal cordsC. Are innervated by the external laryngeal nervesD. Relax the vocal cords
E. All of the above are true
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Correct Answer: D
36. The palatoglossal arch contains a muscle that is innervated by what cranial nerve?A. XIIB. XC. VIIID. IXE. VII
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Correct Answer: B
37. General sensory innervation of the cornea:A. Is supplied by VIIIB. Is supplied by VIC. Is supplied by the oculomotor nerveD. Is supplied by the facial nerveE. Enters the eyeball exclusively through short ciliary nerves
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Correct Answer: B
38. Identify the drainage pattern for the dural venous sinuses that is NOT direct (sequential):A. Superior sagittal sinus to the confluens of sinusesB. Inferior sagittal sinus to the straight sinusC. Transverse sinus to the sigmoid sinusD. Sigmoid sinus to the origin of the internal jugular veinE. Superior sagittal sinus to the cavernous sinus
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Correct Answer: E
39. A tumor compressing structures in the pterygopalatine fossa would affect all of the following, EXCEPT:A. Blood supply to the nasal cavityB. Blood supply to the soft palateC. General sensory innervation to the incisor teethD. Parasympathetic innervation to the lacrimal glandE. Taste to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue
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Correct Answer: E
40. Case study: MRI detected an aneurysm associated with the lingual artery in the floor of the mouth. You will attempt to locate and surgically repair this vascular defect.
The lingual artery is usually a direct branch of what artery?A. Maxillary arteryB. Internal carotid arteryC. External carotid arteryD. Facial arteryE. Sphenopalatine artery
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Correct Answer: C
41. Case study: MRI detected an aneurysm associated with the lingual artery in the floor of the mouth. You will attempt to locate and surgically repair this vascular defect.
By ligating the artery with the aneurysm for surgical repair, what structure will experience decreased blood flow?A. The mandibular teethB. The skin of the lower lipC. The parotid glandD. The sublingual glandE. The masseter muscle
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Correct Answer: D
42. Case study: MRI detected an aneurysm associated with the lingual artery in the floor of the mouth. You will attempt to locate and surgically repair this vascular defect.
If the surgical approach is from inside the mouth, what muscle would you have to go through to reach the main portion of the lingual artery?A. Styloglossus muscleB. Hyoglossus muscleC. Geniohyoid muscleD. Mylohyoid muscleE. Anterior belly of the digastric muscle
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Correct Answer: B
43. For what anatomical reason can infections in the skin of the face, scalp or diploic bone of the neurocranium reach the dural venous sinuses?A. Valves do not exist in the veins of the face, scalp or diploic bone and they communicate directly with the dural venous sinusesB. Arteries to the face, scalp and diploic bone communicate directly with arteries to the brainC. Capillaries of the face, scalp and diploic bone communicate directly with capillaries of the brainD. Arteries to the face, scalp and diploic bone communicate directly with veins from the brainE. Valves exist in the arteries of the face, scalp or diploic bone that function to direct blood to the dural venous sinuses
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Correct Answer: A
44. Inability to shift the mandible to the left would indicate paralysis of theA. Right lateral pterygoid muscleB. Left medial pterygoid muscleC. Left lateral pterygoid muscleD. Right medial pterygoid muscleE. Right temporalis muscle
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Correct Answer: A
45. A child with a history of a cold and sore throat, a bulging, inflamed tympanic membrane and a severe ear ache probably suffers from an infection of the middle ear (otitis media). What is the most probable path that the infection took to arrive in the middA. External acoustic meatus, through tympanic membrane, middle earB. Mastoid air cells, through tympanic membrane, middle earC. Cavernous sinus, internal acoustic meatus, inner ear, through oval window, middle earD. Pharynx, pharyngotympanic tube, through tympanic membrane, middle earE. Pharynx, pharyngotympanic tube, middle ear
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Correct Answer: E
46. Ligation of the maxillary artery will completely cut off the blood supply to the pharynx.A. TRUEB. FALSE
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Correct Answer: B
47. The dural venous sinuses are located between which matched structures listed below?A. Neurocranium and the periosteal layer of the dura materB. Periosteal and meningeal layers of the arachnoid materC. Carotid sheathD. Meningeal and periosteal layers of the dura materE. Pia mater and the brain
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Correct Answer: D
48. The malleus:A. Is in direct contact with the oval windowB. Is in direct contact with the tympanic membraneC. Lies between the incus and the oval windowD. Provides a point of insertion for the stapedius muscleE. None of the above
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Correct Answer: B
49. The sphincter pupillae muscle:A. Contracts when it receives signals from post-ganglionic sympathetic fibersB. Contracts when it receives signals originating from the otic ganglionC. Contracts when it receives post-ganglionic parasympathetic fibers that originate in the ciliary ganglionD. Dilates when it receives signals from the facial nerveE. Is an extension of the sclera of the eyeball
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Correct Answer: C
50. The middle meningeal artery is a branch of the:A. Occipital arteryB. Maxillary arteryC. Sphenopalatine artery
D. Internal carotid arteryE. Lingual artery
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Correct Answer: B
51. All of the following statements about the ophthalmic artery are true, EXCEPT:A. It gives off a branch that is the sole arterial supply for the retinaB. It enters the orbit through the optic canalC. It has long posterior ciliary branches that run in the choroid layer of the retinaD. One of it's terminal branches is the infraorbital arteryE. It gives off a branch to the lacrimal gland
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Correct Answer: D
52. Which statement is FALSE concerning the venous drainage of the head?A. The facial vein has communications with the cavernous sinusB. The facial vein drains into the internal jugular veinC. The superficial temporal and maxillary veins join to form the external jugular veinD. The facial vein has communications with the pterygoid plexusE. The retromandibular vein has an anterior and posterior division
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Correct Answer: C
53. Of the following intrinsic muscles of the larynx, which tenses (stretches) the vocal folds?A. Posterior cricoarytenoid muscleB. Lateral cricoarytenoid muscleC. Thyroarytenoid muscleD. Transverse arytenoid muscleE. Cricothyroid muscle
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Correct Answer: E
54. The infratemporal fossa communicates with the cranial cavity via the foramen rotundumA. TB. F
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Correct Answer: B
55. The oculomotor nerve innervates all of the following, EXCEPT the:A. Inferior oblique muscleB. Dilator pupillae muscleC. Medial rectus muscleD. Inferior rectus muscleE. Ciliary muscle
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Correct Answer: B
56. Which statement is FALSE about the parotid gland?A. It has a duct that pierces the buccinator muscleB. It's pre-ganglionic parasympathetic fibers synapse in the otic ganglionC. It encases the facial nerve and it's motor branchesD. It's secretions empty directly into the floor of the mouthE. It is traversed by the retromandibular vein
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Correct Answer: D
57. Acting together, the sternocleidomastoid muscles will flex the head forwardA. TB. F
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Correct Answer: A
58. The cranial dura has septal reflections. Of the reflections that are listed below, identify the one that encloses both the superior and inferior sagittal sinuses:A. Flax cerebriB. Flax cerebelliC. Tentorium cerebelliD. Diaphragma sellaeE. None of the above
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Correct Answer: A
59. All of the following nerves exit the cranial cavity through the jugular foramen, EXCEPT the:A. Accessory nerveB. Hypoglossal nerveC. Glossopharyngeal nerveD. Vagus nerveE. None of these nerves exit through the jugular foramen
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Correct Answer: B
60. If the right sixth cranial nerve is cut in half, which of the following movements of the right eye is lost?A. ElevationB. DepressionC. Lateral gazeD. Medial gazeE. None of these motions are lost
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Correct Answer: C
61. The facial nerve supplies parasympathetic innervation to all of the following structures, EXCEPT the:A. Lacrimal glandB. Submandibular glandC. Sublingual gland
D. Parotid glandE. Mucosal lining of the nasal cavity
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Correct Answer: D
62. The nasolacrimal duct empties into the:A. Sphenoethmoidal recessB. Inferior meatusC. Middle meatusD. Maxillary sinusE. Infundibulum
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Correct Answer: B
63. The palatoglossus and levator palatini muscles are both innervated by:A. V3B. XC. XIID. IXE. XI
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Correct Answer: B
64. The only nerve that does NOT pass through the cavernous sinus is:A. The oculomotor nerveB. The trochlear nerveC. V3D. V1E. The abducens nerve
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Correct Answer: C
65. Fibers running in the nerve of the pterygoid canal are:A. Purely sensoryB. Pre- ganglionic sympathetic and pre-ganglionic parasympatheticC. Pre-ganglionic sympathetic and post-ganglionic parasympatheticD. Post-gangiionic sympathetic and pre-ganglionic parasympatheticE. Destined to synapse in the otic ganglion
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Correct Answer: D
66. Which cranial nerve: foramen pair is INCORRECTLY matched?A. Optic nerve: Optic canalB. Maxillary division of V: Foramen spinosumC. Abducens nerve: Superior orbital fissureD. Mandibular division of V: Foramen ovaleE. Hypoglossai nerve: Hypoglossal canal
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Correct Answer: B
67. All of the following statements are true about the superior cervical ganglia, EXCEPT:A. They are located near C1 vertebraB. They are the largest of the cervical sympathetic gangliaC. They contribute fibers to a plexus that will eventually reach structures in the eyeD. Fibers leaving these ganglia are usually pre-ganglionicE. Fibers from these ganglia that reenter the ventral rami of cervical nerves do so exclusively via gray communicating rami
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Correct Answer: D
68. General sensory innervation of the lacrimal gland is:A. Supplied by V1B. Supplied by V2C. Supplied by the oculomotor nerveD. Supplied by the facial nervesE. Contained in short ciliary nerves
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Correct Answer: A
69. The anterior cranial fossa contains all of the following foramina, EXCEPT the:A. Anterior ethmoidal foraminaB. Foramina in the cribriform plateC. Optic canalsD. Foramen cecumE. Posterior ethmoidal foramina
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Correct Answer: C
70. The rectus capitus anterior muscle is innervated by ventral rami from what cervical spinal levels?A. C1, C2B. C3, C4C. C4, C5D. C1, C2, C3, C4E. C3, C4, C5
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Correct Answer: A
71. Branches of the external carotid artery in the neck include all of the following, EXCEPT the:A. Superior thyroid arteryB. Lingual arteryC. Costocervical trunkD. Ascending pharyngeal arteryE. Facial artery
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Correct Answer: C
72. The posterior communicating artery of the cerebral arterial circle (of Willis) directly connects the posterior cerebral artery to the:A. Anterior communicating arteryB. Ophthalmic arteryC. Internal carotid arteryD. Anterior cerebral arteryE. Vertebral artery
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Correct Answer: C
73. The recurrent laryngeal nerves are vulnerable to injury duringsurgical procedures in the neck. If a recurrent laryngeal nerve is severed (cut), which intrinsic muscle of the larynx will be spared on the same side as the cut?A. Cricothyroid muscleB. Oblique arytenoid muscleC. Thyroarytenoid muscleD. Posterior arytenoid muscleE. Lateral cricoarytenoid muscle
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Correct Answer: A
74. The following statements about the anterior scalene muscle are true, EXCEPT:A. It attaches onto the first ribB. It laterally flexes the neckC. It anteriorly flexes the neckD. The subclavian artery usually passes posterior to itE. It is contained in the submandibular triangle
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Correct Answer: E
75. The descending palatine artery arises within the:A. Pterygopalatine fossaB. Infratemporal fossaC. Infraorbital canalD. Temporal fossaE. Cranial cavity
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Correct Answer: A
76. A landmark that is NOT usually identifiable by merely looking at your patient is the:A. Laryngeal prominenceB. Jugular notchC. Inferior border of the mandibleD. Hyoid boneE. Clavicle
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Correct Answer: D
77. All of the following muscles are innervated by V3, EXCEPT the:A. Masseter muscleB. Temporalis muscleC. Buccinator muscleD. Mylohyoid muscleE. Anterior belly of the digastric muscle
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Correct Answer: C
78. Which of the statements about the carotid body is true?A. It is located at the bifurcation of the maxillary and superficial temporal arteriesB. It senses changes in blood pressureC. It is innervated by the glossopharyngeal nerveD. It is a swelling in the walls of the carotid arteryE. It is an aggregate of lymphoid tissue
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Correct Answer: C
79. A muscle that is contained exclusively in the anterior triangle of the neck is the:A. Sternocleidomastoid muscleB. Platysma muscleC. Omohyoid muscleD. Digastric muscleE. Trapezius muscle
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Correct Answer: D
80. The vestibulocochlear organ (internal ear) consists of the bony labyrinth, perilymph, membranous labyrinth, and endolymphA. TB. F
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Correct Answer: A
81. The oculomotor nerve has both motor and special sensory functionsA. TB. F
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Correct Answer: B
82. Which of the following muscles is NOT innervated by either a cranial nerve or ventral ramus from the cervical plexus?A. Splenius capitis muscleB. Omohyoid muscleC. Sternocleidomastoid muscleD. Medial scalene muscleE. Anterior belly of the digastric muscle
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Correct Answer: A
83. Sensory innervation to the mandibular teeth and bone is supplied by the:A. Posterior superior alveolar nerveB. Greater palatine nerveC. Buccal nerveD. Inferior alveolar nerveE. Auriculotemporal nerve
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Correct Answer: D
84. Fibers that exit the pterygopalatine ganglion include all of the following, EXCEPT:A. Post-ganglionic parasympathetic fibersB. General sensory fibers from V2C. Post-ganglionic sympathetic fibersD. General sensory fibers from V3E. None of these fibers exit the pterygopalatine ganglion
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Correct Answer: D
85. Nerves that contain taste fibers include all of the following, EXCEPT the:A. Chorda tympani nerveB. Glossopharyngeal nerveC. Distal (lower) 1/3 of the lingual nerveD. Inferior alveolar nerveE. Greater palatine nerve
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Correct Answer: D
86. Ligation of the maxillary artery will completely cut off the blood supply to the palateA. TB. F
Show answer
Correct Answer: B
87. The lateral cricoarytenoid and aretynoid muscles have similar action on the vocal folds. What is the common action?A. AdductionB. AbductionC. RelaxationD. StretchE. Twist
Show answer
Correct Answer: A
88. The ciliary muscle:A. Relaxes when it receives parasympathetic innervation from CN VIIB. Contracts when it receives parasympathetic innervation from CN VIIC. Contracts when it receives parasympathetic innervation from CN IIID. Tenses the suspensory ligaments of the lens when it contractsE. Causes the lens to become more round when it relaxes
Show answer
Correct Answer: C
89. All of the following nerves are involved in innervation of the pharynx, EXCEPT the:A. Trigerninal nervesB. Facial nervesC. Glossopharyngeal nerves ,D. Vagus nervesE. Sympathetic nerves
Show answer
Correct Answer: B
90. The anterior chamber of the eye is:A. Filled with vitreous humorB. Where the lens is locatedC. Is separated from the posterior chamber by the irisD. Contains the optic discE. Where aqueous humor is secreted
Show answer
Correct Answer: C
91. Which statement about the muscles that move the auditory ossicles and tympanic membrane is FALSE?A. The tensor tympany muscle attaches to the malleusB. The nerve supply to the tensor tympany muscle arises from the 7th cranial nerveC. The tensor tympany muscle tenses the tympanic membrane by pulling the handle of the malleus mediallyD. The stapedius muscle attaches to the stapesE. The stapedius muscle prevents excessive movement of the stapes
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Correct Answer: B
92. Which of the following nerves does NOT originate from the ansa cervicalis?A. Nerve to the sternothyroidB. Transverse cervical nerveC. Nerve to the superior belly of the omohyoidD. Nerve to the sternohyoidE. None of these nerves arise from the ansa cervicalis
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Correct Answer: B
93. The pathway for conduction of sound includes all of the following, EXCEPT:A. Collection of sound waves by the auricle
B. Movement of the tympanic membraneC. Movement of the auditory ossiclesD. Vibrations of the perilymph are transmitted to the basilar membraneE. Bending of the hair cells in the utricle and saccule
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Correct Answer: E
94. Cerebrospinal fluid is formed by the arachnoid villi along the superior sagittal sinusA. TB. F
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Correct Answer: B
95. Blood supply to the pharynx includes branches of all the following arteries, EXCEPT the:A. Facial arteriesB. External carotid arteriesC. Maxillary arteriesD. Vertebral arteriesE. Ascending pharyngeal arteries
Show answer
Correct Answer: D
96. Case study: Use the following figure of the skull with protruded tongue to answer the next 2 questions. Each answer may be used once, more than once, or not at all.
In the figure, the deviation of the tongue is evidence of damage to the right hypoglossal nerveA. TB. F
Show answer
Correct Answer: B
97. Case study: Use the following figure of the skull with protruded tongue to answer the next 2 questions. Each answer may be used once, more than once, or not at all.
The principal muscle producing the tongue movement depicted in the figure is the:A. Geniohyoid muscleB. Styloglossus muscleC. Genioglossus muscleD. Palatoglossus muscleE. Hyoglossus muscle
Show answer
Correct Answer: C
98. Into which lettered area do the terminal branches of the lacrimal nerve (V) emerge?A. (from figure)
B. (from figure)C. (from figure)D. (from figure)
Show answer
Correct Answer: A
99. Into which lettered area do the terminal branches of the buccal nerve (V) emerge?A. (from figure)B. (from figure)C. (from figure)D. (from figure)
Show answer
Correct Answer: C
100. Which statement is true about the nerve labeled D?A. It will give motor fibers to the platysma muscleB. It emerges onto the surface through the anterior triangleC. It is a purely sensory nerveD. It is branch of the spinal accessory nerveE. It arises from dorsal rami of cervical spinal nerves
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Correct Answer: C
101. The arterial pulse that is found in front of the upper part of the ear is from theA. transverse facial ateryB. facial arteryC. superficial temporal arteryD. posterior auricular arteryE. maxillary artery
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Correct Answer: C
102. In surgery of the thyroid gland, the external laryngeal nerve may be injured and must be identified before ligating theA. inferior thyroid arteryB. superior thyroid srteryC. superior pharyngeal arteryD. inferior laryngeal arteryE. ascending palatine artery
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Correct Answer: B
103. The parotid duct reaches the oral vestibule by piercing theA. masseter muscleB. buccinator muscleC. levator anguli oris muscleD. superior pharyngeal constrictor muscleE. middle pharyngeal constrictor muscle
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Correct Answer: B
104. The mucosa of the larynx inferior to the true vocal folds receives its innervation from theA. recurrent laryngeal nerveB. superior laryngeal nerveC. external branch of superior laryngeal nerveD. internal branch of superior laryngeal nerveE. none of the above
Show answer
Correct Answer: A
105. Case study: Match each numbered question with the most appropiate lettered area (A-E). A letter may be used once, more than once, or not at all.
Trauma to this region would be most likely to result in an epi or extradural hematoma.A. AB. BC. CD. DE. E
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Correct Answer: E
106. Case study: Match each numbered question with the most appropiate lettered area (A-E). A letter may be used once, more than once, or not at all.
Intersection of the sagittal and coronal sutures.A. AB. BC. CD. DE. E
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Correct Answer: B
107. Case study: Match each numbered question with the most appropiate lettered area (A-E). A letter may be used once, more than once, or not at all.
Site of attachment of the sternocleidomastoid muscle.A. AB. BC. CD. DE. E
Show answer
Correct Answer: A
108. Case study: Match each numbered question with the most appropiate lettered area (A-E). A letter may be used once, more than once, or not at all.
Region crossed by the auriculotemporal nerve.A. AB. BC. CD. DE. E
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Correct Answer: D
109. Injury to the right hypoglossal nerve will result in the tongue deviating to the ____ upon protrusion.A. rightB. leftC. middleD. roof of mouthE. none of the above
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Correct Answer: A
110. All of the following structures course immediately beside or pass through the parotid gland, except theA. nerve supply to the obicularis oculi muscleB. blood supply to the anterior temporal regionC. nerve supply to the musculature of the tongueD. lymph nodes draining the cheek and upper eyelidE. veins draining the pterygoid muscles
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Correct Answer: C
111. To test for trochlear nerve (CN IV) damage, have the patient gazeA. in (medially.) then downB. in, then upC. out (laterally), then downD. out, then upE. in, then out.
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Correct Answer: A
112. Which of the following muscles is innervated by cranial nerve XII?A. geniohyoidB. mylohyoidC. palatoglossusD. hyoglossusE. stylopharyngeus
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Correct Answer: D
113. The piriform recess is locatedA. above the palatine tonsil
B. beneath the middle nasal conchaC. on either side of the larynx, within the laryngopharynxD. posterior to the salpingopharyngeal folds, within the nasopharynxE. between the glossoepiglottic folds
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Correct Answer: C
114. What functions are carried out by the sympathetic innervation in the head and neck?A. Increased salivation, pupillary dilationB. Decreased salivation, puplliary constrictionC. Vasoregulation, sweating, pupillary constrictionD. Vasoregulation, sweating, pupillary dilationE. All of the above are true
Show answer
Correct Answer: D
115. The following structures can be easily palpated in a live subject, except theA. hyoid boneB. sternocleidomastoid muscleC. pulse of the common carotid arteryD. styloid process of the temporal boneE. thyroid cartilage
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Correct Answer: D
116. You have a patient with an infection in the mastoid air cells. The infection probably entered directly through theA. torus tubarisB. umboC. semicircular canalsD. external auditory canalE. epitympanic recess
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Correct Answer: E
117. The scalenus medius muscleA. lies anterior to the roots of the brachial plexusB. lies anterior to the subclavian arteryC. is located immediately posterior to the phrenic nerveD. separates the subclavian artery from the subclavian veinE. none of the above
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Correct Answer: E
118. Which of the following arteries is not correctly paired with the artery from which it branches?A. inferior thyroid artery - thyrocervial trunkB. superior laryngeal artery - lingual arteryC. occipital artery - external carotid arteryD. vertebral artery - subclavian artery
E. inferior alveolar artery - maxillary artery
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Correct Answer: B
119. Identify the incorrect statement about the fascial planes of the neck.A. They form natural lines of cleavage between compartments of the neck.B. They limit the spread of pus from infections in the neck.C. The pretracheal fascia forms the "roof" (superficial limiting membrane) of the anterior and posterior triangles of the neck.D. Infections in the retropharyngeal space may spread into the superior mediastinum.E. The retropharyngeal space is a potental space between the prevertebral fascia and buccopharyngeal fascia.
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Correct Answer: C
120. Case study: Match each numbered question with the most appropriate lettered area (A-E). A letter may be used once, more than once, or not at all.
Depresses the larynx.A. AB. BC. CD. DE. E
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Correct Answer: C
121. Case study: Match each numbered question with the most appropriate lettered area (A-E). A letter may be used once, more than once, or not at all.
Paralysis of this muscle results in weakness in turning the head to the left.A. AB. BC. CD. DE. E
Show answer
Correct Answer: D
122. Case study: Match each numbered question with the most appropriate lettered area (A-E). A letter may be used once, more than once, or not at all.
Region where the internal laryngeal nerve enters the larynx.A. AB. BC. CD. DE. E
Show answer
Correct Answer: A
123. Case study: Match each numbered question with the most appropriate lettered area (A-E). A letter may be used once, more than once, or not at all.
Innervated by the facial nerve.A. AB. BC. CD. DE. E
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Correct Answer: E
124. CSF passes into the circulatory system across a small, meningeal process called _____ which are found in the ______.A. arachnoid granulations - lateral ventriclesB. arachnoid granulations - superior sagital sinusC. Choroid plexus - lateral, third, and fourth ventriclesD. Choroid plexus - subarchnoid cisternsE. choroid plexus - superior sagitall sinus
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Correct Answer: B
125. Opening the vocal cords is produced by theA. cicrothyroid muscle.B. posterior cricoarytenoid muscle.C. transverse arytenoid muscleD. thyroarytenoid muscle.E. none of the above.
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Correct Answer: B
126. Choose the correct statement.A. The hard palate is formed by portions of the maxillary and the sphenoid bones.B. Elevation of the soft palate is achieved by a muscle innervated by the glossopharyngeal nerve.C. A muscle which both elevates the pharynx and pulls the soft palate down is innervated by CNXII.D. Blood to the pharynx is supplied by branches from the external carotid, facial, and maxillary arteries.E. The nerves involved with the paryngeal plexus are cranial nerves IX, X, XII, and pre-ganglionic sympathetic.
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Correct Answer: D
127. The structure located at the center of the tympanic membrane, representing attachment of the manubrium of the malleus to the membrane is the ____.A. pars tensaB. malleolar prominenceC. malleolar foldsD. umboE. cone of light
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Correct Answer: D
128. Directing the gaze downward when the eye is abducted requires theA. lateral rectus muscleB. inferior rectus muscleC. superior oblique muscleD. inferior oblique muscleE. medial rectus muscle
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Correct Answer: B
129. Most (about 80%) of the blood to the dura mater is supplied by the _____ artery which enters the middle cranial fossa through the _____.A. middle meningeal artery; foramen spinosumB. anterior meningeal artery; anterior ethmoid foramenC. vertebral arteries; foramen magnumD. posterior meningeal artery; jugular foramenE. internal carotid arteries; carotid canals
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Correct Answer: A
130. The artery which is the sole supply for the retina is theA. lacrimal arteryB. opthalmic arteryC. central artery of the retinaD. anterior ciliary arteryE. posterior ethmoidal artery
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Correct Answer: C
131. The occipital artery, as it arises from the external carotid artery, normally has which nerve associated with it laterally?A. hypoglossal nerve (cranial nerve XII)B. glossopharyngeal nerve (cranial nerve IX)C. carotid nerveD. vagus nerve (cranial nerve X)E. auriculotemporal branch of the trigeminal nerve (cranial nerveV3)
Show answer
Correct Answer: A
132. The temporomandibular joint usually dislocates anteriorly. Which of the following statements is not relevant to this condition?A. dislocation usually occurs during opening of the mouthB. the head of the mandible moves anteriorlyC. the articular disc moves posteriorlyD. dislocation may accompany fractures of the mandibleE. dislocation can be caused by contraction of the lateral pterygoid muscles during a yawn
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Correct Answer: C
133. The pterygoid venous plexus drains the infratemporal fossa via theA. external jugular veinB. internal jugular veinC. posterior auricular veinD. maxillary veinE. superficial temporal vein
Show answer
Correct Answer: D
134. All of the following structures lie in close proximity to the trachea, EXCEPT theA. recurrent laryngeal nerveB. inferior thyroid arteryC. esophagusD. internal laryngeal nerveE. common carotid artery
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Correct Answer: D
135. The pterygomandibular raphe serves as an attachment for which of the following muscles?A. buccinator and superior constrictorB. middle constrictor and medial pterygoidC. superior constrictor and lateral pterygoidD. middle constrictor and lateral pterygoidE. superior constrictor and medial pterygoid
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Correct Answer: A
136. The true and false vocal folds extend from the _____ to the _____.A. thyroid cartilage; cricoid cartilagesB. cricoid cartilage; arytenoid cartilagesC. thyroid cartilage; arytenoid cartilagesD. arytenoid cartilages; epiglottic cartilagesE. none of the above
Show answer
Correct Answer: C
137. If you are doing a myringotomy on one of your patients for recurrent otitis media (infection of the middle ear), it would be best to incise the tympanic membrane in the inferior-posterior quadrant.A. TRUEB. FALSE
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Correct Answer: A
138. The ostium of the maxillary sinus opens into theA. sphenoethmoidal recessB. superior meatus
C. middle meatusD. inferior meatusE. bulla ethmoidalis
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Correct Answer: C
139. Muscles which depress or flatten the tongue include theA. styloglossusB. palatoglossusC. hyoglossusD. transverse intrinsic musclesE. none of the above
Show answer
Correct Answer: C
140. The medial boundary of the infratemporal fossa is formed by theA. styloid process of the temporal boneB. medial pterygoid plate of the sphenoid boneC. lateral pterygoid plate of the sphenoid boneD. infratemporal surface of the maxillary boneE. zygomatic arch
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Correct Answer: C
141. Choose the CORRECT match of nerves of the orbit and their actionA. short ciliary nerve entirely sensory from the eyeballB. lacrimal nerve sensory from the medial part of the upper eyelidC. frontal nerve sensory from the foreheadD. oculomotor nerve secretion of tearsE. nasociliary nerve parasympathetic innervation of the superior tarsal muscle
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Correct Answer: C
142. The duct of the submandibular gland empties into the oral cavityA. at the base of the tongue via foramen caecumB. opposite the lower second molar toothC. via several small openings along the sublingual foldD. beside the lingual frenulum through the sublingual caruncleE. opposite the maxillary second molar tooth
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Correct Answer: D
143. The facial vein is a clinically important vein for all of the following reasons EXCEPTA. it has valves to direct venous flow unidirectionally toward the neckB. it connects to the cavernous sinusC. it carries blood from the nose and lipsD. it connects to the pterygoid plexus of veinsE. its drainage field includes the medial canthus of the eye
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Correct Answer: A
144. The muscle whose action is to dampen movement of the stapes is innervated by theA. chorda tympani nerveB. trigeminal nerveC. facial nerveD. vagus nerveE. cranial nerve VIII
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Correct Answer: C
145. Which of the following does NOT pass through the space labeled "A"?A. oculomotor nerveB. superior ophthalmic veinC. frontal nerveD. opthalmic arteryE. abducens nerve
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Correct Answer: D
146. Damage to the facial nerve at the stylomastoid foramen would affectA. facial expressionB. taste from the anterior two-thirds of the tongueC. salivationD. sensation from the eyebrowsE. lacrimation
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Correct Answer: A
147. The hyoid bone serves as attachment for which of the following muscles?A. middle pharyngeal constrictorB. inferior pharyngeal constrictorC. sternothyroidD. genioglossusE. none of the above
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Correct Answer: A
148. Of the following statements about the lymphatic drainage of the head and neck, which is INCORRECT?A. the superficial structures of the head drain into groups of lymph nodes that form a ring around the headB. lymphatic pathways generally follow those taken by vascular structuresC. superficial lymphatics connect with upper and lower deep cervical lymph nodesD. efferent lymphatics from the deep lymph nodes drain into the venous system where the internal jugular and subclavian veins joinE. most of the superficial lymph nodes cannot be palpated when they are inflammed
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Correct Answer: E
149. Arterial blood reaches the face directly or indirectly via branches of all of the following arteries EXCEPT theA. facial arteryB. transverse facial arteryC. superficial temporal arteryD. maxillary arteryE. inferior thyroid artery
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Correct Answer: E
150. The following nerve does not lie in the posterior triangle of the neck.A. phrenic nerveB. brachial plexus trunkC. descendens cervicalisD. spinal accessory nerveE. accessory phrenic nerve
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Correct Answer: C
151. For a tracheotomy, a vertical midline incision in the neck just below the thyroid cartilage must cut through what muscles?A. no musclesB. thyrohyoid muscleC. sternothyroid muscleD. sternohyoid muscleE. all of the above
Show answer
Correct Answer: A
152. The submandibular triangle is bordered by the mandible and two bellies of the digastric muscle, the anterior belly of whichA. is innervated by the facial nerveB. runs from the hyoid bone tothe angle of the mandibleC. is innervated by the mylohyoid boneD. aids in closing the mandibleE. none of the above
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Correct Answer: C
153. Secromotor stimulus to the parotid glandA. originates in the glossopharyneal nerveB. passes through the tympanic plexus and via the auriculotemporal nerveC. synapses in the otic gangliaD. all of the aboveE. none of the above
Show answer
Correct Answer: D
154. Which of the following is true of the opthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve?A. it provides sensory innervation for most of the globe and motor innervation tosmooth muscle in the globeB. the opthalmic nerve as a single structure does not reach the interior of the globeC. it passes through the inferior orbital fissureD. it follows the optic nerve and enters the bony orbit with itE. one of its branches gives motor innervation to the lacrimal gland
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Correct Answer: B
155. What functions are carried out by the sympathetic innervation in the head and neck?A. increased salivation, pupillary dilationB. decreased salivation, pupillary constrictionC. vasoregulation, sweating, pupillary constrictionD. vasoregulation, sweating, pupillary dilationE. all of the above are true
Show answer
Correct Answer: D
156. What structure forms the floor of the posterior triangle of the neck?A. infrahyoid musclesB. prevertebral fasciaC. the 3 scalenes musclesD. investing fasciaE. pretracheal fascia
Show answer
Correct Answer: B
157. The common carotid artery usually bifurcates into the external and internal carotids at which one of the following levels?A. C2B. C4C. C6D. C7E. C8
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Correct Answer: B
158. The fascial plane enclosing the muscles forming the borders of the posterior triangle of the neck is theA. retropharyngeal fasciaB. prevertebral fasciaC. investing fasciaD. pretracheal fasciaE. superficial fascia
Show answer
Correct Answer: C
159. Which is a true statement concerning the vagus nerve at the root of the neck?A. it passes anterior to both subclavian artery and subclavian veinB. it passes posterior to the subclavian vein but anterior to the subclavian arteryC. it passes posterior to both subclavian vein and arteryD. None of the above
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Correct Answer: B
160. The lingual artery in the carotid triangle is crossed twice by what nerve?A. mylohyoidB. glossopharyngealC. hypoglossalD. superior laryngealE. vagus
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Correct Answer: C
161. The nerve fibers which parallel the course of and are found immediately deep to the carotid sheath in the neck form theA. vagus nerveB. ansa cervicalisC. sympathetic chainD. recurrent laryngeal nerveE. hypoglossal nerve
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Correct Answer: C
162. The nerves and blood vessels to the scalp are found in which layer?A. skinB. connective tissueC. aponeurosisD. loose areolar connective tissueE. pericranium
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Correct Answer: B
163. Which of the following structures does not pass through the jugular foramen?A. jugular bulbB. cranial nerve VIIIC. cranial nerve IXD. cranial nerve XE. cranial nerve XI
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Correct Answer: B
164. All of the following are found in the lateral wall of the cavernous sinus except forA. the trochlear nerveB. the maxillary nerve
C. the abducens nerveD. the ophthalamic nerveE. the oculomotor nerve
Show answer
Correct Answer: C
165. All of the following are true concerning the chorda tympani except forA. it is a branch of the facial nerveB. it carries taste from the anterior 2/3 of the tongueC. it carries postganglionic parasympathetic fibers to the submandibular ganglionD. it joins the lingual nerveE. it passes through the tympanic cavity
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Correct Answer: C
166. The thyroid gland in some cases may have a thyroid ima artery that supplies the isthmus of the thyroid. If present it would take origin from theA. inferior thyroid arteryB. directly from the thyrocervical trunkC. superior thyroid arteryD. brachiocephalic trunkE. directly from the subclavian artery
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Correct Answer: D
167. Transmits vertebral arteryA. jugular foramenB. foramen spinosumC. foramen magnumD. internal acoustic meatusE. foramen ovale
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Correct Answer: C
168. Transmits facial nerveA. jugular foramenB. foramen spinosumC. foramen magnumD. internal acoustic meatusE. foramen ovale
Show answer
Correct Answer: D
169. Transmits vagus nerveA. jugular foramenB. foramen spinosumC. foramen magnumD. internal acoustic meatusE. foramen ovale
Show answer
Correct Answer: A
170. Transmits vestibular nerveA. jugular foramenB. foramen spinosumC. foramen magnumD. internal acoustic meatusE. foramen ovale
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Correct Answer: D
171. Transmits dura materA. jugular foramenB. foramen spinosumC. foramen magnumD. internal acoustic meatusE. foramen ovale
Show answer
Correct Answer: C
172. Transmits accessory meningeal arteryA. jugular foramenB. foramen spinosumC. foramen magnumD. internal acoustic meatusE. foramen ovale
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Correct Answer: E
173. All of the following are part of the circular chain of lymph nodes except for theA. submental nodesB. submandibular nodesC. parotid nodesD. jugulo-digastric nodesE. occipital nodes
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Correct Answer: D
174. Case study: You have been chosen as part of a select crew to embark on a fantastic voyage into the cranial cavity via a miniature submarine that will be injected into the facial vein. You have been appointed as navigator and must provide the most direct route to the cavernous sinus.
For the following (3) questions, list in proper sequence the three structures you must pass through in order to get to the cavernous sinus.
FirstA. pterygoid plexusB. maxillary vein
C. deep facial veinD. emissary vein through foramen ovaleE. retromandibular vein
Show answer
Correct Answer: C
175. Case study: You have been chosen as part of a select crew to embark on a fantastic voyage into the cranial cavity via a miniature submarine that will be injected into the facial vein. You have been appointed as navigator and must provide the most direct route to the cavernous sinus.
For the following (3) questions, list in proper sequence the three structures you must pass through in order to get to the cavernous sinus.
SecondA. pterygoid plexusB. maxillary veinC. deep facial veinD. emissary vein through foramen ovaleE. retromandibular vein
Show answer
Correct Answer: A
176. Case study: You have been chosen as part of a select crew to embark on a fantastic voyage into the cranial cavity via a miniature submarine that will be injected into the facial vein. You have been appointed as navigator and must provide the most direct route to the cavernous sinus.
For the following (3) questions, list in proper sequence the three structures you must pass through in order to get to the cavernous sinus.
ThirdA. pterygoid plexusB. maxillary veinC. deep facial veinD. emissary vein through foramen ovaleE. retromandibular vein
Show answer
Correct Answer: D
177. The anterior division of the mandibular nerve is motor except for theA. buccal nerveB. deep temporal nerveC. nerve to lateral pterygoidD. masseteric nerveE. A and B
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Correct Answer: A
178. The mandibular nerve exits the cranial cavityby way of theA. foramen magnumB. foramen ovaleC. foramen rotundumD. foramen hallucidumE. foramen spinosum
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Correct Answer: B
179. What is the innervation of the msucle which lies immediately superficial to the anterior belly of the digastricA. mylohyoid nerveB. facial nerveC. hypoglossal nerveD. transverse cervical nerveE. none of the above are correct
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Correct Answer: B
180. Which of the following does not contribute to the formation of the cerebral arterial circle (of Willis)?A. posterior cerebral arteryB. posterior communicating arteryC. anterior cerebral arteryD. anterior communicating arteryE. middle communicating artery
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Correct Answer: E
181. Choose the one false statement concerning the scalp.A. the scalp has innervation from V1 and V2B. the scalp has innervation from V1 and V3C. the spinal nerves to the scalp are from both ventral and dorsal primary ramiD. the spinal nerves to the scalp are only from anterior primary ramiE. the scalp receives motor innervation from the facial nerve
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Correct Answer: D
182. The buccinator muscle is innervated byA. a buccal branch of the mandibular nerveB. a buccal branch of the facial nerveC. a buccal branch of the maxillary nerveD. a buccal branch of the hypoglossal nerveE. none of the above
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Correct Answer: B
183. The ansa cervicalis is formed by the ventral roots ofA. C3, 4, 5B. C2, 3, 4C. C1, 2, 3D. none of the above
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Correct Answer: C
184. In a patient, the eyelid was drooping and the pupil dilated. Which nerve could be involved in this lesion?A. oculomotor nerveB. trochlear nerveC. abducens nerveD. long ciliary nerveE. frontal nerve
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Correct Answer: A
185. Which of the following nerve is not a branch of the ophthalmic division (VI) of the trigeminal nerve?A. supratrochlear nerveB. lacrimal nerveC. short ciliary nerveD. long ciliary nerveE. nasociliary nerve
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Correct Answer: C
186. The ganglia that is found on the medial side of the mandibular trunk of the trigeminal nerve receives its preganglionic parasympathetic fibers from theA. chorda tympani nerveB. facial nerveC. vagus nerveD. trigeminal nerveE. glossopharyngeal nerve
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Correct Answer: E
187. The boundaries of the carotid triangle are theA. sternomastoid, omohyoid, and trapeziusB. sternomastoid, omohyoid, and clavicleC. sternomastoid, omohyoid, and sternohyoidD. sternomastoid, omohyoid, and posterior belly of digastricE. none of the above
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Correct Answer: D
188. The bone of the skull which contains the foramen ovale is theA. sphenoid boneB. ethmoid boneC. frontal boneD. temporal boneE. zygomatic bone
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Correct Answer: A
189. The cell bodies of the parasympathetic preganglionic nerve fibers to the ciliary muscle of the accomodation are located in theA. thoracic spinal cord segmentsB. superior cervical ganglionC. brainD. ciliary ganglionE. facial nerve
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Correct Answer: C
190. Which of the following cranial nerves is not a part of the cranial parasympathetic system?A. vagus nerveB. glossopharygeal nerveC. oculomotor nerveD. trigeminal nerveE. facial nerve
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Correct Answer: D
191. The two vessels which are directly joined by the superior petrosal sinus are theA. inferior petrosal and cavernous sinusesB. sphenoparietal and transverse sinusesC. sigmoid and superior sagittal sinusesD. cavernous and transverse sinusesE. superior sagittal and inferior petrosal sinuses
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Correct Answer: D
192. The artery off the thyrocervical trunk which passes medially over the first portion of the vertebral artery is theA. suprascapularB. transverse cervicalC. inferior thyroidD. internal thoracicE. deep cervical
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Correct Answer: C
193. The ocular muscle on whose superior surface the frontal nerve is situated has the following actionA. elevation of the eyeballB. elevation of the upper eyelidC. temporal rotation of the eyeballD. nasal rotation of the eyeballE. adduction of the eyeball
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Correct Answer: B
194. The collateral circulation between the carotid system and the subclavian system would take place
through which matching set of arteries? (Pick the best obvious answer_A. occipital and posterior arteriesB. lingual and superior thyroid arteriesC. lingual and facial arteriesD. vertebral and inferior thyroid arteriesE. superior thyroid and inferior thyroid arteries
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Correct Answer: E
195. Of the following structures listed below, which one would not be endangered by a surgeon operating on the parotid gland for a tumor?A. branches of the auriculotemporal nerveB. facial nerveC. lingual nerveD. external carotid arteryE. retromandibular vein
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Correct Answer: C
196. Which cervical spinal nerves give rise to the motor nerve over which the suprascapular artery passes to enter the posterior triangle of the neck?A. C2 and C3B. C1, C2, and C3C. C2, C3, C4, and C5D. C3, C4, and C5E. C6, C7, and C8
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Correct Answer: D
197. Into what larger vessel does the vein usually empty which drains the inferior pole of the thyroid gland?A. internal jugular veinB. brachiocephalic veinC. subclavian veinD. external jugular veinE. vertebral vein
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Correct Answer: B
198. The nerve that is responsible for sensory innervation to the cornea is via theA. short ciliary nerveB. oculomotor nerveC. long ciliary nerveD. supratrochlear nerveE. anterior ethmoidal nerve
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Correct Answer: C
199. The name of the bone that the internal carotid artery enters to reach the intercranial cavity is the
A. frontal boneB. occipital boneC. sphenoid boneD. temporal boneE. maxillary bone
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Correct Answer: D
200. A 44 year old woman finds a bump in the axillary tail of her right breast. She subsequently has a mammogram. A carcinoma is detected. The physician's record states that an irregular mass was felt in the upper outer quadrant of the right breast at the ten o'clock position, approximately 2 cm from the areola. The following statements are TRUE, EXCEPT:A. Interference with the lymphatic drainage of the breast may have occurred in the right axillary regionB. Lymphatic vessels may have carried cancer cells from the breast to the right axillary lymph nodesC. Malignant cells from the right axillary lymph nodes may have dislodged and entered the venous system primarily through the thoracic ductD. The breast cancer may have produced a leatherlike, thickened appearance of the overlying skinE. If surgical procedures require partial removal of the breast (i.e., lumpectomy) in the right axillary region, the lateral cutaneous branches of the 4th through 6th intercostal nerves may be damaged
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Correct Answer: C
201. The following statements are TRUE regarding muscles of the thoracic wall, EXCEPT:A. The serratus anterior muscle is paralyzed when the long thoracic nerve is injuredB. Damage to the medial pectoral nerve causes paralysis of both the pectoralis major and minor musclesC. The pectoralis minor muscle is a useful surgical landmark for structures in the axilla because its attachment to the coracoid process forms a "bridge" superficial to the axillary vessels and brachial plexusD. Respiration is adversely affected when the dorsal rami that innervate the serratus posterior superior muscles are severedE. The distal attachment of the subclavius muscle is on the inferior surface of the clavicle where the subclavius provides some protection to the subclavian artery when the clavicle fractures
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Correct Answer: D
202. When a physician inserts a hypodermic needle through an intercostal space to remove fluid from the pleural cavity (i.e., thoracocentesis), the needle is inserted inferior to the rib to avoid damage to the intercostal nerves and vesselsA. TrueB. False
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Correct Answer: B
203. The xiphisternal joint is an important clinical landmark because it is a midline marker for the upper limit of the liver, the central tendon of the diaphragm, and the inferior border of the heartA. TrueB. False
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Correct Answer: A
204. Rib counting along the anterior chest wall in physical examinations starts with the second pair of ribs adjacent to the easily palpable sternal angle (i.e., angle of Louis)A. TrueB. False
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Correct Answer: A
205. The following are TRUE statements regarding the thoracic apertures, EXCEPT:A. From an anatomical standpoint, the superior thoracic aperture is synonymous with the thoracic inletB. The superior thoracic aperture is bounded anteriorly by the superior border of the manubriumC. The posterior landmark of the inferior thoracic aperture is the 12th thoracic vertebraD. The superior thoracic aperture is much more spacious than the inferior thoracic apertureE. The esophagus passes through both the superior and inferior thoracic apertures
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Correct Answer: D
206. The following statements are TRUE regarding the intrinsic back muscles, EXCEPT:A. Their nerve supply comes from the dorsal rami of spinal nervesB. The transversospinal muscle group contains the multifidus muscle bundles that normally span 5-7 vertebraeC. The rotatores are best developed in the thoracic regionD. The intermediate layer of intrinsic back muscles consists of the erector spinae muscle group, the chief extensor of the vertebral columnE. Acting unilaterally, the erector spinae muscles laterally bend and rotate the torso to the side of the contracting muscles
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Correct Answer: B
207. Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding regional characteristics of the vertebral column:A. The circumference of the vertebral foramen is greatest in the thoracic regionB. The spinous processes of lumbar vertebrae are long, thin, and point inferiorlyC. Primary curvatures of the adult vertebral column are seen in the thoracic and sacral regionsD. Transverse foramen are normally present in C7 and T1 vertebraeE. All of the statements above are true
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Correct Answer: C
208. Lower back pain is often a result of protusion of a nucleus pulposus posterolaterally where the anulus fibrosis is relatively thin and not covered by the posterior longitudinal ligamentA. TrueB. False
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Correct Answer: A
209. The following statements are TRUE regarding abnormal curvatures of the vertebral column, EXCEPT:A. Kyphosis is an accentuation of the secondary cervical curvatureB. Scoliosis is often a result of a difference in the length of the lower limbsC. Obesity can cause lower back pain and lordosis because of the increased weight of the abdominal contents (i.e., "potbelly")
D. Kyphosis can result in elderly patients from erosion of the body of one or more vertebraeE. Scoliosis is abnormal lateral curvature of the vertebral column
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Correct Answer: A
210. The following muscles attach to the transverse processes of the vertebrae, EXCEPT the:A. Levator scapula muscleB. Rhomboid major muscleC. Semispinalis muscleD. Levator costarum muscleE. Splenius cervicus muscle
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Correct Answer: B
211. The following are TRUE statements regarding the cervical vertebrae, EXCEPT:A. C7 is called the vertebra prominensB. The atlas has no spinous processC. A distinguishing feature of the axis is the blunt toothlike dens (odontoid process)D. The spinous processes of C3-C6 are bifidE. The transverse processes lack foramena
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Correct Answer: E
212. A 46 year old male is diagnosed with congestive heart failure resulting from cardiac tamponade (i.e., excessive pericardial fluid in the pericardial cavity). The tamponade is due to fluid leakage from the pericardial capillaries. Contributions of fluid may arise from all of following arteries, EXCEPT the:A. Pericardiophrenic arteriesB. Musculophrenic arteriesC. Esophageal arteriesD. Superior phrenic arteriesE. None of the above may have contributed fluid
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Correct Answer: E
213. Pain from the pericardium is often conveyed by the phrenic nerves to the skin of the ipsilateral supraclavicular region (top of shoulder on the same side)A. TrueB. False
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Correct Answer: A
214. Congenital abnormalities of the interatrial septum (i.e., atrial septal defects) are most often due to incomplete closure of the _______________:A. Fossa ovalisB. Coronary sinusC. Ductus arteriosisD. Foramen ovaleE. Inferior vena cava
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Correct Answer: D
215. A patient presents himself to the emergency room with severe angina (i.e., chest pain). Upon cardiac catherization, it is found that he has a signficant occlusion in his right coronary artery, just distal to the right sinus of the aortic valve. His collateral circulation is minimal. The following arteries may have reduced blood flow, EXCEPT the:A. Right (acute) marginal arteryB. Atrioventricular nodal arteryC. Posterior interventricular arteryD. Sinuatrial nodal arteryE. Anterior interventricular artery
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Correct Answer: E
216. Regarding the chambers of the normal heart (i.e., atria and ventricles), the following structures are matched with their specific chamber. Select the DISCORDANT pair:A. Thick myocardium - Left ventricleB. Conus arteriosus (infundibulum) - Right ventricleC. Coronary sinus - Right atriumD. Septal papillary muscle - Left ventricleE. Crista terminalis - Right atrium
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Correct Answer: D
217. The following statements about the thoracic duct are TRUE, EXCEPT:A. It drains lymph from the entire head and neckB. It carries lymph centrally to the bloodstreamC. It may enter the left subclavian veinD. It may enter the left internal jugular veinE. It starts in the abdominal cavity as a dilation called the cisterna chyli
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Correct Answer: A
218. When examining a normal aortic angiogram, all of the following are TRUE, EXCEPT:A. The left common carotid artery arises from the aortic archB. The brachiocephalic trunk divides into the right common carotid and right subclavian arteriesC. The right internal thoracic artery arises from the right subclavian arteryD. The left subclavian artery arises from the aortic archE. None of the above are true statements
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Correct Answer: E
219. All of the following are direct branches of the thoracic aorta, EXCEPT the:A. Posterior intercostal arteriesB. Anterior intercostal arteriesC. Esophageal arteriesD. Superior phrenic arteriesE. Some of the bronchial arteries
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Correct Answer: B
220. When obstruction of the inferior vena cava occurs, the azygos vein offers an alternative means of venous drainage to the heartA. TrueB. False
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Correct Answer: A
221. The following statements are TRUE regarding the vessels of the superior mediastinum, EXCEPT:A. The right brachiocephalic vein is over twice as long as the left brachiocephalic veinB. The superior vena cava returns blood to the right atrium from all the structures superior to the diaphragm with the exception of the heart and lungsC. The usual branches of the arch of the aorta include the brachiocephalic trunk, left common carotid artery, and the left subclavian arteryD. The ligamentum arteriosum passes from the root of the left pulmonary artery to the inferior surface of the arch of the aortaE. The superior vena cava is located to the right of the trachea
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Correct Answer: A
222. An aneurysm in the arch of the aorta could affect all of the following structures, EXCEPT the:A. Left recurrent laryngeal nerveB. Left vagus nerveC. Left subclavian arteryD. Left common carotid arteryE. Hemiazygos vein
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Correct Answer: E
223. The following structures are located in the posterior mediastinum, EXCEPT the:A. EsophagusB. TracheaC. Thoracic aortaD. Hemiazygos veinE. Thoracic duct
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Correct Answer: B
224. The subdivision of the nervous system that is involved with the innervation of skeletal muscles and the conscious senses of hot, cold, pain, and touch is the ___________ nervous system:A. CentralB. Special SensoryC. PeripheralD. AutonomicE. Motor
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Correct Answer: C
225. Concerning spinal nerves, select the DISCORDANT pair:A. Cervical nerves: 7 pairsB. Thoracic nerves: 12 pairsC. Lumbar nerves: 5 pairsD. Sacral nerves: 5 pairsE. Coccygeal nerves: 1 pairs
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Correct Answer: A
226. Select the FALSE statement about the autonomic nervous systemA. It is the visceral motor system of the bodyB. It innervates smooth muscle, the sinuatrial node of the heart, and glandsC. The efferent nerve fibers and ganglia are organized into sympathetic and parasympathetic divisionsD. Conduction of impulses from the CNS to the effector organ involves only one neuron in both divisionsE. The sympathetic division mediates the so-called fright, fight, flight responses
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Correct Answer: D
227. The __________ are prolonged from the pia mater, penetrate through the arachnoid mater, and attach to the inner suface of the dura mater along its lateral aspectsA. Subdural trabeculaeB. Denticulate ligamentsC. Epidural trabeculaeD. All of the aboveE. None of the above
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Correct Answer: B
228. The neurovascular bundle within each intercostal space lies:A. Between the external and internal intercostal musclesB. Deep to all three layers of intercostal musclesC. Between the innermost and internal intercostal musclesD. Superficial to all three layers of intercostal musclesE. Cannot be punctured by a needle
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Correct Answer: C
229. Which one of the following statements about lumbar (spinal) puncture to obtain cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is FALSE?A. Palpation of the lumbar spines and iliac crests is done to aid placement of the needleB. The needle pierces the ligamentum flavumC. The needle usually is inserted inferior to the level of the fourth lumbar vertebraD. The needle tip pierces the dura materE. The needle pierces the posterior longitudinal ligament of the spine
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Correct Answer: E
230. Splanchnic nerves are:A. Mainly preganglionic parasympathetic fibersB. Mainly preganglionic sympathetic fibersC. Mainly special visceral sensory fibersD. All of the aboveE. None of the above
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Correct Answer: B
231. The following statements are TRUE regarding radiographs, EXCEPT:A. Bone is more radiolucent (black) than fat (white)B. In an AP radiograph, X-rays traverse the patient from anterior (A) to posterior (P)C. CT scans show transverse radiographic images displayed as if the viewer is standing at a supine patient's feetD. The standard view of the thorax is posteroanterior (i.e., PA)E. Most radiological examinations are performed in at least two projections at right angles to one another
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Correct Answer: A
232. With paralysis of the latissimus dorsi muscle (i.e., due to accidental ablation of the thoracodorsal ventral rami during surgery in the inferior axially region), the patient is unable to raise their trunk as occurs during climbing (pulling one's self up by the arms)A. TrueB. False
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Correct Answer: A
233. To test the function of the trapezius muscle and the spinal acessory nerve (cranial nerve XI), the patient attempts to raise their shoulders as a physician presses down on their shouldersA. TrueB. False
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Correct Answer: A
234. The following statements are TRUE regarding the surface anatomy of the back and anterior thoracic wall, EXCEPT:A. The posterior median line is a vertical line along the tips of the spinous processes of the vertebraeB. The anterior axillary line is formed by the border of the latissimus dorsiC. The scapular lines cross the inferior angles of the scapulae, parallel to the posterior median linesD. The sternum lies subcutaneously in the anterior median lineE. The sternal angle is formed at the junction of the manubrium with the body of the sternum
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Correct Answer: B
235. The thoracolumbar fascia covers the erector spinae muscles in the lumbar region of the back and serves as an attachment for the latissimus dorsi muscleA. True
B. False
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Correct Answer: A
236. Of the following statements about the phrenic nerves, which is INCORRECT?A. They arise from the cervical plexusB. They provide motor and sensory innervation to the diaphragmC. They provide sensory innervation to the pericardiumD. They course posterior to the hilum (root) of each lungE. Irritation is one source of hiccups
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Correct Answer: D
237. A child is chewing gum which accidentally falls into her trachea. The gum is more likely to fall into the right main bronchus because it is wider, shorter, and more vertical than the left main bronchusA. TrueB. False
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Correct Answer: A
238. Of the following statement regarding the pleurae, which statement is TRUE?A. Air enters the right and left pleural cavities following a pneumothorax to the left pleural sacB. A pneumothorax is uncommon following wounds to the neck because the cervical pleura is completely protected by bones of the thoracic inletC. The parietal pleura closely invests the lungsD. The visceral pleura and mediastinal portion of the parietal pleura are continuous at the root of the lung and form the pulmonary ligamentE. None of the above statements are true
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Correct Answer: D
239. When examining the bronchi with a bronchoscope, the carina is not a useful internal anatomic landmark for the orifices of the main bronchiA. TrueB. False
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Correct Answer: B
240. The following statements are TRUE regarding the pulmonary circulation, EXCEPT:A. Bronchial arteries supply blood for nutrition to structures comprising the root of the lungsB. The pulmonary veins carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atriumC. In the left lung, the pulmonary artery enters the hilum posterior and inferior to the main bronchusD. The left bronchial arteries usually arise from the thoracic aortaE. The pulmonary arteries carry deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs
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Correct Answer: C
241. Regarding the bronchi, select the DISCORDANT pair:A. Left superior lobe - 5 segmental bronchiB. Left main bronchus - passes superior to arch of the aortaC. Respiratory bronchioles - give rise to alveolar ductsD. Right main bronchus - posterior to the pulmonary artery at the hilum of the right lungE. Right middle lobe - 2 segmental bronchi
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Correct Answer: B
242. The structures of the superficial perineal space (pouch) include all of the following, EXCEPT the:A. Bulbourethral glands in the maleB. Superficial transverse perineal muscles in both sexesC. Ischiocavernosus muscles in both sexesD. Greater vestibular glands in the femaleE. Bulbospongiosus muscles in both sexes
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Correct Answer: A
243. The greater splanchnic nerves contribute mainly to the:A. Superior hypogastric plexusB. Aorticorenal ganglionC. Renal plexusD. Celiac ganglionE. Inferior mesenteric ganglion
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Correct Answer: D
244. Select the WRONGLY matched statement concerning abdominal vessels.A. Lesser curvature of the stomach: left gastric arteryB. Ascending colon: right colic arteryC. Superior rectal vein: portal venous systemD. Left renal vein: superficial to the abdominal aortaE. Pancreas: inferior mesenteric artery
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Correct Answer: E
245. Normally, the ovarian and testicular veins have specific drainage patterns. Of the following statements, which is CORRECT?A. The right ovarian vein drains into the right renal veinB. The left testicular vein drains into the inferior vena cavaC. The left ovarian vein drains into the left renal veinD. The right testicular vein drains into the right renal veinE. The right and left ovarian or testicular veins drain into the same vessel
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Correct Answer: C
246. One of the following structures is NOT retroperitoneal in the abdomen. Which structure?
A. CecumB. PancreasC. Third part of the duodenumD. Left kidneyE. Right adrenal gland
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Correct Answer: A
247. The following statements describing the vermiform appendix are correct, EXCEPT it:A. Originates from the cecum where the three taenia coli muscles meetB. Has a mesenteryC. May have a variable location around the cecumD. Is normally intraperitonealE. Is supplied by the middle colic artery
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Correct Answer: E
248. Pain arising from an abdominal viscus is characterized by all of the following signs and symptoms, EXCEPT:A. The pain is dullB. The pain is very localized (focal)C. The pain radiates to the part of the body served by somatic sensory fibers associated with the same spinal cord segment which receives visceral sensory input from the affected viscusD. The pain may be very severeE. The afferent (sensory) fibers may be carried to the spinal cord by sympathetic or parasympathetic nerves
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Correct Answer: B
249. Of the following structures, which is NOT a principal support of the uterus?A. Transverse cervical (cardinal) ligamentsB. Obturator internus muscleC. Levator ani musclesD. Uterosacral ligamentsE. Broad ligaments
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Correct Answer: B
250. During a digital rectal exam, all of the following structures can be palpated through the wall of the rectum, EXCEPT the:A. Prostate gland in the maleB. Descending colon in both sexesC. Posterior wall of the vagina in the femaleD. Enlarged seminal vesicles in the maleE. Hollow of the sacrum in both sexes
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Correct Answer: B
251. The major duodenal papilla is normally found within the wall of the:
A. Superior part of the duodenumB. Ascending part of the duodenumC. Descending part of the duodenumD. Horizontal part of the duodenumE. Duodenal bulb
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Correct Answer: C
252. The spinal segments that usually contribute to the pudendal nerve are:A. S2, S3, S4B. L4, L5, S1C. L5, S1 S2D. S1E. S5
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Correct Answer: A
253. The pelvis of the male and female typically has structural differences. In this regard, identify the statement that is FALSE.A. The pelvic inlet is usually transversely heart-shaped in the male but round or oval in the femaleB. The pelvic outlet is usually larger in the femaleC. The sacrum is usually shorter, wider and flatter in the femaleD. The false pelvis is usually deeper in the femaleE. The ischial tuberosities are usually father apart in the female
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Correct Answer: D
254. The following statements about the kidneys are correct, EXCEPT:A. They are separated from the renal fascia by a layer of perirenal fatB. The right kidney is usually lower than the left kidneyC. The left and right renal veins are the same lengthD. They have lymphatic drainage into the lumbar (aortic) lymph nodesE. Urine within the renal pelvis drains directly into the ureters
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Correct Answer: C
255. The medial umbilical folds on the deep surface of the anterior abdominal wall are caused by the:A. UrachusB. Inferior epigastric vesselsC. Obliterated umbilical veinsD. Obliterated umbilical arteriesE. Round ligaments of the uterus
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Correct Answer: D
256. As chief resident of obstetrics and gynecology, it is your task to teach third-year medical students the relations of the vagina. Of the following relations of a normal vagina, which is INCORRECT?A. The anterior part is in contact with the bladder and urethraB. The posterior part is in contact with the rectum
C. The anterior fornix is the deepest of the 4 fornicesD. The posterior fornix is related to the rectouterine pouch (of Douglas)E. The posterior fornix is the most common site of perforation of the fornices by a surgical instrument placed through the vagina
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Correct Answer: C
257. Which statement about the ureters is FALSE?A. They course posterior to the common iliac arteriesB. In the male, they cross beneath the ductus deferens ("water under the bridge")C. Their blood supply comes from the renal, common iliac and superior vesicle arteriesD. In the female, they cross beneath the uterine arteries ("water under the bridge")E. Urine is propelled down the ureters by peristaltic contractions of their smooth muscle
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Correct Answer: A
258. Your patient is in acute distress, showing all the symptoms of acute hemorrhagic shock. After careful evaluation, you suspect a duodenal ulcer has perforated the posterior wall of the first part of the duodenum. Hemorrhage is probably from which of the following arteries?A. Splenic arteryB. Superior mesenteric arteryC. Gastroduodenal arteryD. Left gastric arteryE. Left hepatic artery
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Correct Answer: C
259. The abdominal aorta has paired and unpaired branches. Of the following branches, which is unpaired?A. Celiac arteryB. Inferior phrenic arteryC. Renal arteryD. Middle adrenal arteryE. Gonadal artery
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Correct Answer: A
260. Select the INCORRECTLY matched pair concerning lymphatic drainage for the following organs.A. Cervix of the uterus: superficial inguinal lymph nodesB. Prostate gland: internal iliac lymph nodesC. Lower part of the anal canal: inguinal lymph nodesD. Ovaries: lumbar (aortic/preaortic) lymph nodesE. Testes: lumbar (aortic/preaortic) lymph nodes
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Correct Answer: A
261. Which one of the following portions of the urinary bladder is INCORRECTLY matched with an associated structure?A. Apex of the bladder: obliterated urachusB. Neck of the bladder in a male: prostate gland
C. Inferior angle of the trigone: urethral orificeD. Blood supply to the bladder: branches of the internal pudendal arteriesE. Micturition (urination): parasympathetic nerves cause contraction of the smooth muscle (detrusor muscle) of the bladder
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Correct Answer: D
262. The celiac trunk:A. Is the arterial supply to the embryonic midgutB. Is accompanied by the celiac veinC. Arises from the lateral surface of the abdominal aorta, at about the level of the first lumbar vertebraD. Gives rise to the splenic, left gastric and common hepatic arteriesE. Is surrounded by the aorticorenal ganglion
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Correct Answer: D
263. Of the following statements about the rectum, which is TRUE?A. It receives its blood supply from only one arteryB. It is an important anastomotic site for the portal and caval (systemic) venous systemsC. Its smooth muscle is innervated by somatic nervesD. It has no circular smooth muscle in its wallE. It is surrounded by peritoneum along its entire length (about 12 cm long, normally)
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Correct Answer: B
264. The upper left quadrant of the abdomen contains the following organs, or parts of organs, EXCEPT the:A. Left suprarenal glandB. SpleenC. Head of the pancreasD. Splenic flexure of the colonE. Left kidney
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Correct Answer: C
265. The ejaculatory duct opens into the:A. Membranous urethraB. Prostatic urethraC. Spongy urethraD. Lateral lobes of the prostate glandE. Duct of the bulbourethral glands
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Correct Answer: B
266. The fourth segment of the duodenum becomes intraperitoneal at the duodenojejunal flexure. This flexure is held in place by one of the following structures. Which structure?A. Greater omentumB. Hepatoduodenal ligamentC. Lesser omentum
D. Suspensory ligament (of Trietz)E. Lienorenal ligament
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Correct Answer: D
267. In the living, which of the following normally is the LEAST mobile structure?A. Transverse colonB. PancreasC. Greater omentumD. Vermiform appendixE. Stomach
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Correct Answer: B
268. Answer options A-E match abdominal structures and their corresponding vertebral level. Which matched pair is INCORRECT?A. Caval hiatus in the diaphragm: T8B. Esophageal hiatus in the diaphragm: T10C. Aortic hiatus in the diaphragm: T12D. Umbilicus: L4/L5E. Pyloris: L4
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Correct Answer: E
269. Of the following structures, which is NOT contained in or directly attached to the broad ligaments of the uterus?A. Ovarian ligamentsB. Fallopian tubesC. Round ligaments of the uterusD. Uterine arteriesE. Superior rectal arteries
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Correct Answer: E
270. A sharp blow to the side of the head, over the temporal region, is frequently associated with rupture of the principal artery that supplies the meninges. What is the name of the artery?A. Basilar arteryB. Anterior cerebral arteryC. Cavernous sinusD. Middle meningeal arteryE. Posterior meningeal artery
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Correct Answer: D
271. The middle meningeal artery is a branch of the:A. Occipital arteryB. Maxillary arteryC. Sphenopalatine arteryD. Internal carotid artery
E. Lingual artery
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Correct Answer: B
272. The dural venous sinuses are located between which matched structures listed below?A. Neurocranium and the periosteal layer of the dura materB. Periosteal and meningeal layers of the arachnoid materC. Carotid sheathD. Meningeal and periosteal layers of the dura materE. Pia mater and the brain
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Correct Answer: D
273. Identify the drainage pattern for the dural venous sinuses that is NOT direct (sequential):A. Superior sagittal sinus to the confluens of sinusesB. Inferior sagittal sinus to the straight sinusC. Transverse sinus to the sigmoid sinusD. Sigmoid sinus to the origin of the internal jugular veinE. Superior sagittal sinus to the cavernous sinus
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Correct Answer: E
274. For what anatomical reason can infections in the skin of the face, scalp or diploic bone of the neurocranium reach the dural venous sinuses?A. Valves do not exist in the veins of the face, scalp or diploic bone and they communicate directly with the dural venous sinusesB. Arteries to the face, scalp and diploic bone communicate directly with arteries to the brainC. Capillaries of the face, scalp and diploic bone communicate directly with capillaries of the brainD. Arteries to the face, scalp and diploic bone communicate directly with veins from the brainE. Valves exist in the arteries of the face, scalp or diploic bone that function to direct blood to the dural venous sinuses
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Correct Answer: A
275. Identify the DISCORDANT pair of matched cranial nerves and foramina:A. Olfactory nerve: cribriform plate of the ethmoid boneB. Optic nerve: optic foramen canal of the sphenoid boneC. Facial nerve: internal auditory meatus of the temporal boneD. Hypoglossal nerve: jugular foramen of the occipital boneE. Facial nerve: stylomastoid foramen of the temporal bone
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Correct Answer: D
276. Of the following statements about the ventricular system of the brain, which is FALSE?A. It consists of the two lateral ventricles and the midline third and fourth ventriclesB. Cerebrospinal fluid is secreted by the choroid plexus; the latter being located in the superior sagittal sinusC. Cerebrospinal fluid drains from the fourth ventricle through one median aperture and paired lateral apertures into the subarachnoid space known as the cisterna magna
D. Cerebrospinal fluid circulates within and around the brain and spinal cordE. The main site of cerebrospinal fluid absorption into the venous system is through the arachnoid granulations
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Correct Answer: B
277. The internal acoustic meatus contains nerves that have all of the following functions, EXCEPT:A. ParasympatheticB. General sensoryC. Special senseD. MotorE. Sympathetic
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Correct Answer: E
278. The ophthalmic artery uses which of the following foramina to reach the eye?A. Optic canalB. Foramen spinosumC. Superior orbital fissureD. Foramen rotundumE. Inferior orbital fissure
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Correct Answer: A
279. Some fibers from the hypoglossal nerve have cell bodies that synapse in the submandibular ganglion.A. TrueB. False
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Correct Answer: B
280. Which of the following cranial nerves does NOT pass through the cavernous sinus?A. IIIB. IVC. VID. V3E. V2
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Correct Answer: D
281. Which of the following statements about the glossopharyngeal nerve is FALSE?A. Some of its fibers pass through the foramen ovale to enter the infratemporal fossaB. Some of its fibers pass through the middle earC. The lesser petrosal nerve contains pre-ganglionic parasympathetic fibers that are destined for the otic ganglionD. A sign of deficit in this nerve is loss of taste to the anterior 2/3 of the tongueE. This nerve probably contributes to the gag reflex because it provides some general sensory innervation to portions of the pharynx
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Correct Answer: D
282. A tumor compressing structures in the pterygopalatine fossa would affect all of the following, EXCEPT:A. Blood supply to the nasal cavityB. Blood supply to the soft palateC. General sensory innervation to the incisor teethD. Parasympathetic innervation to the lacrimal glandE. Taste to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue
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Correct Answer: E
283. Care must be taken during surgery of the parotid gland so as not to damage the:A. External carotid arteryB. Chorda tympani nerveC. Greater petrosal nerveD. Main trunk of V3E. Levator labii alequae nasi muscle
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Correct Answer: A
284. Choose the INCORRECT combination of connections.A. Facial vein, inferior ophthalmic vein, pterygoid venous plexusB. Frontal sinus, middle meatusC. Middle meatus, lacrimal canaliculiD. Chorda tympani, submandibular ganglionE. V3, mental nerve
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Correct Answer: C
285. Inability to shift the mandible to the left would indicate paralysis of the:A. Right lateral pterygoid muscleB. Left medial pterygoid muscleC. Left lateral pterygoid muscleD. Right medial pterygoid muscleE. Right temporalis muscle
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Correct Answer: A
286. The difference in the blood supply between area A and area C is that area A receives blood supply from branches of the external carotid artery whereas area C receives blood supply from branches of the internal carotid artery.A. TrueB. False
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Correct Answer: A
287. All of the following statements about the superior laryngeal nerve are true, EXCEPT:A. It is a branch of the vagus nerveB. It supplies general sensory innervation to the mucosa above the vocal cordsC. Some of its fibers are motor fibersD. One of its branches accompanies the superior laryngeal artery into the larynxE. It supplies the cricoarytenoid muscle
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Correct Answer: E
288. The vocal ligaments:A. Are formed by the superior free edge of the cricothyroid ligamentB. Are formed by the junction of the aryepiglottic and thyroepiglottic ligamentsC. Are formed by the inferior free edge of the thyrohyoid ligamentD. Contain the cricothyroid muscleE. Are attached to the superior margin of the epiglottis
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Correct Answer: A
289. The thyroarytenoid muscles:A. Abduct the vocal cordsB. Adduct the vocal cordsC. Are innervated by the external laryngeal nervesD. Relax the vocal cordsE. All of the above are true
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Correct Answer: D
290. The malleus:A. Is in direct contact with the oval windowB. Is in direct contact with the tympanic membraneC. Lies between the incus and the oval windowD. Provides a point of insertion for the stapedius muscleE. None of the above
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Correct Answer: B
291. Nerves associated with the middle ear and tympanic membrane include all of the following, EXCEPT:A. Branches of the facial nerveB. Branches of the glossopharyngeal nerveC. Branches of V1D. Branches of V3E. Sympathetic fibers
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Correct Answer: C
292. A child with a history of a cold and sore throat, a bulging, inflamed tympanic membrane and a severe ear ache probably suffers from an infection of the middle ear (otitis media). What is the most probable path that the infection took to arrive in the middle ear?A. External acoustic meatus, through tympanic membrane, middle ear
B. Mastoid air cells, through tympanic membrane, middle earC. Cavernous sinus, internal acoustic meatus, inner ear, through oval window, middle earD. Pharynx, pharyngotympanic tube, through tympanic membrane, middle earE. Pharynx, pharyngotympanic tube, middle ear
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Correct Answer: E
293. If the surgical approach is from inside the mouth, what muscle would you have to go through to reach the main portion of the lingual artery?A. Styloglossus muscleB. Hyoglossus muscleC. Geniohyoid muscleD. Mylohyoid muscleE. Anterior belly of the digastric muscle
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Correct Answer: B
294. The palatoglossal arch contains a muscle that is innervated by what cranial nerve?A. XIIB. XC. V3D. IXE. VII
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Correct Answer: B
295. Ligation of the maxillary artery will completely cut off the blood supply to the pharynx.A. TrueB. False
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Correct Answer: B
296. Post-ganglionic sympathetic fibers innervating the dilator pupillae muscle begin in the:A. Ciliary ganglionB. Superior cervical ganglionC. BrainD. Trigeminal ganglionE. Spinal cord ( T1 - L2 )
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Correct Answer: B
297. The oculomotor nerve innervates all of the following, EXCEPT the:A. Superior rectus muscleB. Ciliary muscleC. Medial rectus muscleD. Lateral rectus muscleE. Sphincter pupillae muscle
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Correct Answer: D
298. General sensory innervation of the cornea:A. Is supplied by V3B. Is supplied by V1C. Is supplied by the oculomotor nerveD. Is supplied by the facial nerveE. Enters the eyeball exclusively through short ciliary nerves
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Correct Answer: B
299. The sphincter pupillae muscle:A. Contracts when it receives signals from post-ganglionic sympathetic fibersB. Contracts when it receives signals originating from the otic ganglionC. Contracts when it receives post-ganglionic parasympathetic fibers that originate in the ciliary ganglionD. Dilates when it receives signals from the facial nerveE. Is an extension of the sclera of the eyeball
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Correct Answer: C
300. Aqueous humor:A. Is the only source of nutrients for the ciliary bodyB. Is the only source of nutrients for the irisC. Is produced in the anterior chamberD. Replaces spent vitreous humorE. Is the only source of nutrients for the lens of the eye
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Correct Answer: E
301. Inability of a patient to gaze directly to the right with both eyes simultaneously could indicate deficits in which of the following combinations:A. The medial rectus muscle of the right eye and cranial nerve VI on the left sideB. The lateral rectus muscle of the left eye and the inferior rectus muscle of the right eyeC. The medial rectus muscle of the right eye and cranial nerve IV on the left sideD. The lateral rectus muscle of the right eye and cranial nerve III on the left sideE. Left cranial nerve VI and right cranial nerve V
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Correct Answer: D
302. A spinal cord injury at the level of C6 will:A. Eliminate innervation to the main extensor of the humerusB. Eliminate innervation to the extensor muscles of the arm and forearmC. Spare the innervation to the dorsal interosseous musclesD. Paralyze the levator scapulae muscleE. Eliminate all innervation to the deltoid muscle
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Correct Answer: A
303. Extension of the humerus would be severely limited by damage to the:A. Long thoracic nerveB. Thoracodorsal nerveC. Upper subscapular nerveD. Suprascapular nerveE. Medial pectoral nerve
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Correct Answer: B
304. The superficial vein that terminates in the femoral vein within the femoral sheath is the:A. Lesser saphenous veinB. Sural veinC. Obturator veinD. Great saphenous veinE. Tibial vein
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Correct Answer: D
305. The lateral femoral cutaneous nerve receives innervation from spinal levels:A. L1, L2B. L2, L3C. L3, L4D. L4, L5E. L5, S1
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Correct Answer: B
306. All of the following muscles cross multiple joints, EXCEPT the:A. Brachioradialis muscleB. Extensor digitorum muscleC. Extensor carpi radialis longus muscleD. Extensor pollicis longus muscleE. Flexor carpi ulnaris muscle
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Correct Answer: A
307. Which of the following statements is FALSE about the musculocutaneous nerve?A. It receives contributions from spinal cord levels C5 - C7B. It is a terminal branch of the lateral cord of the brachial plexusC. It pierces the coracobrachialis muscleD. It terminates as the lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerveE. It innervates all of the flexors of the humerus
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Correct Answer: E
308. The major motor sign in paralysis of the quadriceps femoris muscle is:A. Extension of the leg
B. Flexion of the legC. Flexion of the thighD. Adduction of the thighE. Abduction of the thigh
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Correct Answer: A
309. Innervation of the teres major muscle is accomplished by a nerve that emerges through the quadrangular space.A. TrueB. False
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Correct Answer: B
310. Identify the correct superficial-to-deep sequence, from the lateral aspect of the knee.A. Skin, tibial collateral ligament, lateral meniscusB. Skin, fibular collateral ligament, popliteus muscle tendon, lateral meniscusC. Skin, popliteus muscle tendon, tibial collateral ligament, lateral meniscusD. Skin, popliteus tendon, fibular collateral ligament, lateral meniscusE. Skin, anterior cruciate ligament, popliteus muscle tendon
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Correct Answer: B
311. Which statement is FALSE about the brachioradialis muscle?A. It originates in the anterior compartment of the armB. It shares an action with the brachialis muscleC. The nerve that innervates it is a terminal branch of the posterior cord of the brachial plexusD. It shares an action with the extensor carpi ulnaris muscleE. It shares innervation with the triceps brachii muscle
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Correct Answer: D
312. The anular ligament in the forearm:A. Spans the space between the ulna and radiusB. Encircles the head of the ulnaC. Encircles the styloid process of the radiusD. Goes from the olecranon fossa to the olecranon processE. Encircles the head of the radius
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Correct Answer: E
313. The nerve that passes through the obturator foramen:A. Is the nerve to the obturator internus muscleB. Innervates the anterior compartment of the thighC. Arises from spinal levels L1 to L2D. Innervates the medial compartment of the thighE. Contributes to the cutaneous innervation of the gluteal region
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Correct Answer: D
314. Damage to the lateral cord of the brachial plexus would have all of the following effects, EXCEPT:A. Loss of motor innervation to the anterior compartment of the armB. Decrease in motor innervation to the anterior compartment of the forearmC. Elimination of motor innervation to the hypothenar compartment musclesD. Loss of innervation to rotator cuff musclesE. Sensory deficit over the shoulder region
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Correct Answer: A
315. All of the muscles of the superficial posterior compartment of the leg insert onto the:A. FibulaB. TalusC. CalcaneusD. First metatarsalE. Cuboid
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Correct Answer: C
316. Which of the following muscles is a flexor of the humerus and DOES NOT have an attachment to the scapula?A. Coracobrachialis muscleB. Pectoralis minor muscleC. Biceps brachii muscleD. Pectoralis major muscleE. Deltoid muscle
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Correct Answer: D
317. The medial and lateral femoral circumflex arteries are usually direct branches off of the:A. Obturator arteryB. Popliteal arteryC. Profunda femoris arteryD. External iliac arteryE. First perforating artery
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Correct Answer: C
318. All of the following are true about the superior gemellus muscle, EXCEPT that it:A. Is to the femur what a rotator cuff muscle is to the humerusB. Does not emerge from the pelvisC. Shares innervation with the piriformis muscleD. Lies between the piriformis and the obturator internus musclesE. Receives innervation from spinal levels L5, S1, S2
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Correct Answer: C
319. The adductor part of the adductor magnus muscle is innervated by the same nerve as the tensor fascia lata muscle.A. TrueB. False
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Correct Answer: B
320. The inferior gluteal artery is a direct branch of the external iliac artery.A. TrueB. False
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Correct Answer: B
321. All of the muscles innervated by the deep fibular nerve:A. Evert the footB. Dorsiflex the footC. Invert the footD. Plantarflex the footE. None of the above
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Correct Answer: B
322. The short head of the biceps femoris muscle is innervated by:A. The same nerve as the pectineus muscleB. The same nerve as the piriformis muscleC. The common fibular part of the sciatic nerveD. The tibial part of the sciatic nerveE. The same portion of the sciatic nerve as innervates the semitendinosus muscle
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Correct Answer: C
323. The glenohumeral joint is a relatively unstable joint. Factors that work to stabilize the joint include all of the following, EXCEPT:A. A fibrocartilage labrum deepens the articular surfaceB. The teres major muscle participates in the rotator cuff musclesC. The subscapularis muscle participates in the rotator cuff musclesD. The coracoacromial ligament prevents dislocation superiorlyE. The deltoid muscle helps prevent dislocation inferiorly
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Correct Answer: B
324. The common palmar digital arteries are direct branches of an arch that is formed mainly by the ulnar artery.A. TrueB. False
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Correct Answer: A
325. The fibularis brevis muscle inserts into:A. CalcaneusB. NavicularC. Base of first metatarsalD. Proximal phalanxE. Base of the fifth metatarsal
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Correct Answer: E
326. Consider that the inferior gluteal nerve is severed by a knife just as the nerve emerges from the greater sciatic foramen. Which of the following statements is true?A. The adductor part of the adductor magnus muscle would be affectedB. Abduction of the thigh would be eliminatedC. Muscles in the posterior compartment of the leg would be paralyzedD. Adduction of the thigh would be eliminatedE. Extension of the thigh would be the action most affected
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Correct Answer: E
327. The obturator internus muscle:A. Emerges from the pelvis through the obturator foramenB. Emerges from the pelvis through the lesser sciatic foramenC. Emerges from the pelvis through the greater sciatic foramenD. Shares innervation with the obturator externusE. Abducts the thigh
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Correct Answer: B
328. The superior gluteal nerve innervates all of the following structures, EXCEPT the:A. Tensor fascia lata muscleB. Gluteus minimus muscleC. Quadratus femoris muscleD. Gluteus medius muscleE. Hip joint
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Correct Answer: C
329. The common fibular nerve:A. Gives rise to the nerve that supplies the anterior compartment leg musclesB. Branches to supply the intrinsic muscles of the footC. Is closely approximated to the neck of the tibiaD. Innervates the muscles that plantar flex the footE. While part of the sciatic nerve, innervates nothing in the posterior thigh
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Correct Answer: A
330. The anastomotic blood supply around the scapula originates, either directly or indirectly, from all of the following arteries, EXCEPT the:A. Subclavian arteryB. Axillary arteryC. Subscapular arteryD. Transverse cervical arteryE. Brachial artery
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Correct Answer: E
331. The following statements are true about muscles in the posterior compartment of the forearm, EXCEPT:A. They produce the actions of extension of the wrist and hand, and supination of the forearmB. They share innervation with the posterior compartment of the armC. They contribute to adduction of the thumbD. They contribute to abduction of the thumbE. The most superficial group of muscles in this compartment all have their proximal attachment from the humerus
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Correct Answer: C
332. Which of the following muscles acts on two joints?A. Vastus medialis muscleB. Sartorius muscleC. Adductor magnus muscleD. Piriformis muscleE. Adductor longus muscle
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Correct Answer: B
333. Branches of the brachial artery will participate in anastomotic circulation around the:A. Elbow jointB. ScapulaC. Glenohumeral jointD. Acromioclavicular jointE. Head of the humerus
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Correct Answer: A
334. The inferior gluteal nerve will be spared any deficit if a spinal cord injury occurs at or below the level of:A. L4B. L5C. S1D. S2E. S3
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Correct Answer: E
335. The fibular artery: BAD QUESTION: A & D ARE RIGHTA. Is the blood supply to the lateral compartment of the legB. Is a branch of the popliteal arteryC. Accompanies the tibial nerve into the footD. Sends communicating branches to the lateral compartment of the legE. Is a branch of the anterior tibial artery
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Correct Answer: A
336. Which of the following arteries does not participate in the blood supply of the hip joint?A. Medial femoral circumflex arteryB. Lateral femoral circumflex arteryC. Femoral arteryD. Obturator arteryE. Pudendal artery
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Correct Answer: E
337. The supraspinatus muscle is responsible for:A. Adduction of the humerusB. Abduction of the humerus above the horizontal planeC. Lateral rotation of the humerusD. Initiation of abduction of the humerusE. Superior rotation of the scapula
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Correct Answer: D
338. The deep fibular nerve gives no cutaneous innervation to the lower limb.A. TrueB. False
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Correct Answer: B
339. The lateral thoracic artery:A. Is a branch of the subclavian arteryB. Is a branch of the brachial arteryC. Accompanies the long thoracic nerve to the serratus anterior muscleD. Accompanies the thoracodorsal nerve to the serratus anterior muscleE. Emerges through the triangular space
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Correct Answer: C
340. The femoral artery is contained in what compartment of the femoral sheath?A. Lateral compartmentB. Intermediate compartmentC. Medial compartmentD. Deep compartment
E. Superficial compartment
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Correct Answer: A
341. All of the following statements are true regarding the lumbrical muscles of the hand, EXCEPT:A. They arise from the tendons of the flexor digitorum profundus muscleB. They are four in numberC. They assist in extension of the middle and distal phalangesD. They are all innervated by the median nerveE. They attach onto the proximal phalanges
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Correct Answer: D
342. Which of the following is a muscle that acts to directly depress the glenoid fossa?A. Pectoralis minor muscleB. Serratus anterior muscleC. Pectoralis major muscleD. Latissimus dorsi muscleE. Supraspinatus muscle
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Correct Answer: A
343. The anterior fascial compartment of the leg contains the:A. Superficial peroneal nerveB. The fibular arteryC. Extensor hallucis muscleD. Peroneus brevis muscleE. Flexor digitorum longus muscle
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Correct Answer: C
344. A patient is able to flex and adduct her wrist but unable to flex the distal interphalangeal joints of the 4th and 5th digits. In addition, there is weakness in flexing the metacarpal phalangeal joints of the 4th and 5th digits as well as extending those same digits. The injury is: BAD QUESTION A & B ARE RIGHTA. To the ulnar nerve where it passes between the pisiform and hamate bones (Guyon's canal)B. To the ulnar nerve as it passes around the medial epicondyle of the humerusC. To the ulnar nerve as it passes around the lateral epicondyle of the humerusD. To the radial nerve as it passes around the lateral epicondyle of the humerusE. To the median nerve as it passes through the carpal tunnel
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Correct Answer: B
345. With maximal flexion of the vertebral column, scoliosis is revealed by abnormal lateral curvature of the vertebral column.A. TrueB. False
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Correct Answer: A
346. The secondary lumbar curvature becomes prominent when an infant begins to walk and stand up.A. TrueB. False
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Correct Answer: A
347. A male patient, 46 years of age, has signficant lower back pain in the lumbosacral area. After ordering a sagittal MRI of the area, you see that he has ruptured an intervertebral disc between L5/S1. The rupture is a result of the nucleus pulposus protruding through the anulus fibrosus posteriorly and pressing on the L5 spinal roots/nerve. Which ligament is touched by the ruptured nucleus pulposus first?A. Anterior longitudinal ligamentB. Ligamentum flavumC. Posterior longitudinal ligamentD. Interspinous ligamentE. Supraspinous ligament
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Correct Answer: C
348. Vertebrae can be identified by surface palpation, radiography, computerized tomography, or magnetic resonance imaging. Using these techniques, vertebrae in each region of the vertebral column can usually be identified because of special characteristics that include all of the following, EXCEPTA. C7 vertebra has a long spinous process that forms a prominence under the skin and is therefore easily palpated when the neck is flexedB. The anterior projecting edge of the body of S1 vertebra is the sacral promontory, an important obstetrical landmarkC. The spinous processes of most thoracic vertebrae are long and slope posteroinferiorly, protecting structures within the vertebral canalD. L5 vertebra has a massive vertebral body that supports the majority of upper body weightE. Lower thoracic vertebrae are characterized by a large spinal canal that provides room for the spinal cord enlargement that sends innervation to the upper limbs
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Correct Answer: E
349. Back strain refers to some degree of stretching or microscopic tearing of muscle fibers or ligaments of the back. The muscles usually involved are those producing movements of the lumbar intervertebral joints, especially the columns of the erector spinae muscle group. The following statements are true regarding the erector spinae muscle group, EXCEPTA. The common attachment inferiorly for the erector spinae muscle group as a whole includes the posterior part of the iliac crest, posterior sacrum, sacroiliac ligaments, the sacral median crest, and the lumbar spinous processesB. The group is innervated by dorsal primary ramiC. The erector spinae muscle group divides into three columns that include the iliocostalis, longissimus, and semispinalis musclesD. Acting bilaterally, the group extends the vertebral column and headE. Acting unilaterally, the group laterally bends/rotates the vertebral column
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Correct Answer: C
350. Identify the TRUE statement regarding the transversospinal muscle group
A. The multifidis spans 4-6 vertebraeB. The multifidis is the most superficial of the three layersC. They are innervated by ventral primary ramiD. The rotatores attach to the mamillary processes of lumbar vertebraeE. The rotatores attach to the transverse processes of inferior vertebrae and spinous processes of superior vertebrae, spanning 1-2 vertebral segments
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Correct Answer: E
351. All of the following muscles attach to the ribs, EXCEPT theA. Latissimus dorsi muscleB. Serratus posterior superior muscleC. Semispinalis muscleD. Iliocostalis muscleE. Levatores costarum muscles
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Correct Answer: C
352. During surgical operation on scapular lymph nodes, the thoracodorsal nerve (C6-C8) is accidentally injured. What muscle is most likely affected?A. Serratus posterior inferior muscleB. Latissimus dorsi muscleC. Serratus anterior muscleD. Levator scapulae muscleE. Longissimus muscle
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Correct Answer: B
353. During a carotid endarterectomy, the spinal accessory nerve (CN XI) is damaged. Lesions to the spinal accessory nerve cause weakness and atrophy of which of the following muscles?A. Trapezius muscleB. Levator scapulae muscleC. Rhomboid major muscleD. Splenius cervicus muscleE. None of the above muscles are affected
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Correct Answer: A
354. All of the following are true statements regarding the serratus posterior inferior muscle, EXCEPTA. It depresses the lower ribsB. It is innervated by intercostal nervesC. It attaches to the spinous processes of the last two thoracic vertebrae and the first two lumbar vertebraeD. It lies deep to the latissimus dorsi muscleE. It is categorized as an intrinsic back muscle
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Correct Answer: E
355. The dorsal scapular nerve (C5) affects the actions of the rhomboid muscles. If the dorsal scapular
nerve is injured on one side, paralyzing the rhomboid muscles, the scapula on the injured side is located further from the midline than the scapula on the normal side.A. TrueB. False
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Correct Answer: A
356. All of the following muscles attach to the ligamentum nuchae (nuchal ligament), EXCEPT theA. Splenius capitis muscleB. Rhomboid minor muscleC. Trapezius muscleD. Serratus posterior interior muscleE. All of the above muscles attach to the ligamentum nuchae (nuchal ligament)
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Correct Answer: D
357. The first rib is clinically important because so many structures cross and attach to it. These structures include all of the following, EXCEPT theA. Subclavian vessels (artery and vein)B. Subclavius muscleC. Anterior and middle scalene musclesD. Serratus anterior muscleE. Pectoralis minor muscle
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Correct Answer: E
358. The pectoralis minor muscle is a useful anatomical and surgical landmark for structures in the axilla. With the coracoid process, the pectoralis minor forms a "bridge" under which vessels and nerves pass to the arm. All of the following structures pass under this "bridge", EXCEPT theA. Axillary arteryB. Axillary veinC. Brachial plexusD. Cephalic veinE. All of the above pass under this "bridge"
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Correct Answer: D
359. The sternal angle is a very important clinical landmark because it is easily palpable, lies adjacent to the left and right 2nd ribs, and is located at the level of the intervertebral disc between T4 and T5.A. TrueB. False
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Correct Answer: A
360. Understanding the lymphatic drainage of the breasts is of practical importance in treating carcinoma of the breast (breast cancer). Impaired lymph drainage often presents clinically on mammograms as a thickened, leatherlike appearance of the skin in areas surrounding the carcinoma.A. TrueB. False
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Correct Answer: A
361. All of the following statements are true regarding the female breast, EXCEPTA. They rest on the deep fascia of the pectoralis major and serratus anterior musclesB. The areolae contain numerous sebaceous glands that enlarge during pregnancy and secrete an oily substance that provides a protective lubricant for the nippleC. The suspensory ligaments firmly attach the mammary gland to the dermisD. Their blood supply is partially delivered by branches (anterior intercostals) of the internal thoracic arteryE. The retromammary space prevents movement of the breast on the pectoral fascia
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Correct Answer: E
362. The thoracic duct begins in the abdomen as a sac, the cisterna chyli, and ascends through the thorax and enters the junction of the right internal jugular vein and right subclavian vein.A. TrueB. False
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Correct Answer: B
363. Thoracentesis is insertion of a hypodermic needle into the pleural cavity to drain accumulated fluid. During this procedure, the needle must pass through the intercostal muscles and parietal pleura into the pleural cavity. From superficial to deep, identify the correct order of structures the needle must pass before it enters the pleural cavity.A. External intercostal muscle - Innermost intercostal muscle - Internal intercostal muscle - Parietal pleuraB. External intercostal muscle - Internal intercostal muscle - Parietal pleura - Innermost intercostal muscleC. Parietal pleura - Innermost intercostal muscle - Internal intercostal muscle - External intercostal muscleD. External intercostal muscle - Internal intercostal muscle - Innermost intercostal muscle - Parietal pleuraE. None of the above are the correct order
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Correct Answer: D
364. In Dr. Elstad's case presentation, the patient experienced hoarseness due to an impaired left recurrent laryngeal nerve. All of the following are true regarding the anatomical course of this nerve, EXCEPTA. It is derived from the left vagus nerveB. Its ascends to the larynx in the groove between the esophagus and tracheaC. It branches from the left vagus nerve as that nerve curves medially at the inferior border of the aortic archD. It can be impaired in patients who have bronchogenic carcinomaE. It courses anterior to the ligamentum arteriosum
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Correct Answer: E
365. The pleural sacs are separate. Therefore, a pneumothorax may collapse one lung without affecting the other lung.A. TrueB. False
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Correct Answer: A
366. All of the following statements regarding the lungs and their airways are true, EXCEPT theA. Right main bronchus is wider, shorter, and runs more vertically than the left main bronchusB. At the hilum, the bronchus is located centrally and posteriorly in the right and left lungsC. The right lung has 3 lobes and the left lung has 2 lobesD. The pulmonary ligament hangs inferiorly from the pleural sleeve around the lung rootE. The lingula is located on the superior lobe of the right lung
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Correct Answer: E
367. A 64 year old female presents with a pulmonary thromboembolism (obstruction of a pulmonary artery due to a blood clot). After a pulmonary angiogram, it was determined that the blood clot occluded the apical segmental pulmonary artery that supplies the superior lobe of her left lung. The blood clot traveled to this segmental pulmonary artery from a leg vein. Track the appropriate course of the blood clot to the obstructed artery.A. Inferior vena cava - right atrium - tricuspid valve - right ventricle - pulmonary trunk - left pulmonary artery - left superior lobar artery - left apical segmental arteryB. Inferior vena cava - right atrium - mitral valve - right ventricle - pulmonary trunk - left pulmonary artery - left superior lobar artery - left apical segmental arteryC. Inferior vena cava - left atrium - mitral valve - left ventricle - pulmonary trunk - left pulmonary artery - left superior lobar artery - left apical segmental arteryD. Inferior vena cava - right atrium - tricuspid valve - right ventricle - pulmonary trunk - left pulmonary artery - left bronchial artery - left apical segmental arteryE. Coronary sinus - right atrium - tricuspid valve - right ventricle - pulmonary trunk - left pulmonary artery - left superior lobar artery - left apical segmental artery
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Correct Answer: A
368. Pericardiocentesis (drainage of pericardial fluid) may be used as a treatment for cardiac tamponade (heart compression). During this procedure, a needle may be placed just inferior to the left border of the infrasternal angle and passed superoposteriorly into the pericardial cavity to avoid puncturing the lungA. TrueB. False
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Correct Answer: A
369. Knowledge of auscultatory areas of the chest are critical when listening to valves of the heart and its major outflow tracts (arteries). Identify the DISCORDANT pair.A. Pulmonary valve = 2nd left intercostal space (parasternal)B. Aortic valve = 2nd left intercostal space (parasternal)C. Mitral valve = 4th to 5th left intercostal space just medial to the midclavicular lineD. Tricuspid valve = 4th to 5th left intercostal space (parasternal)E. All of the above are true matches
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Correct Answer: B
370. All of the following are branches of the right coronary artery, EXCEPT theA. SA nodal artery (~60% of the time)
B. AV nodal arteryC. Posterior interventricular arteryD. Right marginal arteryE. Circumflex artery
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Correct Answer: E
371. Identify the TRUE statement regarding the venous drainage of the heartA. The coronary sinus drains into the left atriumB. The anterior cardiac veins begin over the anterior surface of the left ventricle, cross over the atrioventricular groove (coronary groove), and directly drain into the left atriumC. The great cardiac vein is the largest tributary of the coronary sinus and this vein starts at the apex of the heart and ascends with the anterior ventricular branch of the left coronary arteryD. The middle and small cardiac veins drain most of the areas supplied by the left coronary arteryE. All of the above statements are true
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Correct Answer: C
372. A patient presents with a clinically significant atrial septal defect (ASD). The ASD is most likely due to incomplete closure of the following structure.A. Foramen ovaleB. Ligamentum arteriosumC. Ductus arteriosisD. Sinus venarumE. Coronary Sinus
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Correct Answer: A
373. A patient presents with a right bundle branch block due to ischemia (lack of blood flow) to the AV nodal artery. Identify the structure that carries part of the right bundle branch of the AV bundleA. Pectinate musclesB. Anterior papillary muscle of the left ventricleC. Moderator band (septomarginal trabecula)D. Crista terminalisE. Chordae tendineae
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Correct Answer: C
374. Because arterial blood pressure is higher in the systemic than the pulmonary circulation, the papillary muscles are larger and the myocardium is thicker in the left ventricle when compared to the right ventricleA. TrueB. False
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Correct Answer: A
375. The following arteries are direct branches of the thoracic aorta, EXCEPT theA. Left bronchial arteryB. Superior phrenic arteriesC. Esophogeal arteries
D. Pericardial arteriesE. Anterior intercostal arteries
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Correct Answer: E
376. The fact that the phrenic nerves pass anterior to the roots of the lungs provides an important means of distinguishing them from the vagus nerves, which pass posterior to the roots of the lungs.A. TrueB. False
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Correct Answer: A
377. The left brachiocephalic vein is over twice as long as the right brachiocephalic vein and it passes from the left to the right side, passing posterior to the three major branches of the arch of the aorta.A. TrueB. False
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Correct Answer: B
378. Computerized tomography (CT) scans show radiographic images of the body that resemble transverse anatomical sections. The scan is oriented so it appears the way an examiner would view it when standing at the foot of the bed and looking toward a supine person's head.A. TrueB. False
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Correct Answer: A
379. The central nervous system includes all of the following components, EXCEPT theA. Spinal nervesB. Dura materC. Spinal cordD. Cerebrospinal fluidE. Brain
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Correct Answer: A
380. Select the correct number of paired spinal nerves:A. Cervical = 7B. Thoracic = 12C. Lumbar = 6D. Sacral = 4E. Coccygeal = 2
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Correct Answer: B
381. Sensory fibers course through the ventral roots of the spinal cordA. TrueB. False
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Correct Answer: B
382. During lumbar puncture to withdraw (cerebrospinal fluid), the needle's course will be through which sequence of layers/spaces, from superficial to deep?A. Subarachnoid space, arachnoid mater, subdural space, dura mater, ligamentum flavum, skinB. Arachnoid mater, subarachnoid space, subdural space, dura mater, ligamentum flavum, skinC. Skin, ligamentum flavum, dura mater, subdural space, arachnoid mater, subarachnoid spaceD. Skin, ligamentum flavum, subdural space, dura mater, arachnoid mater, subarachnoid spaceE. Ligamentum flavum, skin, dura mater, subdural space, arachnoid mater, subarachnoid space
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Correct Answer: C
383. Preganglionic sympathetic fibers arise from which region of the central gray area of the spinal cord?A. C1 - C8B. C1 - T1C. C1 - L1 or L2D. L1 - L5E. T1 - L1 or L2
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Correct Answer: E
384. Parasympathetic fibers course through the vagus nervesA. TrueB. False
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Correct Answer: A
385. Select the INCORRECT statement about the lymphatic drainage of the following pelvic or perineal organs:A. Lymphatic drainage generally follows the path of an organ's blood supplyB. The cervix of the uterus has most of its lymph drainage to the internal iliac lymph nodesC. The prostate gland has most of its lymph drainage to the internal iliac lymph nodesD. The ovaries have most of their lymph drainage to the aortic lymph nodesE. The testes have most of their lymph drainage to the superficial inguinal lymph nodes
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Correct Answer: E
386. Which of the following structures is NOT a specialization of the external abdominal oblique aponeurosis?A. Inguinal ligamentB. Lacunar ligamentC. Intercrural fibersD. Internal spermatic fasciaE. Medial and lateral crura of the superficial inguinal ring
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Correct Answer: D
387. Compared to the jejunum, the ileum:A. Few lymphoid nodulesB. Has a thicker wallC. Has more plicae circularesD. Has few, large arterial arcadesE. None of the above
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Correct Answer: E
388. Which of the following statements regarding the spleen is INCORRECT?A. It lies in the left upper quadrant of the abdomenB. It is the largest single mass of lymphoid tissue in the bodyC. The splenic artery arises directly from the aorta in most individualsD. It is surrounded by peritoneum (intraperitoneal organ)E. The splenic vein contributes to the formation of the portal vein
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Correct Answer: C
389. Which of the following structures is NOT found in the superficial space of the perineum of the female?A. Transverse perinei superficialis musclesB. Bulbourethral glandsC. Greater vestibular glandsD. Ischiocavernosus musclesE. Vagina
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Correct Answer: B
390. Which statement is INCORRECT about the vermiform appendix?A. It has its own mesenteryB. It is a blind outpocketing of the cecumC. It is vascularized by an end-arteryD. It opens into the cecum above the ileocecal junction in the adultE. It is located at the union of the 3 teniae coli muscles
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Correct Answer: D
391. Imagine that you are assisting with the surgical removal of a gallbladder. The surgeon asks you to describe its key features. Your list probably would include all of the following, EXCEPT:A. The fundus of the gallbladder usually lies at the tip of the ninth costal cartilage, in the midclavicular lineB. The body of the gallbladder lies in contact with the visceral surface of the liverC. The neck of the gallbladder is tapered, narrow, and twistedD. The cystic duct of the gallbladder courses independently to the duodenumE. The gallbladder is supplied by the cystic artery
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Correct Answer: D
392. Your patient is in acute distress, showing all the symptoms of acute shock. After careful evaluation you suspect a duodenal ulcer has perforated the posterior wall of the first part of the duodenum. Hemorrhage is probably from which of the following arteries?A. Splenic arteryB. Superior mesenteric arteryC. Gastroduodenal arteryD. Left gastric arteryE. Right hepatic artery
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Correct Answer: C
393. The pelvic diaphragm is formed by the:A. Levator ani and pyriformis musclesB. Piriformis and internal obturator musclesC. Levator ani and coccygeus musclesD. Obturator internus and coccygeus musclesE. Levator ani and obturator internus muscles
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Correct Answer: C
394. Of the following arteries, which does NOT provide branches to the pancreas?A. Left gastric arteryB. Gastroduodenal arteryC. Splenic arteryD. Superior mesenteric artery
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Correct Answer: A
395. Which statement is true about hepatic veins?A. They enter the porta hepatisB. In cross section of the liver, they are always grouped with an hepatic artery and hepatic ductC. They drain blood into the portal veinD. They carry oxygenated blood like the pulmonary veinsE. All statements are false
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Correct Answer: E
396. The celiac ganglia:A. Are sympathetic gangliaB. Receive preganglionic sympathetic fibers from the greater splanchnic nervesC. Are traversed by vagal (parasympathetic) fibers, but which do not synapse in the gangliaD. Give rise, through synapses, to postganglionic sympathetic fibers that are distributed to the abdominal foregutE. All of the above
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Correct Answer: E
397. Of the fornices of the vagina, which one extends the most superiorly, and also is closest to the rectouterine pouch and rectum?A. Left fornixB. Right fornixC. Anterior fornixD. Posterior fornixE. None of the above
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Correct Answer: D
398. All of the following are true about the inferior epigastric artery, EXCEPT:A. It anastomoses with the superior epigastric arteryB. It gives rise to the cremaster arteryC. It arises from the femoral arteryD. Inguinal hernias protruding medial to it are referred to as "direct"E. It forms the lateral umbilical fold
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Correct Answer: C
399. The principal motor and sensory innervation of the perineum is provided by branches from the:A. Lateral femoral cutaneous nerveB. Pudendal nerveC. Superior gluteal nerveD. Femoral nerveE. Genitofemoral nerve
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Correct Answer: B
400. All of the following statements about the urinary bladder are true, EXCEPT:A. Its musculature generally is known as the detrusor muscleB. It receives its blood supply from the superior vesicle and inferior vesicle arteries (and from the vaginal artery in the female)C. Its venous blood is drained by the prostatic plexus of veins in the maleD. It is an extraperitoneal organE. Its parasympathetic nerve supply causes the bladder wall to contract and its internal sphincter to contract
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Correct Answer: E
401. Which structure contains the voluntary sphincter of the urethra?A. Urogenital diaphragmB. Pelvic diaphragmC. Wall of the bladder at its neckD. Thoracoabdominal diaphragmE. None of the above
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Correct Answer: A
402. Digital rectal examination of the prostate gland can reveal all of the following features about the prostate gland, EXCEPT:A. Softness when normalB. It is not palpableC. Firmness when hypertrophiedD. Warmth when inflamedE. Tenderness when inflamed
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Correct Answer: B
403. Which of the following structures is retroperitoneal?A. PancreasB. SpleenC. Transverse colonD. Sigmoid colonE. Vermiform appendix
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Correct Answer: A
404. The perineal body is formed by the fusion of the:A. Superficial transverse perineal musclesB. Posterior edge of the deep transverse perineal muscleC. External anal sphincterD. Bulbospongiosus (bulbovestibuli) muscle(s)E. All of the above
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Correct Answer: E
405. An important portal - systemic anastomosis for venous drainage is:A. Superior rectal and middle/inferior rectal veinsB. Esophageal vein and left gastroepiploic veinC. Superior mesenteric vein and right renal veinD. Internal iliac and external iliac veinsE. None of the above
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Correct Answer: A
406. Regional lymph nodes that drain the uterus include all of the following, EXCEPT the:A. Lumbar lymph nodesB. External iliac lymph nodesC. Internal iliac lymph nodesD. Sacral lymph nodesE. Femoral lymph nodes
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Correct Answer: E
407. Identify the FALSE statement about the peritoneal cavity:A. It has an outpocketing called the lesser sac or bursaB. It is bounded superiorly by the diaphragm
C. It is a closed sac in the maleD. It is a closed sac in the femaleE. Pain from its parietal layer is focal and sharp
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Correct Answer: D
408. Which statement about the abdominal mesenteries is INCORRECT?A. They are sometimes called "ligaments"B. They usually transmit arteries, veins, nerves, and lymphaticsC. The falciform ligament is a remnant of the ventral mesenteryD. The greater omentum extends from the stomach to the transverse colonE. The lesser omentum extends from the stomach to the spleen
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Correct Answer: E
409. Which of the following contains the ovarian artery and vein?A. Ovarian ligamentB. Broad ligament of the uterusC. MesosalpinxD. Suspensory ligament of the ovaryE. None of the above
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Correct Answer: D
410. Of the following statements about the duodenum, which is FALSE?A. It is subdivided into four partsB. It is anterior to lumbar vertebrae 1-3C. The bile duct and main pancreatic duct enter the anterior wall of its second (descending) partD. Its blood supply is from branches from both the celiac artery and superior mesenteric arteryE. Duodenal ulcers are commonly located in the duodenal ampulla or cap (first part)
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Correct Answer: C
411. A deep penetrating knife wound to the gluteal region that cuts the pudendal nerve in the pudendal canal will result in all of the following, EXCEPT:A. Decreased ability to voluntarily control urine flowB. Decreased ability to voluntarily control fecal flowC. Decreased sensation to the penis or clitorisD. Decreased secretion by the seminal vesiclesE. Decreased sensation to the anal triangle
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Correct Answer: D
412. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the right kidney?A. It is lower (more inferior) than the left kidneyB. Its renal vein is longer than that of the left kidneyC. Its renal artery is longer than that of the left kidneyD. It is related to the liverE. Its inferior pole is usually palpable by bimanual examination in the right lumbar region
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Correct Answer: B
413. Select the INCORRECT statement about the uterus:A. In adult women, it is normally anteverted and anteflexedB. The fundus is located at the uterine opening into the vaginaC. A principal support is the transverse cervical (cardinal) ligamentsD. It is covered by the broad ligamentE. Its blood supply is primarily derived from the uterine arteries
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Correct Answer: B
414. Identify the INCORRECT statement about teniae coli:A. They are longitudinal bands of muscleB. They begin at the base of the vermiform appendix, where it is atached to the cecumC. They are 3 in numberD. They are skeletal muscleE. They are responsible for the haustra
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Correct Answer: D
415. Identify the INCORRECT regional location among the following list of organs:A. Liver -- Right upper quadrantB. Pyloric sphincter -- Transpyloric planeC. Vermiform appendix -- Umbilical regionD. Spleen -- Left upper quadrantE. Sigmoid colon -- Left lower quadrant
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Correct Answer: C
416. Severing (cutting) the spermatic cord immediately after it emerges from the superficial inguinal ring will interrupt all of the following, EXCEPT the:A. Cremaster reflexB. Cremaster arteryC. Genital branch of the genitofemoral nerveD. Ductus deferensE. Iliohypogastric nerve
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Correct Answer: E
417. Dissection of the posterior wall of the abdomen and pelvis will show that one of the following relationships of the ureter is false. Identify that FALSE relationship.A. It is retroperitoneal throughout its course in both sexesB. It enters the pelvis by crossing anterior to the iliac vessels in both sexesC. It is closely related to the lateral fornix of the vagina in the femaleD. It is narrowed at its entrance into the bladder in both sexesE. It passes above (superior to) the ductus deferens in the male
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Correct Answer: E
418. The mesosalpinx has what structure between its layers?A. OvaryB. Uterine tubeC. UterusD. Vaginal arteryE. Round ligament of the uterus
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Correct Answer: B
419. The vagal trunks enter the abdomen through the:A. Esophageal hiatusB. Inferior vena cava hiatusC. Aortic hiatusD. Medial arcuate ligamentE. Lateral arcuate ligament
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Correct Answer: A
420. The perineum is divided into two triangles by a line connecting the:A. Anterior superior iliac crestsB. Pubic tuberclesC. Inferior pubic ramiD. Sacral promontory to the pubic symphysisE. Ischial tuberosities
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Correct Answer: E
421. Select the DISCORDANT pair:A. Adrenal glands -- Superior mesenteric arteryB. Abdominal portion of the foregut -- Celiac arteryC. Midgut -- Superior mesenteric arteryD. Hindgut -- Inferior mesenteric arteryE. Uterus -- Anterior division of the internal iliac artery
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Correct Answer: A
422. The free edge of the lesser omentum contains the structures that pass to the porta hepatis. Which of the following is NOT included among those structures?A. Common hepatic arteryB. Bile ductC. Portal veinD. Lymphatics and autonomic nervesE. Main pancreatic duct
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Correct Answer: E
423. The inferior fascia of the urogenital diaphragm is called the:A. Superficial perineal membraneB. Colles' fasciaC. Scarpa's fasciaD. Deep perineal membraneE. Fascia lata
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Correct Answer: A
424. A patient complains that she has dull pain in her belly, pointing to her waist. Upon questioning, you determine that the pain is in her pelvis, along the midline from the pubic bone in front to the sacrum in back. Which organ or organs, from the options provided, would be reasonable causes of your patient's pain?A. Vermiform appendixB. Sigmoid colon, left ureterC. SpleenD. Transverse colon, pylorus of the stomach, duodenum, pancreasE. Urinary bladder, uterus/cervix/vagina, rectum
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Correct Answer: E
425. The dural venous sinuses are located between two layers of the arachnoid mater.A. TrueB. False
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Correct Answer: B
426. Septic thrombosis (an infected blood clot) in the cavernous sinus (known as thrombophlebitis of the cavernous sinus) often results in the development of acute meningitis. What is the usual superficial venous connection through which an infected blood clot courses to the cavernous sinus?A. Lingual veinB. Superficial temporal veinC. Facial veinD. Inferior alveolar veinE. Retromandibular vein
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Correct Answer: C
427. The cerebral arterial circle (of Willis) is formed by all of the following branches, EXCEPT theA. Superior cerebellar arteriesB. Posterior communicating arteriesC. Internal carotid arteriesD. Anterior cerebral arteriesE. Anterior communicating arteries
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Correct Answer: A
428. The basilar artery is formed by union of which arteries?A. Internal carotid arteriesB. Middle meningeal arteriesC. Anterior ethmoidal arteriesD. Ophthalmic arteriesE. Vertebral arteries
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Correct Answer: E
429. The pterion is an important clinical landmark because it overlies theA. Superior sagittal sinusB. Anterior branches of the middle meningeal arteryC. Confluence of sinusesD. Anterior cerebral arteriesE. Straight sinus
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Correct Answer: B
430. Through which bone of the base of the skull are located the optic foramen, superior orbital fissure, foramen rotundum, foramen ovale, and foramen spinosum?A. Frontal boneB. Ethmoid boneC. Sphenoid boneD. Temporal boneE. Occipital bone
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Correct Answer: C
431. The neck is divided into two large triangles by which muscle?A. Trapezius muscleB. Strap musclesC. Subclavius muscleD. Sternocleidomastoid muscleE. Anterior scalene muscle
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Correct Answer: D
432. Which statement is FALSE about the cervical plexus of nerves?A. The cutaneous branches emerge around the middle of the posterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscleB. They arise from ventral rami of C1 to C4 nervesC. The posterior branches are sensory nerves for the anterolateral aspect of the neck and superior part of the thoraxD. The anterior branches are motor nerves to the infrahyoid musclesE. The phrenic nerves arise from ventral rami of C1 to C2 nerves exclusively
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Correct Answer: E
433. Over which muscle in the neck do the phrenic nerves course?
A. Anterior scalene musclesB. Middle scalene musclesC. Posterior scalene musclesD. Sternocleidomastoid musclesE. Trapezius muscles
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Correct Answer: A
434. Which artery is NOT a direct branch of the thyrocervical trunk?A. Suprascapular arteryB. Vertebral arteryC. Transverse cervical arteryD. Inferior thyroid arteryE. No answer option provided
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Correct Answer: B
435. The carotid sheath extends from the base of the skull to the root of the neck. The inferior part of this sheath contains the:A. Common carotid artery, inferior jugular vein, sympathetic chainB. Common carotid artery, external jugular vein, sympathetic chainC. Internal carotid artery, external jugular vein, vagus nerveD. Internal carotid artery, internal jugular vein, phrenic nerveE. Common carotid artery, internal jugular vein, vagus nerve
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Correct Answer: E
436. Boundaries of the anterior triangle of the neck are theA. Inferior border of the mandible, anterior of border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle, anterior midline of the neckB. Inferior border of the mandible, anterior border of the omohyoid muscle, and anterior midline of the neckC. Inferior border of the mandible, superior border of the digastric muscle, and anterior midline of the neckD. Inferior border of the mandible, anterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle, and anterior border of the omohyoid muscleE. Inferior border of the mandible, superior border of the omohyoid muscle, and anterior midline of the neck
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Correct Answer: A
437. Direct tributaries of the internal jugular vein in the neck include all of the following, EXCEPT theA. Retromandibular veinB. Lingual veinC. Facial veinD. Superior and middle thyroid veinsE. Inferior thyroid vein
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Correct Answer: E
438. All of the following structures can be palpated in the neck, EXCEPT theA. Parathyroid glandsB. Hyoid boneC. Laryngeal prominenceD. Sternoclavicular jointE. Thyroid gland
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Correct Answer: A
439. Select the FALSE statement about the sympathetic trunks in the neck.A. They receive no white rami communicantes from cervical spinal nervesB. Their preganglionic fibers arise from the upper thoracic portions of the spinal cordC. They typically have superior, middle and inferior gangliaD. They are contained within the carotid sheathE. They contribute postganglionic fibers to the deep petrosal nerve
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Correct Answer: D
440. Identify the CORRECT order of visceral layers of the neck, from superficial to deep.A. Pharynx/esophagus, larynx/trachea, thyroid/parathyroidsB. Larynx/trachea, pharynx/esophagus, thyroid/parathyroidsC. Thyroid/parathyroids, larynx/trachea, pharynx/esophagusD. Thyroid/parathyroids, pharynx/esophagus, larynx/tracheaE. Larynx/trachea, thyroid/parathyroids, pharynx/trachea
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Correct Answer: C
441. The bifurcation of the right recurrent laryngeal nerve from the right vagus nerve is lower (more caudal) than the bifurcation of the left recurrent laryngeal nerve from the left vagus nerve.A. TrueB. False
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Correct Answer: B
442. Thyroidectomy (surgical removal of the thyroid gland) requires special care to preserve one or more of the parathyroid glands. Which statement is FALSE about the parathyroid glands?A. They are essential for life (for calcium regulation)B. They are located on the posterior surface of the thyroid glandC. Most people have 4 parathyroid glandsD. The superior parathyroid glands are usually at the level of the inferior border of the cricoid cartilageE. They have separate (unique) arterial and venous supply from that to the thyroid gland
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Correct Answer: E
443. Select the INCORRECT statement about the lymphatics/lymph nodes that are located in the neck.A. The thoracic duct typically drains into the junction of the right jugular vein and subclavian veinB. The thoracic duct drains lymph from all parts of the body, except the right half of the head and neck, and the right upper extremityC. The superficial cervical lymph nodes accompany the external jugular vein
D. The deep cervical lymph nodes accompany the internal jugular veinE. Lymph is drained from the thyroid and parathyroid glands
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Correct Answer: A
444. The hyoid group of muscles steady or move the hyoid bone and larynx. Identify the CORRECT statement about the hyoid muscles.A. The 4 suprahyoid muscles are the mylohyoid, geniohyoid, stylohyoid, and omohyoid musclesB. The 4 infrahyoid muscles are the sternohyoid, omohyoid, sternothyroid, and digastric musclesC. All of the hyoid muscles (suprahyoid and infrahyoid muscles) are innervated exclusively by the cervical plexus of nervesD. The two bellies of the digastric muscle arise from two separate pharyngeal archesE. The action of all 4 infrahyoid muscles is to steady the hyoid bone and larynx or to depress the hyoid bone and larynx
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Correct Answer: D
445. Which of the following nerves is considered purely motor?A. Oculomotor nerveB. Abducens nerveC. Facial nerveD. Trigeminal nerveE. Optic nerve
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Correct Answer: B
446. Which cranial nerve has a branch that would be affected by a bone tumor at the stylomastoid foramen?A. VIIB. XC. IXD. XIIE. V
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Correct Answer: A
447. The direct branch of the facial nerve that carries the special sense of taste from the anterior 2/3 of the tongueA. Passes through the superior orbital fissureB. Also carries parasympathetic fibers to the palateC. Exits the skull through the stylomastoid foramenD. Eventually joins with fibers of the inferior alveolar nerveE. Can be injured by erroneous placement of a tympanic membrane shunt
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Correct Answer: E
448. Cessation of parasympathetic innervation to the lacrimal gland (and subsequent chief complaint of dry eye) could result from which of the following?A. Increased pressure in the cavernous sinus
B. Compression at the superior orbital fissureC. A tumor in the optic nerveD. Compression at the internal acoustic meatusE. Severing the lingual nerve during 3rd molar surgery
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Correct Answer: D
449. The supratrochlear nerve is a terminal branch of what nerve?A. Ophthalmic nerveB. Frontal nerveC. Nasociliary nerveD. Lacrimal nerveE. V2 nerve
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Correct Answer: B
450. All of the following are true statements about the auriculotemporal nerve, EXCEPTA. It encircles the middle meningeal arteryB. It is a branch of V3C. Its cutaneous field borders the cutaneous field of V1D. It has sensory and motor functionsE. Its cutaneous field borders the cutaneous field of the lesser occipital nerve
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Correct Answer: D
451. Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding the muscles of facial expression?A. The digastric muscle is a muscle of facial expressionB. Some muscles of facial expression are innervated by the long buccal nerveC. They are in the same subcutaneous plane as the platysma muscleD. Some muscles of facial expression get their motor supply by the zygomaticofacial nerveE. All muscles of facial expression are attached to bone
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Correct Answer: C
452. Acting together, the lateral pterygoid musclesA. Protrude the mandibleB. Retract the mandibleC. Close the mandibleD. Open the mandibleE. Have no effect on the mandible
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Correct Answer: A
453. The mental foramen is foundA. In the maxillaB. In the mandibleC. In the zygomatic boneD. Immediately inferior to the orbitE. In the infratemporal fossa
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Correct Answer: B
454. The cranial meninges receive blood from a direct branch of the maxillary artery.A. TrueB. False
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Correct Answer: A
455. Branches of the anterior ethmoidal nerve of V1 innervate the nasal cavity.A. TrueB. False
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Correct Answer: A
456. Which statement is TRUE regarding the parasympathetic innervation to the nose?A. It is supplied by the oculomotor nerveB. Preganglionic fibers exit the cranial cavity through the jugular foramenC. Preganglionic fibers synapse in the pterygopalatine ganglionD. Postganglionic fibers run along with V1E. There is no need for parasympathetic innervation to the nose
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Correct Answer: C
457. To gain access into the frontal sinus via the nasal cavity, one would enter through theA. Sphenoethmoidal recessB. Middle meatusC. Inferior meatusD. Superior meatusE. Nasolacrimal duct
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Correct Answer: B
458. All of the following bones contribute to the nasal skeleton, septum or lateral walls, EXCEPT the:A. Ethmoid boneB. Frontal boneC. Maxillary boneD. Palatine boneE. Zygomatic bone
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Correct Answer: E
459. The sphenopalatine arteryA. Accompanies the infraorbital nerve to its terminationB. Enters the infratemporal fossa through the pterygomaxillary fissure
C. Supplies blood to the lateral nasal wall and nasal septumD. Is a terminal branch of the middle superior alveolar arteryE. Sends a branch into the pharyngeal canal
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Correct Answer: C
460. All of the following bones or bony landmarks are associated with the pharyngeal constrictors, EXCEPT the:A. Pterygoid hamulusB. MandibleC. MaxillaD. Occipital boneE. Greater horn of the hyoid bone
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Correct Answer: C
461. When determining if the submandibular duct is blocked, one would look for the duct to emptyA. Near the maxillary second molarB. Near the mandibular first molarC. From the incisive foramenD. Near the midline in the anterior aspect of the floor of the mouthE. Into the buccal vestibule near the mandibular ramus
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Correct Answer: D
462. Which of the following is associated with the tensor veli palatini muscle?A. The middle pharyngeal constrictorB. The hamulus of the lateral pterygoid plateC. The hamulus of the medial pterygoid plateD. V1 nerveE. The greater petrosal nerve
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Correct Answer: C
463. Which statement is TRUE of the muscle contained in the anterior palatal arch?A. It acts upon the pharynxB. It is innervated by the hypoglossal nerveC. It is innervated by the glossopharyngeal nerveD. It is considered a muscle of facial expressionE. It acts upon the tongue
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Correct Answer: E
464. Which statement is TRUE about the lingual artery?A. It is a branch of the facial arteryB. It is a branch of the maxillary arteryC. It gives rise to the submental arteryD. It's branches provide blood supply to the mandibular teethE. It lies deep to the hyoglossal muscle
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Correct Answer: A
465. The lingual nerve supplies which of the following?A. Motor innervation to the mylohyoid muscleB. Taste to the posterior 1/3 of the tongueC. Motor innervation to the genioglossus muscleD. General sensation to the posterior 1/3 of the tongueE. General sensation to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue
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Correct Answer: E
466. General sensory innervation to the interior of the tympanic membrane is via theA. Glossopharyngeal nerveB. Vagus nerveC. V3 nerveD. V2 nerveE. Auriculotemporal nerve
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Correct Answer: A
467. Tensing of the vocal cords relies entirely upon the vagus nerve for innervation.A. TrueB. False
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Correct Answer: A
468. Cranial nerves contained in or running through the middle ear have all of the following functions, EXCEPTA. MotorB. Special sensoryC. ParasympatheticD. General sensoryE. Sympathetic
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Correct Answer: E
469. Which of the following muscles does NOT originate from the common extensor tendon of the forearm?A. Extensor carpi radialis brevisB. Brachialis muscleC. Extensor carpi radialis longus muscleD. Extensor carpi ulnaris muscleE. Extensor digiti minimi muscle
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Correct Answer: B
470. Which of the following muscles originates from the common flexor tendon of the forearm?A. Flexor digitorum superficialis muscleB. Flexor digitorum profundus muscleC. Flexor pollicis longus muscleD. Pronator quadratus muscleE. Extensor carpi ulnaris muscle
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Correct Answer: A
471. Which of the following muscle combinations will work together to abduct the wrist?A. Pronator teres and brachioradialis musclesB. Palmaris longus and extensor digitorum musclesC. Extensor carpi radialis brevis and flexor carpi radialis musclesD. Extensor carpi radialis brevis and extensor carpi ulnaris musclesE. Supinator and extensor pollicis longus muscles
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Correct Answer: C
472. Which statement is TRUE regarding adduction of the digits of the hand?A. The palmar interosseous muscles are the sole adductors of the digitsB. The lumbrical muscles produce adduction of the digitsC. There are two muscles that produce adduction of the thumbD. All of the adductors of the digits take at least part of their attachments from metacarpal bonesE. Adduction of the digits will be affected by carpal tunnel syndrome
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Correct Answer: D
473. Muscles that act to flex the humerus include all of the following, EXCEPT theA. Coracobrachialis muscleB. Pectoralis major muscleC. Pectoralis minor muscleD. Deltoid muscleE. Biceps brachii muscle
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Correct Answer: C
474. Muscles that attach to the scapula include all of the following, EXCEPT theA. Serratus anterior muscleB. Triceps brachii muscleC. Teres major muscleD. Pectoralis minor muscleE. Pectoralis major muscle
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Correct Answer: E
475. Which nerve controls all adduction of the digits of the hand?A. Ulnar nerveB. Median nerve
C. Radial nerveD. Upper subscapular nerveE. Musculocutaneous nerve
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Correct Answer: A
476. Which of the following nerves is the only nerve originating from the lateral cord of the brachial plexus?A. Ulnar nerveB. Medial pectoral nerveC. Suprascapular nerveD. Lateral pectoral nerveE. Thoracodorsal nerve
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Correct Answer: D
477. Which of the following nerves does NOT innervate muscles that abduct the digits?A. Median nerveB. Radial nerveC. Ulnar nerveD. Musculocutaneous nerve
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Correct Answer: D
478. Damage to the lower subscapular nerve would affect which of the following muscles?A. Teres major muscleB. Teres minor muscleC. Supraspinatus muscleD. Infraspinatus muscleE. Serratus anterior muscle
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Correct Answer: A
479. Severance of the radial nerve in the arm would obliterate extension in the metacarpophalangeal joint of the index finger.A. TrueB. False
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Correct Answer: A
480. Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding a spinal cord injury at spinal level C8?A. The brachialis muscle will be paralyzedB. The muscles innervated by the radial nerve that would most likely be affected would be the most proximal onesC. The hypothenar muscles would be completely paralyzedD. Innervation to the deltoid muscle would be affectedE. The patient would be unable to flex their humerus
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Correct Answer: C
481. The intertubercular groove of the humerus is the location of theA. Tendon of the pectoralis minor muscleB. Tendon of the long head of the triceps brachii muscleC. Tendon of the coracobrachialis muscleD. Tendon of the short head of the biceps brachii muscleE. Tendon of the long head of the biceps brachii muscle
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Correct Answer: E
482. The head of the radius articulates with three carpal bones.A. TrueB. False
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Correct Answer: B
483. The superior ulnar collateral artery is a direct branch of which artery?A. Ulnar arteryB. Radial arteryC. Brachial arteryD. Profunda brachii arteryE. Axillary artery
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Correct Answer: C
484. The lateral thoracic artery accompanies which nerve?A. Long thoracic nerveB. Thoracodorsal nerveC. Upper subscapular nerveD. Medial pectoral nerveE. Median nerve
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Correct Answer: A
485. Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding the axillary artery?A. It is a continuation of an artery that emerges from between the same two muscles as the brachial plexus in the neckB. It gives rise directly to the circumflex scapular arteryC. It emerges through the quadrangular spaceD. It gives rise to the thyrocervical trunkE. It divides into the radial and ulnar arteries
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Correct Answer: A
486. The primary ventral rami of the brachial plexus (ventral rami = roots)
A. Emerge from between the middle and posterior scalene musclesB. Are formed from spinal levels C7 to T3C. Do not give rise to any nerves directlyD. Form the trunks of the brachial plexusE. Combine to form the cords of the brachial plexus
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Correct Answer: D
487. Which of the following muscles produces the main movement of the proximal radioulnar joint?A. Extensor carpi ulnaris muscleB. Pronator teres muscleC. Triceps brachii muscleD. Brachioradialis muscleE. Brachialis muscle
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Correct Answer: B
488. The ulnar collateral ligament secures the ulna to the humerus.A. TrueB. False
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Correct Answer: A
489. Muscles that strengthen the rotator cuff of the glenohumeral joint include all of the following, EXCEPT theA. Infraspinatus muscleB. Teres minor muscleC. Supraspinatus muscleD. Subscapularis muscleE. Teres major muscle
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Correct Answer: E
490. Which of the following statements is TRUE of the extensor retinaculum of the wrist?A. It is a direct extension of the axillary fasciaB. The median nerve runs deep to itC. The tendon of the brachioradialis muscle runs through itD. It contains a compartment for the thenar musclesE. It prevents the tendons of the posterior compartment of the forearm from "bowstringing" when the hand is extended at the wrist
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Correct Answer: E
491. The sartorius muscleA. Is a medial rotator of the thighB. Is innervated by the same nerve as the tensor fascia lataC. Crosses only one jointD. Lies deep to the adductor longus muscleE. Will flex the leg at the knee joint
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Correct Answer: E
492. Flexors of the thigh include all of the following, EXCEPT theA. Rectus femoris muscleB. Sartorius muscleC. Vastus medialis muscleD. Tensor fascia lata muscleE. Iliacus muscle
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Correct Answer: C
493. Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding the long head of the biceps femoris muscle?A. It arises from the same point as the gracilis muscleB. It shares innervation with the gracilis muscleC. It crosses two jointsD. It will plantar flex the foot at the ankleE. It will extend the leg at the knee
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Correct Answer: C
494. Which statement is TRUE regarding muscles of the posterior compartment of the leg?A. All pass deep to the extensor retinaculumB. All pass deep to the flexor retinaculumC. All of the posterior compartment leg muscles flex the legD. One of the posterior compartment leg muscles laterally rotates the femurE. All are innervated by the femoral nerve
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Correct Answer: D
495. Muscles producing dorsiflexion of the foot include all of the following, EXCEPT theA. Tibialis anterior muscleB. Peroneus tertius muscleC. Peroneus brevis muscleD. Extensor hallucis longus muscle
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Correct Answer: C
496. The gluteus medius muscleA. Flexes the thigh at the hip jointB. Extends the thigh at the hip jointC. Attaches to the linea aspera of the femurD. Attaches to the same two bones as the iliacus muscleE. Is completely covered by the gluteus maximus muscle
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Correct Answer: D
497. The genitofemoral nerve is a purely sensory nerve.A. TrueB. False
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Correct Answer: B
498. A deficit in the cutaneous field halfway down the anterior surface of the thighA. Is due to damage to the sciatic nerveB. Would result from compression of the ventral roots of L5 to S2C. Would result from damage to a nerve accompanying the artery in the adductor canalD. Could be the result of nerve damage during surgical procedures in the femoral sheathE. Would result from damage to the nerve that innervates the pectineus muscle
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Correct Answer: E
499. All of the following statements regarding the femoral nerve are true, EXCEPTA. It innervates muscles that arise from the pubisB. It innervates muscles that arise from the iliumC. It innervates a muscle that adducts the femurD. It innervates all of the muscles that flex the thighE. It emerges into the leg under cover of the inguinal ligament
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Correct Answer: D
500. The nerve that provides motor supply to the gluteus minimus muscleA. Also innervates a muscle of the anterior compartment of the thighB. Emerges from the lesser sciatic foramenC. Emerges inferiorly to the piriformis muscleD. Arises from spinal cord levels L2 - L4
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Correct Answer: A
501. The inferior cluneal nervesA. Are branches of the sciatic nerveB. Are branches of the posterior femoral cutaneous nerveC. Are branches of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerveD. Supply a cutaneous field on the thighE. Supply a cutaneous field that borders that of the sural nerve
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Correct Answer: B
502. Innervation to the peroneus brevis muscleA. Could be damaged by a fracture of the tibiaB. Is by a nerve that is a direct branch of the femoral nerveC. Is by a nerve that is accompanied by an artery in the same compartmentD. Is by the same distal nerve that innervates the peroneus tertius muscleE. Could be damaged by a fracture of the neck of the fibula
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Correct Answer: E
503. The linea asperaA. Is a landmark on the tibiaB. Is an attachment for the long head of the biceps femoris muscleC. Is inferior to the medial epicondyle of the femurD. Serves as attachment for adductors of the thighE. Is found on the inferior pubic ramus
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Correct Answer: D
504. The lateral malleolusA. Is an extension of the calcaneus boneB. Is a sesamoid boneC. Is the distal extension of the fibulaD. Is immediately deep to the common peroneal nerve
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Correct Answer: C
505. Which of the following statements about the obturator artery is TRUE?A. It enters the thigh immediately deep to the inguinal ligamentB. It exits through the greater sciatic foramenC. It is a branch of the external iliac arteryD. Its blood flow would be cut off by ligating the femoral arteryE. It is found in the medial compartment of the thigh
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Correct Answer: E
506. The fibular artery pierces the interosseous membrane to run in the anterior compartment of the leg.A. TrueB. False
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Correct Answer: B
507. The anterior cruciate ligament of the knee joint attaches to the anterior surface of the femur.A. TrueB. False
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Correct Answer: B
508. The posterior cruciate ligament of the knee joint will prevent the tibia from slidingA. PosteriorlyB. AnteriorlyC. Laterally
D. Medially
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Correct Answer: A
509. The first ligament to rupture with a plantar flexion-inversion ankle sprain is theA. Calcaneofibular ligamentB. Posterior talofibular ligamentC. Talotibial ligamentD. Anterior talofibular ligamentE. Tibiocalcaneal ligament
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Correct Answer: D
510. Posterior to the medial malleolus, the order of tendons from medial to lateral (anterior to posterior) isA. Posterior tibial, flexor hallucis longus, flexor digitorum longusB. Posterior tibial, flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallucis longusC. Flexor hallucis longus, flexor digitorum longus, posterior tibialD. Flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallucis longus, posterior tibialE. Flexor hallucis longus, posterior tibial, flexor digitorum longus
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Correct Answer: B
511. Of the deep fascia located in the anterolateral abdominal wall, which one forms the inguinal ligament?A. Internal abdominal oblique aponeurosisB. Transverse abdominal aponeurosisC. Internal spermatic fasciaD. Transversalis fasciaE. External abdominal oblique aponeurosis
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Correct Answer: E
512. Below the arcuate line in the anterior abdominal wall, the fascia (aponeurosis) of three anterolateral abdominal wall muscles course in which position?A. Posterior to the rectus abdominis muscleB. Anterior to the rectus abdominis muscleC. Through the rectus abdominis muscleD. They do not reach the rectus abdominis muscleE. None of the above are correct answers
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Correct Answer: B
513. The cremasteric muscle is an extension of theA. External abdominal oblique muscleB. Transverse abdominal muscleC. Internal abdominal oblique muscleD. Pyramidalis muscleE. Dartos muscle
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Correct Answer: C
514. Identify the INCORRECT statement about the lateral umbilical ligament (fold).A. It is formed by the inferior epigastric artery (and vein)B. The deep inguinal ring is lateral to the inferior epigastric arteryC. It is medial to the obliterated umbilical arteryD. A direct inguinal hernia passes through the anterior abdominal wall, medial to the lateral umbilical ligamentE. An indirect inguinal hernia passes through the anterior abdominal wall, lateral to the lateral umbilical ligament
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Correct Answer: C
515. You are on service in the Emergency Department when a rock climber is transported for emergency care after she fell. The patient is conscious but complains of not feeling her "legs". You determine she has no cutaneous sensation from her umbilicus to her toes. This initial neurologic exam result suggests that the patient sustained a spinal cord injury at which spinal cord level?A. T6B. T8C. T10D. L2E. L4
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Correct Answer: C
516. T F The posterior wall of the inguinal canal is formed by the transversalis fascia, which is reinforced medially by the conjoint tendonA. TrueB. False
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Correct Answer: A
517. While mountain biking down a ski slope, a male medical student hit a boulder. The collision caused him to fly into the handlebar of his bike. The biker was brought to the Emergency Department complaining of pain, tenderness and swelling of the perineum and lower part of the anterior abdominal wall. Based on this information, select the INCORRECT statement below.A. The patient most likely has a torn urethraB. Characteristically, a torn urethra would occur at the junction of the membranous and spongy parts of the male urethraC. Swelling of the lower part of the anterior abdominal wall is due to continuity of the superficial perineal space with the potential space deep to the membranous layer of the superficial fasciaD. Colles' fascia is not contiguous with Scarpa's fasciaE. Urine will not leak into the anal triangles or thighs
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Correct Answer: D
518. All of the following statements are true regarding the peritoneum, EXCEPTA. It is a serous membraneB. Intraperitoneal organs are almost completely covered with visceral peritoneum
C. An example of an intraperitoneal organ is the pancreasD. The peritoneal cavity communicates with the exterior of the body in females but not in malesE. Pain from the parietal peritoneum is sharp and focal
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Correct Answer: C
519. Identify the CORRECT statement about the parts of the peritoneumA. The lesser omentum connects the lesser curvature of the stomach and the proximal part of the duodenum to the liverB. The greater omentum connects the transverse colon to the liverC. The falciform ligament is derived from the dorsal mesogastrium (mesentery) of the embryoD. The gastrohepatic ligament conducts the portal triadE. The lesser omental bursa (sac) lacks an opening and therefore is an isolated compartment
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Correct Answer: A
520. A patient complains of dull discomfort in her belly that is accompanied by pain over her right shoulder and right scapula. Given that this unit exam covers the abdomen, pelvis and perineum, select the most likely organs that may be the source of her complaints.A. StomachB. Liver, duodenum and gallbladderC. Kidney and ureterD. SpleenE. Vermiform appendix
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Correct Answer: B
521. Select from the list of organs those that reasonably can be expected to lie within the lower right quadrant of the abdomen. Please assume that the GI tract rotated normally.A. Stomach, duodenum, spleen, pancreas and liverB. Descending colon and sigmoid colonC. Distal jejunum, cecum, vermiform appendixD. Distal duodenum and proximal jejunumE. Gallbladder
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Correct Answer: C
522. Diseases of the liver, such as chronic cirrhosis or cancer, may obstruct portal venous flow within the liver. Manifestations of this type of venous obstruction include expansion (dilation) of portal-caval anastomoses. Select the INCORRECTLY paired anastomoses between the portal and caval systems of veins.A. Left gastric vein: Esophageal veinsB. Obliterated umbilical vein: Paraumbilical veinsC. Superior rectal vein: Middle and inferior rectal veinsD. Inferior mesenteric vein: Splenic veinE. Veins from the descending colon: Left lumbar veins and left renal vein
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Correct Answer: D
523. You are performing surgery on a patient to remove the tail of his pancreas because it is cancerous. A third year medical student is assisting your surgical team. As the tail of the pancreas is being resected (removed), a cut artery starts spurting crimson blood. After you clamp the two cut ends of the artery, you ask the medical student who is observing the surgery to describe the arterial supply to the pancreas. The medical student makes the following statements. Which statement is INCORRECT?A. The pancreas derives its blood supply from the celiac trunk and superior mesenteric arteryB. The gastroduodenal artery ultimately gives rise to superior pancreaticoduodenal branchesC. The superior mesenteric artery ultimately gives rise to inferior pancreaticoduodenal arteriesD. The splenic artery supplies the spleen exclusivelyE. The pancreas may wrap around the splenic artery
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Correct Answer: D
524. Which of the following features about the duodenum is INCORRECT?A. It has four partsB. The head of the pancreas is nestled in the concavity of the duodenumC. The junction of the third and fourth parts of the duodenum is the location of the duodenal ampullaD. The duodenum is supplied by branches of both the celiac trunk and superior mesenteric arteryE. The pancreas usually has two ducts that enter the duodenum
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Correct Answer: C
525. Select the CORRECT statement about the small intestine.A. The superior mesenteric artery courses between the body and uncinate process of the pancreas before the artery supplies the jejunum and ileumB. The proximal jejunum has more arterial arcades than the distal ileumC. The mesentery of the distal ileum has less fat than the proximal jejunumD. Peyer's patches are more prominent in the proximal jejunum than the distal ileumE. Postganglionic sympathetic fibers to the jejunum and ileum arise from synapses with preganglionic sympathetic fibers located in the celiac ganglion
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Correct Answer: A
526. Concerning the lymphatic drainage of the GI tract, select the FALSE statement.A. Lymph arising from the GI tract drains to the cisterna chyli, from where the lymph flows into the thoracic ductB. The first set of lymph nodes that drain a GI organ typically are located around the organC. The second set of lymph nodes that drain a GI organ typically are located at the origin of the principal veins that drain the organD. Lymph arising from the GI tract carries absorbed lipids and may transmit metastatic cancer cells to the circulationE. Lymph from the rectum and anus drains to several groups of regional lymph nodes
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Correct Answer: C
527. Of the following nerves, which is NOT part of the somatic nerves of the posterior abdominal wall?A. Lumbar plexusB. Lumbosacral trunkC. Ilioinguinal and iliohypogastric nervesD. Genitofemoral nerveE. Pelvic splanchnics
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Correct Answer: E
528. Regarding the muscles of the posterior abdominal wall, identify the DISCORDANT pair of statements.A. Hiatus for the inferior vena cava: Vertebral level T10B. Hiatus for the aorta: Vertebral level T12C. Quadratus lumborum: Lateral arcuate ligamentD. Psoas major muscle: Medial arcuate ligamentE. Psoas major muscle: Pierced on its anterior surface by the genitofemoral nerve
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Correct Answer: A
529. Of the following statements about the abdominal aorta, which is INCORRECT?A. The left renal artery is shorter than the right renal arteryB. The first branches are paired and supply the diaphragm as well as the adrenal glandsC. The aorta gives paired branches directly to the adrenal glandsD. The superior mesenteric artery typically courses directly over (anterior to) the left renal veinE. The testicular/ovarian arteries typically arise from the aorta as an unpaired trunk
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Correct Answer: E
530. T F Bile synthesized and secreted by the liver accumulates in the gallbladder when the duodenal sphincter (of Oddi) is constricted (closed)A. TrueB. False
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Correct Answer: A
531. Select the FALSE statement about the urinary systemA. The left kidney is normally lower (more caudal) than the right kidneyB. The ureters originate as enlarged funnels at the renal hilaC. The ureters receive arterial branches from arteries that the ureters passD. The abdominal parts of the ureters are retroperitonealE. Peristalsis of the ureters is the result of waves of contraction of smooth muscle that comprise their wall
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Correct Answer: A
532. Imagine yourself as a third-year medical student and being asked to describe anatomic features that distinguish the hindgut from the foregut. Which of the following statements would you NOT make?A. The hindgut is principally supplied by the superior mesenteric arteryB. The hindgut begins at the splenic flexure of the colonC. The hindgut has haustraD. The hindgut has 3 separate bands of longitudinal muscle whereas the foregut has a single layer of longitudinal muscleE. The hindgut has omental appendices
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Correct Answer: A
533. Which of the following statements about the liver is FALSE?A. The liver is the largest organ of the bodyB. The quadrate lobe is located anteriorly, between the gallbladder and obliterated umbilical vein (ligamentum teres hepatis)C. The bare area of the liver is on its inferior surfaceD. Its arterial blood supply is derived from the celiac truckE. The lesser omentum (sac) is inferior to the liver
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Correct Answer: C
534. The portal vein is formed typically by union of the splenic vein with the inferior mesenteric veinA. TrueB. False
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Correct Answer: B
535. The pelvic diaphragm closes the pelvic outlet. Which list of muscles correctly identifies all of the components of the pelvic diaphragm?A. Coccygeus and piriformis musclesB. Coccygeus, iliococcygeus, pubococcygeus and puborectalis musclesC. Obturator internus, coccygeus, iliococcygeus and pubococcygeus musclesD. Iliococcygeus, pubococcygeus and puborectalis musclesE. Psoas and iliacus muscles
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Correct Answer: B
536. You are assisting a cardiovascular surgeon repair a dissecting aneurysm of the abdominal aorta. As the surgeon reflects the abdominal contents from the left to the right side of the body, she asks you to recite the venous tributaries to the inferior vena cava. One of your recitations is INCORRECT. Which one?A. The left renal vein receives the left gonadal veinB. The right gonadal vein enters the inferior vena cava directlyC. The left renal vein does not receive veins from the left adrenal glandD. Hepatic veins drain portal venous blood to the inferior vena cavaE. Lumbar veins drain into the inferior vena cava
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Correct Answer: C
537. Select the INCORRECT statement about the pelvis.A. The greater pelvis (false pelvis) is inferior to the arcuate line of the os coxaeB. The os coxae is formed by fusion of the pubis, ischium and iliumC. The three bones that form the os coxae fuse at the acetabular fossaD. For a gynecoid pelvis (typically a female pelvis), the true pelvis is generally wider and shallower than an android pelvis (typically a male pelvis)E. A male pelvis typically has a narrower pubic arch and subpubic angle than a female pelvis
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Correct Answer: A
538. The levator ani muscle arises from the tendinous arch of the fascia of which pelvic wall muscle?
A. Obturator internus fasciaB. Piriformis fasciaC. Puborectalis fasciaD. Psoas major fasciaE. Iliacus fascia
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Correct Answer: A
539. Which vessel is NOT a usual branch of the posterior division of the internal iliac artery?A. Iliolumbar arteryB. Inferior gluteal arteryC. Superior gluteal arteryD. Lateral sacral artery
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Correct Answer: B
540. Select the muscle that does NOT contribute to the perineal body.A. Bulbospongiosus muscleB. Superficial transverse perineal muscleC. External anal sphincterD. Piriformis muscleE. Deep transverse perineal muscle
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Correct Answer: D
541. Which matched pair of statements identifies an INCORRECT homology between males and females?A. Bulb of the penis: Bulb of the vestibuleB. Crura of the corpus cavernosum penis: Crura of the corpus cavernosum clitorisC. Perineal body in the male: Perineal body in the femaleD. Sphincter urethrae in the male: Sphincter urethrae in the femaleE. Corpus cavernosum penis: Greater vestibular bulb
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Correct Answer: E
542. Of the boundaries of the ischioanal fossa that are listed below, which is INCORRECT?A. Laterally: Ischium and obturator internus muscle and fasciaB. Inferiorly: Pelvic diaphragmC. Posteriorly: Sacrotuberous ligament and coccyxD. Medially: Anal canalE. Anteriorly: Posterior border of the UG diaphragm
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Correct Answer: B
543. T F The ureter crosses over the uterine artery in the female.A. TrueB. False
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Correct Answer: B
544. An obstetrician decides to perform bilateral pudendal nerve anesthesia to a woman in labor. The obstetrician asks you to describe that nerve and its path. Among your descriptions is one that is INCORRECT. Identify the incorrect statement from those listed below.A. The pudendal nerves arise from spinal cord levels L4-S1B. The nerves leave the pelvis via the greater sciatic foraminaC. The pudendal nerves hook around the ischial spinesD. The pudendal nerves pass through the lesser sciatic foraminaE. The pudendal nerves give rise to the inferior rectal nerves in the ischioanal fascia and continue anteriorly as the perineal nerves
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Correct Answer: A
545. The following statements about the GI tract are true, EXCEPTA. Folds of mucosa in the stomach are called rugaeB. The pyloric antrum is the distal end of the duodenumC. The major duodenal papilla is an internal landmark at the junction of the 2nd and 3rd parts of the duodenumD. The sigmoid colon is suspended by a mesenteryE. The rectum has three sharp lateral flexures externally that are caused by three internal infoldings (transverse rectal folds)
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Correct Answer: B
546. During a hysterectomy, the surgeon has to be careful not to clamp the ureters when she clamps theA. Broad ligamentsB. Uterine tubesC. Uterine arteriesD. A bleeding vessel in the anterior abdominal wallE. Ovarian ligaments
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Correct Answer: C
547. The uterus is supported in the pelvic cavity by a number of ligaments. Select the ligament from those listed below that does NOT support the uterusA. Broad ligament of the uterusB. Cardinal ligament of the uterusC. Round ligament of the uterusD. Ovarian ligament of the uterusE. Uterosacral ligament
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Correct Answer: D
548. T F The broad ligament of the uterus is subdivisible into the mesometrium, mesosalpinx and mesovariumA. TrueB. False
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Correct Answer: A
549. Imagine that you specialize in gynecology. Further imagine that one of your patients is diagnosed with ovarian cancer and that lymph node staging indicates that the cancer has metastasized centrally. You explain to your patient and her husband that the cancer has spread from the ovaries to the first group of lymph nodes around the aorta that directly drains the ovaries. After some discussion, the husband asks you the following basic anatomy question: "Where are the lymph nodes located?" Your response isA. The origin of the inferior phrenic arteriesB. The origin of the ovarian arteriesC. The origin of the superior mesenteric arteryD. The origin of the lumbar arteriesE. The origin of the renal arteries
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Correct Answer: B
550. UNIT 2 40T F The contents of the pudendal canal exit the pelvis via the lesser sciatic foramen and return to the pelvis via the greater sciatic foramenA. TrueB. False
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Correct Answer: B
551. Concerning innervation of the pelvic viscera, which statement is INCORRECT?A. Parasympathetic fibers arise from S2-S4 spinal cord segmentsB. The parasympathetic fibers to the pelvic viscera are also called pelvic splanchnic nervesC. The pelvic splanchnic nerves mix (converge) with the inferior hypogastric nerves (sympathetic nerves) before innervating the pelvic visceraD. The pudendal nerves carry only somatic sensory informationE. Sympathetic nerves to the pelvic viscera arise from paravertebral ganglia from L1 (T12) to L2 levels
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Correct Answer: D
552. Imagine yourself as Dr. Albertine (yes, a very bad dream!), when he had hair. You want to give an anatomy lesson to your young kids (hence the hair on your head). You have them drink a lot of carbonated soda quickly while they are leaning to their right. You then instruct them to lean to their left when they have the urge (need?) to burp. Once the music and giggling are over, you explain the anatomy lesson to these two eager minds. Select the statement that you would NOT make.A. The esophagus enters the stomach on the stomach's right side, well below the top (fundus) of the stomach so the gas was stuck in the stomach until they leaned to the leftB. The gas bubbles were stuck in their ears until they leaned to the leftC. The carbonation filled their stomach, causing it to be stretched and therefore feel like it was about to explodeD. The discomfort of their stomach was spread out over their tummy, rather than being sharp and specific (such as the feeling caused when being pricked with a pin - the subject of a future lesson)E. They will probably have to "P" soon (the subject of yet another future lesson)
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Correct Answer: B
553. The pterygomandibular raphae serves as a point of attachment for theA. Superior pharyngeal constrictor muscle
B. Middle pharyngeal constrictor muscleC. Lateral pterygoid muscleD. Medial pterygoid muscleE. Tensor veli palatini muscle
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Correct Answer: A
554. The CORRECT boundaries of the posterior triangle of the neck are theA. Anterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle, inferior border of the mandible, and anterior midline of the neckB. Posterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle, clavicle, and anterior border of the trapezius muscleC. Anterior borders of both sternocleidomastoid muscles, inferior border of the mandible, suprasternal notch of the manubriumD. Anterior borders of both trapezius muscles, occipital bone, and the posterior midline of the neckE. Both bellies of the digastric muscle, and inferior border of the mandible
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Correct Answer: B
555. Of the following statements about the cervical plexus of the neck, which is INCORRECT?A. Spinal levels C1-C4 contribute to the cervical plexusB. The named sensory branches emerge from the middle of the posterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle and ascend, descend and traverse the neckC. The named motor branches in the carotid triangle course along the wall of the carotid sheathD. The ansa cervicalis provides motor supply to the suprahyoid musclesE. The superior root of the ansa cervicalis arises from spinal cord level C1
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Correct Answer: D
556. Select the CORRECT statement about the arteries of the neckA. The thyrocervical trunk typically gives rise to the inferior thyroid artery, transverse cervical artery and suprascapular arteryB. Arterial branches to the face arise from the internal carotid arteryC. The carotid sinus is located at the origin of the external carotid arteryD. The facial artery courses superficial to the submandibular salivary glandE. The vertebral arteries arise from the external carotid arteries
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Correct Answer: A
557. T F The sympathetic chain in the neck courses in the carotid sheathA. TrueB. False
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Correct Answer: B
558. T F The platysma muscle is considered a muscle of facial expression because its motor supply is the facial nerve (CN VII)A. TrueB. False
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Correct Answer: A
559. Of the following muscles, which one will NOT depress (lower) the larynx by its action on the hyoid bone?A. Sternothyroid muscleB. Sternohyoid muscleC. Mylohyoid muscleD. Omohyoid muscleE. Thyrohyoid muscle
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Correct Answer: C
560. T F The thoracic duct returns lymph to the central venous circulation by emptying its contents at the junction of the left internal jugular vein and left subclavian veinA. TrueB. False
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Correct Answer: A
561. Select the INCORRECT statement about the neckA. The great auricular nerve courses with the external jugular vein as the latter ascends along the sternocleidomastoid muscleB. The parathyroid glands are usually 4 in number, they are located on the posterior aspect of the thyroid gland, and they are essential for lifeC. No lymph nodes are located around the internal jugular vein in the neckD. The brachial plexus emerges from the vertebral column, between the anterior and middle scalene musclesE. The investing fascia of the neck is deep fascia that splits and rejoins itself to surround both trapezius muscles and both sternocleidomastoid muscles
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Correct Answer: C
562. Imagine that you are in the Emergency Department when a patient is rushed in who sustained a crushing blow to the neck. Because of the neck injury, the EMTs had made a tracheostomy to establish an open airway. Once the patient was stabilized in the Emergency Department, the attending physician asked you to explain why the EMT personnel made the tracheostomy below the cricoid cartilage. Your answers, listed below, are correct, except for one answer. Please select the INCORRECT answer.A. The cricoid cartilage is the only complete ring in the respiratory treeB. The cricoid cartilage can be identified during digital examination of the neck by moving one's finger(s) downward from the laryngeal prominence of the thyroid cartilages; the first cartilage inferior to the thyroid cartilages is the cricoid cartilageC. The isthmus of the thyroid gland usually covers the cricoid cartilage or the upper tracheal cartilages so the isthmus has to be pushed superiorly out of the way, or cutD. The vocal folds (ligaments) are superior to the lamina of the cricoid cartilage so they will not be injured by an infracricoid approachE. The inferior thyroid arteries cross the midline of the neck in the region of the cricoid cartilage so these arteries have to be identified and spared before making an infracricoid tracheostomy
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Correct Answer: E
563. The retropharyngeal space is an important space in the neck from a clinical perspective. Please identify the INCORRECT statement about this space.A. It is located between the portion of the pretracheal fascia that is deep (posterior) to the pharynx and esophagus (hence is also called the buccopharyngeal fascia) and the prevertebral fasciaB. Infections in this space can ascend to the base of the skullC. Infections in this space cannot descend to the thoracic inletD. The presence of this space allows the visceral compartment of the neck to be mobile (glide/slide)E. Radiographically, this space cannot be clearly identified in a normal neck because it is a potential space
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Correct Answer: C
564. The action of the posterior cricoarytenoid muscles is toA. Adduct the arytenoid cartilagesB. Abduct the vocal processes of the arytenoid cartilagesC. Relax the vocal ligamentsD. Assist in closure of the vestibuleE. Elevate the vocal ligaments
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Correct Answer: B
565. Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding the sensory innervation to the mucous membranes of the larynx?A. They are supplied by a nerve that originates in the posterior cranial fossaB. They are supplied by a nerve that exits the cranial cavity with the internal jugular veinC. They are supplied by the same nerve that uses the otic ganglion for synapses between pre- and postganglionic parasympathetic nerve fibersD. They are supplied by the same nerve that innervates the palatoglossal muscleE. They are supplied by the same nerve that provides motor innervation to the intrinsic muscles of the larynx
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Correct Answer: C
566. Which of the following bones is NOT paired?A. Parietal boneB. Ethmoid boneC. Maxillary boneD. Palatine boneE. Inferior nasal concha
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Correct Answer: B
567. The olfactory foraminaA. Are located in the middle cranial fossaB. Are located in the anterior cranial fossaC. Are located immediately inferior to the optic foramenD. Have motor neurons running through themE. Are located in the sphenoid bone
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Correct Answer: B
568. Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding the scalp?A. It receives blood supply from branches of the internal carotid and vertebral arteriesB. The tendinous aponeurosis is firmly attached to the pericranium (periosteum)C. It receives innervation from the trigeminal nerve exclusivelyD. It receives blood supply from branches of the internal carotid and external carotid arteriesE. All of the above are true statements
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Correct Answer: D
569. The inferior sagittal sinusA. Drains directly into the confluence of sinusesB. Is found in the falx cerebelliC. Is formed between two layers of meningeal duraD. Drains into the superior petrosal sinusE. Contains valves, unlike the other venous dural sinuses
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Correct Answer: C
570. The cerebral aqueductA. Connects the lateral ventriclesB. Connects the third ventricle with the subarachnoid spaceC. Empties into the confluence of sinusesD. Connects the subarachnoid space with the inferior sagittal sinusE. Connects the third and fourth ventricles
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Correct Answer: E
571. Which of the following cranial nerves does NOT have a parasympathetic component?A. Facial nerve (CN VII)B. Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)C. Vagus nerve (CN X)D. Abducent nerve (CN VI)E. Oculomotor nerve (CN III)
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Correct Answer: D
572. The ciliary ganglionA. Is a sympathetic ganglionB. Is used for parasympathetic innervation to the lacrimal glandC. Is used by the facial nerve (CN VII)D. Would be affected by severance of the oculomotor nerve (CN III)E. Is a sensory ganglion
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Correct Answer: D
573. T F Divisions of the trigeminal nerve (CN V1, V2 and V3) exit exclusively through foramina contained in the middle cranial fossa
A. TrueB. False
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Correct Answer: A
574. Lesions of the glossopharyngeal nerve wouldA. Affect the sympathetic innervation to the parotid glandB. Affect the parasympathetic innervation to the submandibular glandC. Affect taste to the anterior 1/3 of the tongueD. Result in general sensory deficit to the pharynxE. Result in loss of motor innervation to the risorius muscle
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Correct Answer: D
575. The inferior palpebral nerve is a terminal branch of theA. Infraorbital nerveB. Nasociliary nerveC. Lacrimal nerveD. Zygomatic nerveE. Facial nerve
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Correct Answer: A
576. Motor innervation of the orbicularis oculi muscle is byA. A branch of a nerve that exits through the infraorbital foramenB. A branch of a nerve that exits through the stylomastoid foramenC. A branch of the same nerve that innervates the temporalis muscleD. A branch of a nerve that would be affected by increased pressure in the cavernous venous sinusE. A branch of the same nerve that innervates the levator palpebrae superioris muscle
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Correct Answer: B
577. Which of the following structures is NOT found in the infratemporal fossa?A. Branches of the second part of the maxillary arteryB. The middle meningeal arteryC. The otic ganglionD. The nerve that gives rise to the mental nerveE. The Vidian canal
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Correct Answer: E
578. T F All of the muscles that act on the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) are innervated by branches of CN V3A. TrueB. False
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Correct Answer: A
579. Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding the opening of the maxillary air sinus in the nasal cavity?A. It is located at the base of the maxillary air sinusB. It is located in the same meatus as the opening for the nasolacrimal ductC. It is located in the same meatus as the frontonasal ductD. It empties into the sphenoid air sinusE. All of the above are true statements
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Correct Answer: C
580. Ligation of the facial artery at the inferior border of the mandible willA. Decrease blood flow to some parts of the nasal septumB. Decrease blood flow to the mandibular teethC. Eliminate blood flow to the lower eyelidD. Decrease the blood flow to the corneaE. Eliminate blood flow to the lower lip
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Correct Answer: A
581. T F The palate receives blood supply from the maxillary and the facial arteriesA. TrueB. False
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Correct Answer: A
582. Which of the following statements is NOT true regarding the innervation of the tongue?A. The motor innervation will be affected by a lesion in the hypoglossal canalB. Taste could be affected by a misplaced incision of the tympanic membraneC. Taste could be affected by increased pressure in the jugular foramenD. Loss of general sensation to the entire tongue could result from severance of the lingual nerveE. Preganglionic parasympathetic fibers to the mucosa of the tongue course in the lingual nerve
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Correct Answer: D
583. The pterygomandibular raphae serves as a point of attachment for theA. Superior pharyngeal constrictor muscleB. Middle pharyngeal constrictor muscleC. Lateral pterygoid muscleD. Medial pterygoid muscleE. Tensor veli palatini muscle
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Correct Answer: A
584. The left lateral pterygoid muscle, acting alone, will shift the mandibleA. Laterally, to the rightB. Laterally, to the left
C. AnteriorlyD. PosteriorlyE. Down
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Correct Answer: A
585. Choose the CORRECT statement regarding the mouth and pharynxA. The hard palate is formed mostly by the maxillary and sphenoid bonesB. Elevation of the soft palate is achieved by a muscle innervated by the glossopharyngeal nerveC. A muscle that both elevates the pharynx and depresses the soft palate is innervated by CN XIID. A muscle that both opens the auditory tube and tenses the palate is innervated by CN IIIE. The nerves that contribute to the pharyngeal plexus are CN IX, CN X, preganglionic sympathetic fibers and CN XII
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Correct Answer: D
586. The muscle whose action is to tense the tympanic membrane is innervated by theA. Chorda tympani nerveB. Maxillary division of the trigeminal nerveC. Facial nerveD. Vagus nerveE. Glossopharyngeal nerve
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Correct Answer: B
587. All of the following structures are found in the middle ear, EXCEPT theA. Stapedius muscleB. Chorda tympani nerveC. Tensor tympani muscleD. PromontoryE. Cochlea
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Correct Answer: E
588. Which of the following structures separates the anterior and posterior chambers in the eyeball?A. The lensB. The corneaC. The irisD. The pupilE. The ciliary processes
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Correct Answer: C
589. Surgical resection of the parotid salivary gland is fraught with potential danger because the facial nerve emerges through this gland. Which of the following statements about this region is FALSE?A. The facial nerve emerges from the base of the skull through the jugular foramenB. The terminal branches of the facial nerve are the temporal, zygomatic, buccal, mandibular and cervical branchesC. The facial nerve provides motor fibers to the muscles of facial expression
D. The facial nerve does not provide motor innervation to the buccinator muscleE. The facial nerve provides motor fibers to the posterior belly of the digastric muscle
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Correct Answer: A
590. T F The superior and inferior ophthalmic veins drain to the cavernous venous sinusA. TrueB. False
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Correct Answer: A
591. Branches of the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve include the following branches, EXCEPT theA. Frontal nerveB. Supratrochlear nerveC. Lacrimal nerveD. Infraorbital nerveE. Nasociliary nerve
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Correct Answer: D
592. Lateral movement of the eyeball is effected by which nerve?A. Oculomotor nerveB. Trigeminal nerveC. Abducens nerveD. Trochlear nerveE. Optic nerve
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Correct Answer: C
593. The medial wall of the orbit is formed by all of the following bones, EXCEPT theA. Ethmoid boneB. Zygomatic boneC. Frontal boneD. Lacrimal boneE. Sphenoid bone
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Correct Answer: B
594. The cerebral arterial circle (of Willis) is directly formed by all of the following arteries, EXCEPT theA. Posterior cerebral arteriesB. Middle cerebral arteriesC. Posterior communicating arteryD. Anterior communicating arteryE. Vertebral arteries
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Correct Answer: E
595. T F Cerebrospinal fluid is formed by the arachnoid granulations and absorbed by the choroid plexusA. TrueB. False
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Correct Answer: B
596. Of the following muscles, which one hooks around the hamulus?A. Salpingopharyngeus muscleB. Tensor veli palatini muscleC. Palatopharyngeus muscleD. Levator veli palatini muscleE. Palatoglossus muscle
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Correct Answer: B
597. While working with a patient, you are asked by the attending physician to draw some blood from the patient's median cubital vein. You remember from gross anatomy that this vein is located in theA. Posterior aspect of the kneeB. Femoral triangleC. Dorsal surface of the handD. Anterior aspect of the elbowE. Deltopectoral triangle
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Correct Answer: D
598. All of the following are carpal bones, EXCEPT theA. CuboidB. TrapeziumC. PisiformD. HamateE. Capitate
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Correct Answer: A
599. When you rest your elbows on a desk, what bony landmark of the upper limb are you resting on?A. Styloid process of the radiusB. Deltoid tuberosity of the humerusC. Olecranon process of the ulnaD. Coronoid process of the ulnaE. Radial tuberosity
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Correct Answer: C
600. All of the following muscles attach to the scapula, EXCEPT theA. Brachialis muscleB. Trapezius muscle
C. Pectoralis minor muscleD. Subscapularis muscleE. Teres major muscle
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Correct Answer: A
601. While on rounds with your attending physician, you are informed that the patient you are about to meet has a rotator cuff injury. The attending physician states that the rotator cuff is comprised of a musculotendinous cuff surrounding the shoulder joint and consists of the supraspinatus, infraspinatus and subscapularis muscles. What muscle did he forget?A. Deltoid muscleB. Subclavius muscleC. Long head of the biceps brachii muscleD. Teres minor muscleE. Coracobrachialis muscle
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Correct Answer: D
602. Each of the following is a true statement regarding the coracoid process of the scapula, EXCEPT that itA. Attaches the coracobrachialis muscleB. Is located deep to the deltopectoral triangleC. Attaches the teres minor muscleD. Is superior to the glenoid cavity and projects anterolaterallyE. Attaches the short head of the biceps brachii muscle
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Correct Answer: C
603. In the anatomical position, the distal end of the radius articulates primarily with which of the following bones at the wrist joint?A. TriquetrumB. CapitateC. PisiformD. ScaphoidE. Trapezium
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Correct Answer: D
604. The elbow is an example of a synovial _____________ jointA. EllipsoidB. HingeC. Ball and socketD. PlaneE. Bicondylar
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Correct Answer: B
605. Loss of action of the muscle inserting on the crest of the lesser tubercle of the humerus would result from damage to the ________ nerve
A. RadialB. Long thoracicC. MedianD. Lower subscapularE. Axillary
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Correct Answer: D
606. A patient damages the nerve that is posterior to the medial epicondyle of the humerus. This would most likely result in loss ofA. Extension of the metacarpophalangeal joints of digits 4-5B. Flexion in the distal interphalangeal joint of digit 5 *C. Abduction of the thumb (digit 1)D. General cutaneous sensation from the skin overlying the thenar eminenceE. Function of lumbricals 1-2
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Correct Answer: B
607. All of the following structures pass through the carpel tunnel at the wrist (formed by the flexor retinaculum and carpal bones), EXCEPT theA. Median nerveB. Flexor digitorum profundus tendonsC. Flexor carpi ulnaris tendonD. Flexor pollicis longus tendonE. Flexor digitorum superficialis tendons
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Correct Answer: C
608. The posterior wall of the axilla is formed by the scapula, subscapularis muscle, teres major muscle and:A. Trapezius muscleB. Pectoralis major muscleC. Serratus anterior muscleD. Latissimus dorsi muscleE. Supraspinatus muscle
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Correct Answer: D
609. All of the following muscles attach to the medial epicondyle of the humerus, EXCEPT theA. Pronator teres muscleB. Flexor carpi radialis muscleC. Flexor digitorum profundus muscleD. Flexor carpi ulnaris muscleE. Palmaris longus muscle
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Correct Answer: C
610. The posterior cord of the brachial plexus generally contains nerve fibers from what level(s) of the spinal cord?
A. C5 onlyB. C5, C6 and C7 onlyC. C5, C6, C7, C8 and T1D. C7, C8 and T1 onlyE. C8 and T1 only
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Correct Answer: C
611. Each of the following arteries contributes to the collateral circulation around the elbow, EXCEPT theA. Superior ulnar collateral arteryB. Anterior interosseous arteryC. Radial collateral arteryD. Middle collateral arteryE. Deep brachial artery
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Correct Answer: B
612. Growth hormone is transported via the venous system from the pituitary gland to the heart, through the heart and then distributed systemically. Imagine that the growth hormone is flowing to the latissimus dorsi muscle. Identify a correct arterial sequence for the growth hormone to reach that muscle, starting at the subclavian artery.A. subclavian - axillary - subscapular - thoracodorsalB. subclavian - axillary - acromioclavicular - acromialC. subclavian - axillary - supreme thoracic - intercostalD. subclavian - axillary - thyrocervical trunk - suprascapularE. subclavian - costocervical trunk - suprascapular
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Correct Answer: A
613. Identify the TRUE statement regarding the suprascapular nerve.A. It courses superior to the suprascapular ligament on route to the supraspinatus muscleB. It contains nerve fibers from C5 and C6 spinal cord segmentsC. It innervates the teres minor muscleD. It provides cutaneous innervation to the posterolateral surface of the shoulderE. It branches from the middle trunk of the brachial plexus
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Correct Answer: B
614. A patient complains of severe "pins and needles" sensations in her left hand, over parts of the thumb and parts of digits 1 and 2. During physical examination, the patient has difficulty unbuttoning her shirt and complains of weakness grasping objects with her hands. What nerve is most likely injured?A. Ulnar nerveB. Median nerveC. Radial nerveD. Musculocutaneous nerveE. Axillary nerve
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Correct Answer: B
615. What artery courses posterior to the medial epicondyle of the humerus, with the ulnar nerve?A. Superior ulnar collateral arteryB. Anterior ulnar recurrent arteryC. Radial collateral arteryD. Middle collateral arteryE. Interosseous recurrent artery
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Correct Answer: A
616. The quadrangular space of the shoulder is an anatomical region bounded by the teres major and minor muscles, long head of the triceps brachii muscle and surgical neck of the humerus. This space contains the axillary nerve and the _____________A. Circumflex scapular arteryB. Radial nerveC. Posterior circumflex humeral arteryD. Deep artery of the armE. Thoracodorsal nerve
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Correct Answer: C
617. The ____________ nerve innervates the muscles of the anterior compartment of the armA. MedianB. MusculocutaneousC. RadialD. UlnarE. Axillary
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Correct Answer: B
618. T F The superficial palmar arterial arch is formed primarily by the radial artery.A. TrueB. False
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Correct Answer: B
619. Which of the following muscles is an antagonist (has an opposing action) to the serratus anterior muscle, which is the primary protractor of the scapula?A. Levator scapulae muscleB. Rhomboid major muscleC. Pectoralis minor muscleD. Supraspinatus muscleE. Deltoid muscle
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Correct Answer: B
620. Jane Doe underwent radical mastectomy surgery to remove her left breast and all of the axillary lymph nodes on that side due to breast cancer. During one of her postoperative visits with her surgeon, Mrs. Doe pushed both hands against the wall to support herself while she removed her shoes with her feet. The surgeon noticed that while she did this the medial border and inferior angle of her left scapula pulled
away from the posterior thoracic wall, giving a "winged scapula" appearance. This concerned the surgeon because it meant that she probably cut the _______________ nerve during the surgical procedure.A. Axillary nerveB. Musculocutaneous nerveC. Lower subscapular nerveD. Medial pectoral nerveE. Long thoracic nerve
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Correct Answer: E
621. Dislocation of the proximal radio-ulnar joint and stretching of the annular ligament will make what movement very painful?A. Elbow flexionB. SupinationC. Elbow extensionD. Shoulder abductionE. Radial deviation of the wrist
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Correct Answer: B
622. All of the following statements concerning the great saphenous vein are true, EXCEPT that itA. Terminates in the femoral veinB. Courses posterior to the lateral condyle of the femurC. Courses anterior to the medial malleolusD. Can be used for coronary artery by-pass surgeryE. Courses through the superficial fascia of the lower limb
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Correct Answer: B
623. Which of the following statements is CORRECT regarding the foot?A. The adductor hallucis muscle acts on digit 5B. The flexor digitorum brevis muscle is located in the third layer of the footC. The dorsal interossei muscles are located in the fourth layer of the footD. The medial plantar nerve innervates the flexor digiti minimi brevis muscleE. The flexor hallucis brevis muscle has oblique and transverse heads
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Correct Answer: C
624. What region of the os coxae are you sitting on right now?A. Ischial tuberositiesB. Inferior pubic ramiC. Ischial spinesD. Posterior inferior iliac spinesE. Pectineal line of the pubis
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Correct Answer: A
625. The semimembranosus muscle provides what movement(s) in the lower extremity?A. Flexion of the hip and extension of the knee
B. Flexion of the hip and flexion of the kneeC. Extension of the hip and flexion of the kneeD. Extension of the hip and extension of the kneeE. Flexion of the hip only
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Correct Answer: C
626. Each of the following statements concerning the femoral triangle is correct, EXCEPT that theA. Femoral artery is lateral to the femoral veinB. Sartorius muscle, adductor longus muscle and inguinal ligament form its boundariesC. The femoral nerve is medial to the femoral arteryD. The floor is formed by the iliopsoas and pectineus musclesE. The lymphatics are medial to the femoral vein
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Correct Answer: C
627. Each of the following muscles laterally rotates the femur at the hip joint, EXCEPT theA. Obturator internus muscleB. Superior gemellus muscleC. Piriformis muscleD. Gluteus minimus muscleE. Obturator externus muscle
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Correct Answer: D
628. Identify the CORRECT statement regarding the posterior compartment of the leg (crus)A. The muscles plantar flex the foot and are innervated by the tibial nerveB. The muscles dorsiflex the foot and are innervated by the common fibular nerveC. The muscles plantar flex the foot and are innervated by the femoral nerveD. The muscles dorsiflex the foot and are innervated by the tibial nerveE. The muscles dorsiflex the foot and are innervated by the deep fibular nerve
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Correct Answer: A
629. Identify the muscle that attaches to the tibial tuberosityA. Pectineus muscleB. Vastus intermedius muscleC. Tensor fascia lata muscleD. Short head of the biceps femoris muscleE. Adductor brevis muscle
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Correct Answer: B
630. During a knife fight, a patient has his sciatic nerve cut as it exits the pelvis. Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding this patient?A. Extension of the knee would be eliminatedB. The long head of the biceps femoris muscle would be affected but not the short headC. There would still be cutaneous sensation over the anteromedial surface of the thighD. The muscles in the anterior compartment of the leg would still be functional
E. The sartorius and gracilis muscles would not be able to contract
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Correct Answer: C
631. The ___________ artery branches from the deep femoral artery (deep artery of the thigh) and courses between the pectineus and iliopsoas muscles to supply the head and neck of the femurA. Lateral descending femoral circumflexB. Superficial epigastricC. Lateral ascending femoral circumflexD. Medial femoral circumflexE. Obturator
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Correct Answer: D
632. Blood supplied to the posterior compartment of the thigh is predominantly derived from the:A. Superior gluteal vesselsB. Obturator vesselsC. Perforating branches of the deep femoral vesselsD. Femoral vesselsE. Genicular vessels
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Correct Answer: C
633. The muscles and tendons in the plantar region of the foot are primarily supplied by theA. Anterior tibial arteryB. Fibular arteryC. Posterior tibial arteryD. Superior genicular arteriesE. Popliteal artery
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Correct Answer: C
634. All of the following muscles attach to the linea aspera of the femur, EXCEPT theA. Vastus lateralis muscleB. Adductor brevis muscleC. Semitendinosus muscleD. Adductor magnus muscleE. Short head of the biceps femoris muscle
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Correct Answer: C
635. Which of the following is NOT a direct branch of the popliteal artery?A. Superior medial genicular arteryB. Anterior tibial arteryC. Fibular arteryD. Inferior lateral genicular arteryE. Posterior tibial artery
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Correct Answer: C
636. The presence of an "anterior drawer sign" is indicative of damage to theA. Tibial collateral ligamentB. Lateral meniscusC. Medial meniscusD. Posterior cruciate ligamentE. Anterior cruciate ligament
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Correct Answer: E
637. John Doe is a careless driver. Immediately after a street light changes from RED to GREEN, he presses his foot on the gas pedal to race off at rapid acceleration. Each of the following muscles aid John in speeding off, EXCEPT theA. Flexor digitorum longus muscleB. Peroneus longus muscleC. Gastrocnemius muscleD. Soleus muscleE. Tibialis anterior muscle
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Correct Answer: E
638. Each of the following statements regarding the adductor magnus muscle is correct, EXCEPT:A. It attaches distally along the linea aspera and adductor tubercle of the femurB. It is innervated by the femoral nerveC. It can adduct the thigh at the hip jointD. The femoral artery and vein course through the adductor hiatus on route to the popliteal fossaE. It attaches proximally to the ischial ramus
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Correct Answer: B
639. The artery of the round ligament of the head of the femur receives its blood supply via theA. Obturator arteryB. Femoral arteryC. Common iliac arteryD. Superior gluteal arteryE. Lateral femoral circumflex artery
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Correct Answer: A
640. Which ligament of the ankle is torn in an inversion sprain?A. Deltoid ligamentB. Calcaneal ligament (tendon)C. Anterior talofibular (lateral collateral) ligamentD. Deltoid (medial collateral) ligamentE. Long plantar ligament
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Correct Answer: C
641. The popliteal fossa is bounded by the gastrocnemius, semimembranosus, semitendinosus and ____________ muscles.A. GracilisB. SartoriusC. Adductor magnusD. Biceps femorisE. Plantaris
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Correct Answer: D
642. The lateral compartment of the leg contains the fibularis (peroneus) longus and brevis muscles. This compartment is innervated by the ____________ nerveA. TibialB. Common fibular (peroneal)C. Superficial fibular (peroneal)D. Deep peronealE. Sural
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Correct Answer: C