A&P I Tutorial 2015 Exam 3 Name _________________________________________

1) Joints can be classified structurally as A) bony.B) fibrous.C) cartilaginous.D) synovial.E) All of the answers are correct.Answer: ELearning Outcome: 9-1Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

2) An immovable joint is a(n) A) synarthrosis. B) diarthrosis. C) amphiarthrosis. D) syndesmosis. E) symphysis. Answer: ALearning Outcome: 9-1Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

3) Which of the following occurs when the articular cartilage is damaged? A) The matrix begins to break down. B) The exposed surface appears rough. C) Friction in the joint increases. D) Normal synovial joint function is unable to continue. E) All of the answers are correct. Answer: ELearning Outcome: 9-2Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

Figure 9-1 A Simplified Sectional View of the Knee Joint

Use Figure 9-1 to answer the following questions:

4) Which structure acts as a cushion and consists of fibrous cartilage? A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 E) 5 Answer: DLearning Outcome: 9-2Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension

5) Identify the structure at label "1." A) meniscus B) bursa C) articular cartilage D) synovial membrane E) joint cavity Answer: BLearning Outcome: 9-2Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension

6) Identify the structure labeled "2." A) serous membrane B) synovial membrane C) joint capsule D) periosteum E) intracapsular ligament Answer: BLearning Outcome: 9-2Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension

7) What type of tissue occurs at the structure labeled "3"? A) fibrocartilage B) synovial membrane C) articular cartilage D) bone tissue E) dense connective tissue Answer: CLearning Outcome: 9-2Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension

8) Identify the structure labeled "5." A) serous membrane B) synovial membrane C) joint capsule D) periosteum E) intracapsular ligament Answer: ELearning Outcome: 9-2Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension

9) The knuckle joint is classified as a ________ joint.A) condylarB) hingeC) glideD) saddleE) pivotAnswer: ALearning Outcome: 9-3Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

10) Which of the following movements is a good example of flexion?A) opening the mouthB) turning the hand palm upwardC) extreme bending of the head backwardsD) moving the hand toward the shoulderE) spreading the fingers

Answer: DLearning Outcome: 9-3Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension

11) All of the following movements occur at the intervertebral joints except A) flexion. B) rotation. C) dorsiflexion. D) lateral flexion. E) extension. Answer: CLearning Outcome: 9-4Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

12) A herniated disc occurs when the A) nucleus pulposus breaks through the anulus fibrosus.B) disc slips out from between the adjacent vertebrae. C) adjacent bones fuse.D) knee is hyperextended.E) inner core of the disc is squeezed to one side.Answer: ALearning Outcome: 9-4Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension

13) The elbow joint is extremely stable because A) the ulna and humerus interlock. B) the articular capsule is thin. C) the capsule lacks ligaments. D) several muscles support the joint capsule. E) the joint lacks bursae. Answer: ALearning Outcome: 9-5Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension

14) Contraction of the muscle that is attached to the radial tuberosity results in A) flexion of the forearm. B) extension of the forearm. C) abduction of the forearm. D) adduction of the forearm. E) rotation of the shoulder. Answer: ALearning Outcome: 9-5Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

55) Which of the following ligaments is not associated with the hip joint? A) iliofemoral ligament B) pubofemoral ligament C) ischiofemoral ligament D) ligamentum teres E) anterior cruciate ligament Answer: ELearning Outcome: 9-6Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

16) In the knee joint, the medial and lateral menisci A) are cartilages that bind the knee to the tibia.

B) act as cushions between the articulating surfaces. C) take the place of bursae. D) are found between the patella and femur. E) are prominent fat pads to protect the articulating bones. Answer: BLearning Outcome: 9-6Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

17) Muscle tissue, one of the four basic tissue groups, consists chiefly of cells that are highly specialized for A) conduction. B) contraction. C) peristalsis. D) cushioning.E) secretion.Answer: BLearning Outcome: 10-1Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

18) Which of the following is a recognized function of skeletal muscle? A) produce movement B) maintain posture C) maintain body temperature D) guard body entrances and exitsE) All of the answers are correct.Answer: ELearning Outcome: 10-1Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

19) At each end of the muscle, the collagen fibers of the epimysium, perimysium, and endomysium, come together to form a A) tendon. B) satellite cell.C) ligament. D) tenosynovium. E) sheath. Answer: ALearning Outcome: 10-2Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

20) In a sarcomere, the central portion of thick filaments are linked laterally by proteins of the A) Z line. B) M line. C) H band. D) A band. E) I band. Answer: BLearning Outcome: 10-3Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

21) Which of the following statements about the microscopic anatomy of skeletal muscle fibers is false?A) Tubular extensions of the sarcolemma penetrate the fiber transversely.B) Cross striations result from the lateral alignment of thick and thin filaments.C) Each fiber has many nuclei to ensure adequate muscle protein production.D) The net-like sarcoplasmic reticulum surrounds each myofilament.E) All of the answers are true; there are no false answers.

Answer: DLearning Outcome: 10-3Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension

Figure 10-1 Skeletal Muscle Fiber

Use Figure 10-1 to answer the following questions:

22) Identify the structure labeled "1." A) mitochondria B) glycogen C) ATP D) myofibril E) synaptic vesicle Answer: ALearning Outcome: 10-3Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension

23) Which of the following are found in the structure labeled "3"?A) actinB) myosin C) titinD) tropomyosinE) All of the answers are correct. Answer: ELearning Outcome: 10-3Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension

24) What physiological process occurs in the structure labeled "7"? A) release of neurotransmitter

B) conduction of the action potential into the cell interiorC) activity of acetylcholinesterase D) release of protein and calcium ions into the muscle fiber E) opening of sodium channels and subsequent influx of sodium Answer: BLearning Outcome: 10-3Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension

25) What is released from the structure labeled "9"? A) sarcoplasm B) acetylcholine C) protein D) calcium ions E) acetylcholinesterase Answer: DLearning Outcome: 10-3Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension

26) In response to action potentials arriving along the transverse tubules, the sarcoplasmic reticulum releases A) acetylcholine. B) sodium ions. C) potassium ions. D) calcium ions. E) hydrogen ions. Answer: DLearning Outcome: 10-4Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

27) After death, muscle fibers run out of ATP and calcium begins to leak from the sarcoplasmic reticulum into the sarcoplasm. This results in a condition known as A) tetany. B) treppe. C) depolarization. D) rigor mortis. E) oxygen debt. Answer: DLearning Outcome: 10-4Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension

28) The rapid rise and fall in force produced by a muscle fiber after a single action potential is a(n)A) tetanus.B) unfused tetanus.C) twitch.D) motor end plate potential.E) muscle action potential.Answer: CLearning Outcome: 10-5Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

29) A weight-lifter strains to lift a heavy weight and there is no movement of the person's arms holding on to the weight. This type of contraction is called a(n) ________ contraction.A) isometric

B) tetanus C) isotonic D) treppe E) concentric Answer: ALearning Outcome: 10-5Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension

30) During the recovery period the body's need for oxygen is increased because A) muscle cells are producing ATP anaerobically. B) creatine phosphate stimulates mitochondrial activity. C) additional oxygen is required to restore energy reserves. D) the liver requires more oxygen to produce lactic acid. E) the muscles produce much less ATP. Answer: CLearning Outcome: 10-6Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

31) The type of muscle fiber that is most resistant to fatigue is the ________ fiber. A) fast B) slow C) intermediate D) anaerobic E) high-density Answer: BLearning Outcome: 10-7Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

32) Which of the following is not a function of the nervous system?A) sense the internal and external environmentsB) integrate sensory informationC) coordinate voluntary and involuntary activitiesD) direct long-term functions, such as growthE) control peripheral effectorsAnswer: DLearning Outcome: 12-1Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

33) The ________ nervous system controls the skeletal muscles. A) sympathetic B) parasympathetic C) afferent D) somatic E) autonomic Answer: DLearning Outcome: 12-1Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

34) Which of the following is not a recognized structural classification for neurons?A) anaxonicB) bipolarC) multipolarD) pseudopolarE) unipolarAnswer: D

Learning Outcome: 12-2Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

35) How does blocking retrograde axoplasmic transport in an axon affect the activity of a neuron? A) The neuron becomes unable to produce neurotransmitters. B) The neuron becomes unable to produce action potentials. C) The soma becomes unable to export products to the synaptic terminals. D) The soma becomes unable to respond to changes in the distal end of the axon. E) The neuron becomes unable to depolarize when stimulated. Answer: DLearning Outcome: 12-2Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension

36) Deteriorating changes in the distal segment of an axon as a result of a break between it and the soma is called ________ degeneration. A) neural B) central C) peripheral D) Wallerian E) conduction Answer: DLearning Outcome: 12-3Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

37) Which of the following is a type of glial cell found in the peripheral nervous system? A) astrocytesB) satellite cellsC) oligodendrocytesD) microgliaE) ependymal cellsAnswer: BLearning Outcome: 12-3Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

38) At the normal resting potential of a typical neuron, its sodium-potassium exchange pump transports A) 1 intracellular sodium ion for 2 extracellular potassium ions. B) 2 intracellular sodium ions for 1 extracellular potassium ion. C) 3 intracellular sodium ions for 1 extracellular potassium ion. D) 3 intracellular sodium ions for 2 extracellular potassium ions. E) 3 extracellular sodium ions for 2 intracellular potassium ions. Answer: DLearning Outcome: 12-4Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

39) Opening of sodium channels in the axon membrane causes A) depolarization. B) repolarization. C) hyperpolarization. D) increased negative charge inside the membrane. E) inhibition. Answer: ALearning Outcome: 12-4Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

40) Integral membrane proteins that connect electrical synapses are called A) connexons.

B) receptors. C) desmosomes. D) sodium channels. E) synapsins. Answer: ALearning Outcome: 12-4Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

41) The following are the main steps in the generation of an action potential.1. Sodium channels are inactivated.2. Voltage-gated potassium channels open and potassium moves out of the cell, initiating repolarization.3. Sodium channels regain their normal properties.4. A graded depolarization brings an area of an excitable membrane to threshold.5. A temporary hyperpolarization occurs.6. Sodium channel activation occurs.7. Sodium ions enter the cell and depolarization occurs.

What is the proper sequence of these events?A) 4, 6, 7, 3, 2, 5, 1 B) 4, 6, 7, 1, 2, 3, 5 C) 6, 7, 4, 1, 2, 3, 5D) 2, 4, 6, 7, 1, 3, 5E) 4, 2, 5, 6, 7, 3, 1 Answer: BLearning Outcome: 12-5Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension

42) Which of the following is true about threshold for an action potential?A) It is more positive than the resting potential.B) Voltage-gated potassium channels begin to close.C) Voltage-gated potassium channels begin to open.D) The membrane begins to hyperpolarize.E) Threshold for a typical neuron is approximately -30 mV.Answer: ALearning Outcome: 12-5Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension

43) Which of the following does not influence the time necessary for a nerve impulse to be transmitted? A) length of the axon B) presence or absence of a myelin sheath C) diameter of the axon D) presence or absence of nodes E) whether or not the impulse begins in the CNS Answer: ELearning Outcome: 12-6Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

44) A neuron that receives neurotransmitter from another neuron is calledA) the presynaptic neuron. B) the motor neuron. C) an oligodendrocyte. D) a satellite cell. E) the postsynaptic neuron. Answer: ELearning Outcome: 12-7Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

45) The ion that triggers the release of acetylcholine into the synaptic cleft is A) sodium. B) potassium. C) calcium. D) chloride. E) magnesium. Answer: CLearning Outcome: 12-7Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

46) The ________ nervous system is composed of the brain and spinal cord. A) autonomic B) peripheral C) central D) efferent E) afferent Answer: CLearning Outcome: 12-1Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

47) The part of the peripheral nervous system that carries sensory information to the CNS is designated A) motor. B) afferent. C) efferent. D) autonomic. E) somatic. Answer: BLearning Outcome: 12-1Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

48) The axoplasm of the axon contains which of the following? A) neurotubules B) mitochondria C) vesicles D) neurofibrils E) All of the answers are correct. Answer: ELearning Outcome: 12-2Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

Match to Figure above

49. pectoralis major h

50. deltoid c

51. trapezius o

52. latissimus dorsi g

Match to figure above

53. brachioradialis c

54. palmaris longus j

55. extensor digitorum e

Match to the figure above

56. gastrocnemius ll

57. soleus mm

58. rectus abdominis dd59. external oblique ee60. biceps brachii g

Extra Credit (1 point each)

1) Syndesmosis is to ligament as symphysis is to A) fibrous cartilage.B) dense regular connective tissue.C) periodontal ligament.D) rigid cartilaginous bridge.E) completely fused.Answer: ALearning Outcome: 9-1Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension

2) A general term for pain and stiffness that affects the skeletal or muscular system is A) rheumatism.B) atherosclerosis.C) bursitis.D) bunions.E) arthritis.Answer: ALearning Outcome: 9-7Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension

3) Put the following structures in order from superficial to deep.1. muscle fiber2. perimysium3. myofibril4. fascicle5. endomysium6. epimysium A) 1, 5, 4, 3, 2, 6 B) 6, 2, 5, 4, 1, 3 C) 6, 2, 4, 5, 1, 3 D) 1, 3, 5, 6, 4, 2 E) 2, 3, 1, 4, 6, 5 Answer: CLearning Outcome: 10-2Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension

4) Which of the following statements is/are false regarding human muscles? A) Most have both slow and fast fibers. B) Slow fibers are abundant in the muscles of the hand. C) Eye muscles are composed entirely of fast fibers.

D) Slow fibers are abundant in the back muscles. E) All of the answers are correct; none of them are true regarding human muscles.Answer: BLearning Outcome: 10-7Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension

5) Most CNS neurons lack centrioles. This observation explains A) why CNS neurons grow such long axons. B) why CNS neurons cannot divide to regenerate damaged tissue. C) the ability of neurons to generate an action potential. D) the ability of neurons to communicate with each other. E) the ability of neurons to produce a resting potential. Answer: BLearning Outcome: 12-2Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension