A&P 1 Tutorial Exam 3

J Term 2012

Russo

Matching Questions

Figure 11.1

Using Figure 11.1, match the following:

1) Which neuron would connect to a muscle?

Answer: A

Diff: 1Page Ref: Tbl. 11.1

2) Which neuron would be found in the retina of the eye?

Answer: B

Diff: 1Page Ref: Tbl. 11.1

3) Which neuron is a sensory neuron found in a reflex arc?

Answer: C

Diff: 1Page Ref: Tbl. 11.1

4) Which neuron is never myelinated?

Answer: B

Diff: 1Page Ref: Tbl. 11.1

5) Which neuron is rare?

Answer: B

Diff: 1Page Ref: 393; Tbl. 11.1

Figure 11.2

Using Figure 11.2, match the following:

6) Ion channel.

Answer: E

Diff: 1Page Ref: 409; Fig. 11.17

7) Synaptic vesicles.

Answer: C

Diff: 1Page Ref: 409; Fig. 11.17

8) Calcium ions.

Answer: A

Diff: 3Page Ref: 409; Fig. 11.17

9) Postsynaptic membrane.

Answer: B

Diff: 1Page Ref: 409; Fig. 11.17

10) Synaptic cleft.

Answer: D

Diff: 1Page Ref: 409; Fig. 11.17

Match the following:

A) Action potential

B) Depolarization

C) Absolute refractory period

D) Relative refractory period

E) Repolarization

11) The neuron cannot respond to a second stimulus, no matter how strong.

Diff: 1Page Ref: 404

12) The interior of the cell becomes less negative due to an influx of sodium ions.

Diff: 1Page Ref: 398

13) The specific period during which potassium ions diffuse out of the neuron due to a change in membrane permeability.

Diff: 1Page Ref: 402

14) Also called a nerve impulse transmitted by axons.

Diff: 1Page Ref: 399

15) An exceptionally strong stimulus can trigger a response.

Diff: 1Page Ref: 404

Answers: 11) C 12) B 13) E 14) A 15) D

True/False Questions

16) The all-or-none phenomenon as applied to nerve conduction states that the whole nerve cell must be stimulated for conduction to take place.

Answer: FALSE

Diff: 1Page Ref: 404

17) Efferent nerve fibers may be described as motor nerve fibers.

Answer: TRUE

Diff: 1Page Ref: 386

18) Cell bodies of sensory neurons may be located in ganglia lying outside the central nervous system.

Answer: TRUE

Diff: 1Page Ref: 394

19) Myelination of the nerve fibers in the central nervous system is the job of the oligodendrocyte.

Answer: TRUE

Diff: 1Page Ref: 389

20) During depolarization, the inside of the neuron's membrane becomes less negative.

Answer: TRUE

Diff: 1Page Ref: 398

21) Large-diameter nerve fibers conduct impulses much faster than small-diameter fibers.

Answer: TRUE

Diff: 2Page Ref: 404-405

22) The nodes of Ranvier are found only on myelinated, peripheral neuron processes.

Answer: FALSE

Diff: 2Page Ref: 391-392

Multiple-Choice Questions

23) Which of the following is not a function of astrocytes?

A) support and brace neurons

B) anchor neurons to blood vessels

C) guide the migration of young neurons, synapse formation, and helping to determine capillary permeability

D) control the chemical environment around neurons

E) provide the defense for the CNS

Answer: E

Diff: 2Page Ref: 388

24) Which of the choices below describes the ANS?

A) motor fibers that conduct nerve impulses from the CNS to smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands

B) motor fibers that conduct nerve impulses from the CNS to skeletal muscles

C) sensory neurons that convey information from somatic receptors in the head, body wall, and limbs and from receptors from the special senses of vision, hearing, taste, and smell to the CNS

D) sensory and motor neurons that supply the digestive tract

Answer: A

Diff: 2Page Ref: 386; Fig. 11.2

25) The sheath of Schwann is also called the ________.

A) myelin sheath

B) axolemma

C) neurilemma

D) white matter

Answer: C

Diff: 1Page Ref: 391-392

26) Bipolar neurons are commonly ________.

A) motor neurons

B) called neuroglial cells

C) found in ganglia

D) found in the retina of the eye

Answer: D

Diff: 1Page Ref: 392; Tbl. 11.1

27) Which of the following is an excitatory neurotransmitter secreted by motor neurons innervating skeletal muscle?

A) cholinesterase

B) norepinephrine

C) acetylcholine

D) gamma aminobutyric acid

Answer: C

Diff: 1Page Ref: 415; Tbl. 11.3

28) The period after an initial stimulus when a neuron is not sensitive to another stimulus is the ________.

A) resting period

B) repolarization

C) depolarization

D) absolute refractory period

Answer: D

Diff: 1Page Ref: 404

29) What is the role of acetylcholinesterase?

A) act as a transmitting agent

B) amplify or enhance the effect of ACh

C) destroy ACh a brief period after its release by the axon endings

D) stimulate the production of serotonin

Answer: C

Diff: 1Page Ref: 415; Tbl. 11.3

20) Which of the following is not a chemical class of neurotransmitters?

A) acetycholine

B) amino acid

C) biogenic amine

D) ATP and other purines

E) nucleic acid

Answer: E

Diff: 1Page Ref: 415; Tbl. 11.3

Matching Questions

Figure 9.1

Using Figure 9.1, match the following:

31) Endomysium.

Answer: B

Diff: 1Page Ref: 277; Fig. 9.1

32) Fascicle.

Answer: D

Diff: 1Page Ref: 277; Fig. 9.1

33) The tissue that binds muscles into functional groups.

Answer: A

Diff: 2Page Ref: 277; Fig. 9.1

34) Perimysium.

Answer: E

Diff: 1Page Ref: 277; Fig. 9.1

35) Muscle fiber.

Answer: C

Diff: 1Page Ref: 277; Fig. 9.1

Figure 9.2

Using Figure 9.2, match the following:

36) I band.

Answer: C

Diff: 1Page Ref: 280; Fig. 9.2

37) H zone.

Answer: B

Diff: 1Page Ref: 280; Fig. 9.2

38) A band.

Answer: D

Diff: 2Page Ref: 280; Fig. 9.2

39) Z disc.

Answer: A

Diff: 1Page Ref: 280; Fig. 9.2

40) M line.

Answer: E

Diff: 1Page Ref: 280; Fig. 9.2

Match the following:

A) Calcium ions

B) Creatine phosphate

C) Sodium-potassium ions

D) Acetylcholine

E) Acetylcholinesterase

41) Serves as the actual "trigger" for muscle contraction by removing the inhibition of the troponin molecules.

Diff: 1Page Ref: 288; Fig. 9.11

42) A neurotransmitter released at motor end plates by the axon terminals.

Diff: 1Page Ref: 285

43) Diffusion across the cell membrane results in depolarization.

Diff: 1Page Ref: 285, 289

44) Activate synaptic vesicles in axon terminals.

Diff: 2Page Ref: 288; Fig. 9.8

45) Used to convert ADP to ATP by transfer of a high-energy phosphate group. A reserve high-energy compound.

Diff: 2Page Ref: 297-298

46) Destroys ACh.

Diff: 2Page Ref: 285

Answers: 41) A 42) D 43) C 44) A 45) B 46) E

True/False Questions

47) Once a motor neuron has fired, all the muscle fibers in a muscle contract.

Answer: FALSE

Diff: 2Page Ref: 289

48) The thin filaments (actin) contain a polypeptide subunit G actin that bears active sites for myosin attachment.

Answer: TRUE

Diff: 2Page Ref: 281

49) The force of muscle contraction is controlled by multiple motor unit summation or recruitment.

Answer: TRUE

Diff: 1Page Ref: 295

50) Eccentric contractions are more forceful than concentric contractions.

Answer: TRUE

Diff: 2Page Ref: 296

51) A motor neuron and all the muscle cells that it stimulates are referred to as a motor end plate.

Answer: FALSE

Diff: 1Page Ref: 289

52) An increase in the calcium ion level in the sarcoplasm starts the sliding of the thin filaments. When the level of calcium ions declines, sliding stops.

Answer: TRUE

Diff: 1Page Ref: 288-289

53) Muscle contraction will always promote movement of body parts regardless of how they are attached.

Answer: FALSE

Diff: 2Page Ref: 276

54) Muscle tone is the small amount of tautness or tension in the muscle due to weak, involuntary contractions of its motor units.

Answer: TRUE

Diff: 1Page Ref: 296

Multiple-Choice Questions

55) What is the role of tropomyosin in skeletal muscles?

A) Tropomyosin is the name of a contracting unit.

B) Tropomyosin serves as a contraction inhibitor by blocking the myosin binding sites on the actin molecules.

C) Tropomyosin serves as a contraction inhibitor by blocking the actin binding sites on the myosin molecules.

D) Tropomyosin is the receptor for the motor neuron neurotransmitter.

Answer: B

Diff: 2Page Ref: 281

56) Fatigued muscle cells that recover rapidly are the products of ________.

A) intense exercise of long duration

B) intense exercise of short duration

C) slow exercise of long duration

D) slow exercise of short duration

Answer: B

Diff: 2Page Ref: 299-300

57) The strongest muscle contractions are normally achieved by ________.

A) increasing stimulus above the threshold

B) increasing stimulus above the treppe stimulus

C) increasing the stimulation up to the maximal stimulus

D) recruiting small and medium muscle fibers

Answer: C

Diff: 2Page Ref: 295

58) Excitation-contraction coupling requires which of the following substances?

A) Ca2+ and ATP

B) Ca2+ only

C) ATP only

D) ATP and glucose

Answer: A

Diff: 2Page Ref: 288; Fig. 9.11

59) Which of the following is a factor that affects the velocity and duration of muscle

contraction?

A) number of muscle fibers stimulated

B) size of the muscle fibers stimulated

C) load on the fiber

D) muscle length

Answer: C

Diff: 2Page Ref: 302-303

60) Immediately following the arrival of the stimulus at a skeletal muscle cell there is a short period called the ________ period during which the events of excitation-contraction coupling occur.

A) contraction

B) relaxation

C) latent

D) refractory

Answer: C

Diff: 1Page Ref: 293

Figure 8.1

Using Figure 8.1, match the following:

61) Periosteum.

Answer: A

Diff: 2Page Ref: 251; Fig. 8.3

62) Articular cartilage.

Answer: C

Diff: 2Page Ref: 251; Fig. 8.3

63) Joint (synovial) cavity.

Answer: B

Diff: 2Page Ref: 251; Fig. 8.3

62) Synovial membrane.

Answer: E

Diff: 2Page Ref: 251; Fig. 8.3

65) Fibrous capsule.

Answer: D

Diff: 2Page Ref: 251; Fig. 8.3

T/F

66) The amount of movement permitted by a particular joint is the basis for the functional classification of joints.

Answer: TRUE

Diff: 1 Page Ref: 249

67) All joints permit some degree of movement, even if very slight.

Answer: FALSE

Diff: 1 Page Ref: 249

68) Synovial fluid is a viscous material that is derived by filtration from blood.

Answer: TRUE

Diff: 1 Page Ref: 252

69) The articular surfaces of synovial joints play a minimal role in joint stability.

Answer: TRUE

Diff: 2Page Ref: 252

Multiple Choice

70) Presence of a synovial cavity, articular cartilage, synovial membrane, and ligaments are characteristics of what type of joint?

A) suture

B) synchondrosis

C) symphysis

D) hinge joint

Answer: D

Diff: 2Page Ref: 251-252, 259

71) Which of the following is not a part of the synovial joint?

A) joint cavity

B) tendon sheath

C) articular cartilage

D) articular capsule

Answer: B

Diff: 1 Page Ref: 251-252

72) Articulations permitting only slight degrees of movement are ________.

A) amphiarthroses

B) synarthroses

C) diarthroses

D) synovial joints

Answer: A

Diff: 1 Page Ref: 249

73) ________ are cartilaginous joints.

A) Syndesmoses

B) Sutures

C) Synchondroses

D) Gomphoses

Answer: C

Diff: 1 Page Ref: 250-251

Fill in the blank

74) A ________ is a fluid-filled sac a tendon slides over.

Answer: bursa

Diff: 1 Page Ref: 252

Match (Muscle Figure 1)

75. latissimus dorsi cc

76. Sartorius ii

77. external obligue ee

78. pectoralis major aa

79. biceps brachii g

80. brachioradialis i

81. flexor carpi radialis j

82. gracilis kk

83. adductor longus jj

84. rectus femoris o

85. gastrocnemius ll

Xtra Credit (1 point each)

1) Select the correct statement regarding synapses.

A) Cells with interconnected cytoplasm are chemically coupled.

B) The release of neurotransmitter molecules gives cells the property of being electrically coupled.

C) Neurotransmitter receptors are located on the axons of cells.

D) The synaptic cleft prevents an impulse from being transmitted directly from one neuron to another.

Answer: D

Diff: 2Page Ref: 407-408

2) A second nerve impulse cannot be generated until ________.

A) the membrane potential has been reestablished

B) the Na ions have been pumped back into the cell

C) proteins have been resynthesized

D) all sodium gates are closed

Answer: A

Diff: 3Page Ref: 399

3) In what way does the interior surface of a cell membrane of a resting (nonconducting) neuron differ from the external environment? The interior is ________.

A) positively charged and contains less sodium

B) negatively charged and contains less sodium

C) negatively charged and contains more sodium

D) positively charged and contains more sodium

Answer: B

Diff: 3Page Ref: 396

4) Which of the following would be recruited later in muscle stimulation when contractile strength increases?

A) motor units with the longest muscle fibers

B) many small motor units with the ability to stimulate other motor units

C) large motor units with small, highly excitable neurons

D) motor units with larger, less excitable neurons

Answer: D

Diff: 3Page Ref: 295-296

5) Which of the following statements is most accurate?

A) Muscle tension remains relatively constant during isotonic contraction.

B) T tubules may be sliding during isotonic contraction.

C) The I band lengthens during isotonic contraction.

D) Myofilaments slide during isometric contractions.

Answer: A

Diff: 3Page Ref: 296

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