Ancient RomeNotes

500 B.C.509 B.C.

1500 B.C.

753B.C

600 B.C.

Ancestors started

settling in Italy

Etruscans rule over

rome (monarchy)

Rome sets up

a republic

According to legend, Rome was founded

Tarquin (king) is

murdered and Rome takes back their land

Twelve Tables of

Law created

451 B.C.264 B.C.

Punic wars begin (Rome vs.

Carthage) lasts 120 years and Rome finally

destroys Carthage

444 B.C.

Julius Caesar died of stabbing

• What are the advantages of Rome’s location?

• Answer: It’s by a river and has hills that protect from attacks. It is also on a land bridge which helps with trade.

Main Ideas and details

By a river

Plains for

growing food and

crops.

Land bridge (helps with

trading)

Hills offer

protection from attacks

and floods

Rome’s location

Warm mild

climate

Detail

• 4/7: How did the Romans benefit from the cultures of other countries?

• Answer:They traded with other cultures.

• How did the Romans benefit from the Etruscans?

• Answer:

Romans are thieves

• Learned how to grow certain crops

• Learned some myths, legends, and stories

• Traded with other countries

• FROM ETRUSCANS

• Learned how to build aqueducts

• Better weapons and ships

• Learned more aboutabout building and farming

• Government

The Romans learned many things form other countries

P & S source

s

Secondary

Primary

How: Identifies people

involved and you

can search if they wrote

about the

event

What: Snap

shots of History.

How: Consider the subject matter and

point of view.

What: Encyclopedia entry about the same

event.

Why: It includes events that may have happened

at the same time.

Why: Gives important details or expresses

emotions caused by a situation.

Essential Questions

• Why did the Romans overthrow their king and form a new system of government? They wanted to establish a republic.

• What should governments do? Give the people a say

• What are requirements for citizenship in societies? Couldn’t be a foreigner or slave.

• What causes civilizations expand or collapse?Wealth and power.

• How would you describe the structure of the Roman Republic? Powerful and wealthy. Very controlled government. Good ways of solving problems. Strong in army.

Roman Republic

• Power was divided among people.

• Was made of 3 separate branches. (like our government)

• Influenced later republic

Lesson 2: roman republic

• *About __90__ percent of Roman citizens were Plebeians. They included farmers, _soldiers_______, and merchants.

*All citizens were encouraged to think and behave like the __heroes_____ these tales praised. This defined the Roman spirit!

----------How the Romans Governed Themselves------------*After the Romans drove out the Etruscan king, they established a

___republic__________.

*In a republic, citizens have the right to ___vote______, or choose their leaders.

*Those who are elected are called ______representatives________________.

*Roman representatives served in a governing body called the ____Senate________.

Continued...• *Not everyone who lived in Rome was a ____citizen_______. This

included slaves and most foreigners.

*Even though ___women______ were citizens, they had few rights. They could not vote or hold public office, but they did have more freedom than Greeks.

*Roman women could own ____property______ and ___testify_______ in court. They also played major roles in ___governing________ Rome.

*At first, only the ___patricians________ ran the Roman republic.

*Each year, two patricians were chosen as _____consuls_____, or officials who managed the government and the army.

*In an emergency, consuls could name one person to rule. This person was known as a _____dictator________, or someone who has total control over the people.

Continued...• -----The Tribunes-------

*As time went on, the ____plebeians_________ began to demand greater rights.

*Wealthy patricians bought up much of the land, forcing plebeians to ___rent_____ land from the wealthy land owners.

*They threatened a type of strike, saying that they'd stop serving in the _army________ until the government treated them more fairly.

*To meet demands, the Senate appointed men to protect the rights of the plebeians. They were known as ______tribunes__________.

*When they objected to an action of the Senate, they could shout "___veto____" which means 'I forbid' in Latin. This word is used in our government today!

------Daily Life------*Boys and girls from wealthy families went to School. Others

were taught at home by Greek ___slaves______ who served as tutors.

*Children used ___abacuses___________ to learn mathematics, wrote down lessons on ___wax___ __tablets_______ or sheets of ___sheets of papyrus___________.

*Children played with toys such as __marbles________, _____dolls____, model ____chariots______, and animals.

*The main meal was eaten in the late ___afternoon_____________.

*Wealthy people ate: __fish___, __birds_____, ___olive____ __oil____ with herbs, ____barley____ and pork.

Continued...

• *Poor citizens ate: ___wheat____ and barley, ___bread_____, ___olives______, and meat scraps.

*Wealthy citizens had _____dogs___ as pets to guard homes and hunt.

*Just like animals now, some dogs had ___dog ___ __tags____ made of bronze, identifying the owner.

*Roman clothing was __light_____ and ____comfortable_________. Men wore ____togas____ made of woolen cloth (an idea borrowed from the Etruscans).

*Women wore two layers of __tunics_____, which resembled long shirts or gowns. They often wore ___gold____ jewelry with colorful stones.

Consul (1 year)

Senate (300)

patricians

Assembly

Assembly (tribunes/plebei

ans)

Assembly

Senate (300)

patricians

Assembly (tribunes/plebei

ans)

Assembly (tribunes/plebei

ans)

The government system

Punic war -------Wars with Carthage-------*Carthage was a city-state located in North ____africa______ that had a large, powerful navy and army.

*Carthage and Rome fought in three destructive wars known as the ___Punic_____ Wars. Altogether, the wars lasted nearly ___120___ years.

*The ___Romans_______ won all three!

*The _____second____ Punic War included one of the most daring adventures in history.

*A Carthaginian general named ___Hannibal________ launched an invasion from Spain across the snowy ___Alps____ with a herd of ____elephants_________. This surprised the Romans.

*Rome was saved when a general named ___Scipio____ attacked Carthage. Hannibal had to rush back home, but it was too late. ___Carthage_______ was defeated.

*The third war happened __50___ years later. Again ___Rome_____ won.

Continued------Problems at Home--------

*The Romans worked hard to make ___friends______ out of enemies.

*Some defeated people were granted Roman ____citizenship_____________.

*Others were allowed to keep local _________self-government______________.

*They improved conquered lands by building ___aqueducts_____________, _____roads___, and ____buildings__________ to make people feel patriotic toward Rome.

*_______Patriotism__________ is a sense of pride in one's country.

*Vast ____wealth____ poured into Rome, making the rich richer, but the slaves and plebeians even poorer.

*Many people ___died______, and ____poverty_______ grew.

Republic ends-----The Republic Ends------*One of the most famous generals and caesars, or rulers, was _Julius________ _Caesar _________.

*He was known for his great ____energy_______ and ____talent________.

*Between 58-51 B.C., he conquered most of present day ___France_______, the ___British Isles_____ ___________, and ______Belgium_______. He also took over parts of present-day ____Germany_________ and __Spain___________.

*Julius Caesar is famous for saying "___I come_____, ___I saw_____, __I conquered _____", which means, "I came, I saw, I conquered."

*A struggle broke out between him and two other Roman generals. Caesar won the struggle and was made ruler for ___life_____.

*Caesar tried to control the number of ___slaves_______ in Rome and worked to increase _jobs_____. This worried many patricians who feared that he would take total control in Rome.

Continued*In 44 B.C., Caesar was __stabbed______ to death on the floor of the Senate.

*After his death, the struggle for power began, and ____civil_____ ____war._____ broke out.

*The Roman Republic, founded nearly _500_____ years earlier, was at its end.-------Roads in the Republic------

*The Romans were the first to use ___concrete_______ to build roads.

*It is a mixture of crushed ___stone sand cement water______, _______, ________, and ________.

*The were built over all kinds of surfaces: ___lakes_____, deep _____ravines___, and mountains. They were even designed to ___drain_____ water off of the road's surface.

*The most famous of these roads is the ____Appian___ ___way____. It stretched for 350 miles.more than __350_____ miles south and then east of Rome.