Scope and Sequence2009-2010

TEXARKANA INDEPENDENT SCHOOL DISTRICT

I = Introduced P = Practiced M= Mastered

     110.42 English I (One Credit) Grade 9, High School

Grading Period1 2 3 4 5 6

 

(1)  The student writes in a variety of forms, including business, personal, literary, and persuasive texts, for various audiences and purposes. The student is expected to:

           

 

(A)  write in a variety of forms using effective word choice, structure, and sentence forms with emphasis on organizing logical arguments with clearly related definitions, theses, and evidence; write persuasively; write to report and describe; and write poems, plays, and stories

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  (B)  write in a voice and style appropriate to audience and purpose I P P P P M

  (C)  organize ideas in writing to ensure coherence, logical progression, and support for ideas IP M

 (2)  The student uses recursive writing processes when

appropriate. The student is expected to:

           

  (A)  use prewriting strategies to generate ideas, develop voice, and plan I P P P P M

 (B)  develop drafts, alone and collaboratively, by organizing and

reorganizing content and by refining style to suit occasion, audience, and purpose

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  (C)  proofread writing for appropriateness of organization, content, style, and conventions IP M

  (D)  refine selected pieces frequently to publish for general and specific audiences I P P P P M

  (E)  use technology for aspects of creating, revising, editing, and publishing I P P P P M

 

(3)  The student relies increasingly on the conventions and mechanics of written English, including the rules of grammar and usage, to write clearly and effectively. The student is expected to:

           

  (A)  produce legible work that shows accurate spelling and correct use of the conventions of punctuation and capitalization such as italics and ellipsesIncluding:

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Punctuation Commas •After introductory participial and absolute phrases (The matter being decided, the director continued his report. Generally speaking, his successes go unnoticed.) •When to use a comma with participial phrases -restrictive and nonrestrictive (The letter from the Brooks Company, just received by Mark, clarifies the problem. All persons known to have seen the accident will be questioned.) •When to use a comma with a dependent adverbial clause (Before the sale is advertised, the store will open for the regular customers. The Store will open for the regular customers before the sale is advertised. Before I began to teach school, I spent many years in school.) •When to use a comma with an adjective clause -restrictive and nonrestrictive- (Engraved stationery, which conveys the impression of dignity and reliability, adds to the attractiveness of correspondence. Anyone who as not learned to appreciate classical music is unfortunate.) Semicolon •Items in a series Quotation Marks •Using italics or quotation marks to set off any quoted or emphasized word or short phrase. (With a "now-or-never" look on his face, Mark marched into his boss's office.) Ellipsis Dots •Omission of words or paragraphs from a quotation Capitalization Titles Academic degrees (Jean McKnight, Ph.D.) Whereas and Resolved in Resolutions and the First Word Following Resolved Hyphenated Words which part to capitalize (anti-American, Anglo-American, trans-Canadian, Trans-Siberian Railway)

  (B)  demonstrate control over grammatical elements such as subject-verb agreement, pronoun-antecedent agreement, verb forms, and parallelismSentence Structures Compound/complex Parts of Speech Pronoun •Objective case (me, you, her, him, it, us, them): object of infinitive (The chairman asked me to invite him to the conference.); object of a preposition (No orders were received from them this week.) •Relative pronouns (who, that, which, what): objective case

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(Whom shall we choose as our representative?); verbs •Active and passive voice (for revising purposes) verbals •Infinitives •Gerunds •Participles Prepositions (e.g., among, between at, with, beside, besides, back of, behind, in, into, etc.)

  (C)  compose increasingly more involved sentences that contain gerunds, participles, and infinitives in their various functions I P P P P M

 (D)  produce error-free writing in the final draft I P P M

  (4)  The student uses writing as a tool for learning. The student is expected to:            

 

(A)  use writing to formulate questions, refine topics, and clarify ideasIncluding: •Differentiate between researchable and non-researchable questions •Frame clear, researchable questions •Revise questions to make them researchable

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  (B)  use writing to discover, organize, and support what is known and what needs to be learned about a topic I P P M

  (C)  compile information from primary and secondary sources in systematic ways using available technology I P P M

  (D)  represent information in a variety of ways such as graphics, conceptual maps, and learning logs I P P M

  (E)  use writing as a study tool to clarify and remember information I P P M

  (F)  compile written ideas and representations into reports, summaries, or other formats and draw conclusions I P P M

  (G)  analyze strategies that writers in different fields use to compose I P P P M

 (5)  The student evaluates his/her own writing and the writings

of others. The student is expected to:

           

  (A)  evaluate writing for both mechanics and content I P P M  (B)  respond productively to peer review of his/her own work I P P M

 (6)  The student uses a variety of strategies to read unfamiliar

words and to build vocabulary. The student is expected to:

           

 (A)  expand vocabulary through wide reading, listening, and

discussingOngoing reading process skill

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  (B)  rely on context to determine meanings of words and phrases such as figurative language, [idioms,] multiple-meaning words,

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and technical vocabulary; {English Grade 9 Obj. 1}Including recognizing context clues (synonym/antonym, definition, description, and example) TAKS Notes: •The figurative language that is tested on TAKS appears to be language that is colorful or descriptive rather than strictly “figurative.” Examples of words tested include: o croup regaled o avail o deluge o ritual o provocative o poignant o calumny o sullen o verity

•Idioms were not tested at any grade level in 2003 or 2004

  (C)  apply meanings of prefixes, roots, and suffixes in order to comprehend; {English Grade 9 Obj. 1} IP M

  (D)  research word origins, including Anglo-Saxon, Latin, and Greek words IP M

 (E)  use reference material such as glossary, dictionary, thesaurus,

[and available technology] to determine precise meanings and usage; and {English Grade 9 Obj. 1}

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 (F)  identify the relation of word meanings in analogies, homonyms,

synonyms/antonyms, and connotation/denotation. {English Grade 9 Obj. 1}

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 (7)  The student comprehends selections using a variety of

strategies. The student is expected to:

           

 

(A) establish a purpose for reading such as to discover, interpret, and enjoyIncluding self-directed and teacher-directed purposes consciously chosen and articulated by either the teacher or student

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(B)  draw upon his/her own background to provide connection to textsOngoing reading process skill including: •Predicts outcomes and actions in fiction selections and narrative poems, based on content clues and on his or her own experiences •Uses his or her own experience and knowledge to understand texts

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  (C)  monitor reading strategies and modify them when I P P M

understanding breaks down such as rereading, using resources, and questioningOn-going process skill including: •Takes independent action when he or she has trouble understanding text (e.g., rereads, asks for help) •Uses contextual, syntactic, and structural analysis strategies to understand the meaning of unfamiliar words

 

(D)  construct images such as graphic organizers based on text descriptions and text structuresUsing: •Venn Diagram: Comparison/Contrast of Traits/Characteristics of Two Characters •Chart: Classification of Events •Chart: Chronology of Events •Chart: Cause/Effect •Outline: Classifying ideas (Roman numeral, capital letter plus numbers 1-2) •Web: Chronology of Events •Web: Characteristics of a Character •Web: Causes of a Characters ActionsIncluding: •Identifying Similarities and Differences,•Drawing Conclusions, •Identifying the Main Idea, •Sequencing of Events,•Analyzing Characters and Events. Using: •Chart--Sequence of Events •Chart: Characteristics of an "Activity/Event" •Chart: Characteristics/Subsets•Chart: Classification of Events •Chart: Chronology of Events •Chart: Main Idea (missing main idea or missing supporting detail) •Chart: Obtaining Information •Chart: Cause/Effect •Outline: Process steps/chronology (single capital letter plus numbers 1-4) •Venn Diagram: Comparison/Contrast of Traits/Characteristics of Two Characters •Web: Chronology of Events •Web: Characteristics of a Character•Web: Causes of a Characters Actions•Map: Using Key

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  (E)  analyze text structures such as compare and contrast, cause and effect, and chronological ordering; and {English Grade 9 Obj. 3}Including:

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•Recognize what text structure an author used for the entire text (e.g., compare/contrast, cause/effect, and chronological ordering). •Recognize how an author organized a portion of the text, e.g., a single significant event in the plot and then asking, “Why did that happen?” TAKS Note: The rationale for recognizing how the author organized a portion of the text/a single significant event in the plot is that the plot of narrative text generally progresses through a series of cause-and-effect relationships. Many of these cause/effect questions are identical to questions that assess motivation of characters—why a character did something? The vast majority of TAKS questions reflect this approach: the questions are cause/effect questions.

  (F)  identify main ideas and their supporting details; and {English Grade 9 Obj. 1} IP M

 

(G)  summarize texts. {English Grade 9 Obj. 1}Including write and identify best summary that includes: •2-4 sentences •Main idea of the passage •Multiple, accurate details that support that main idea •Details that come from the beginning, middle, and end of the passage

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  (H)  draw inferences such as conclusions, generalizations, and predictions and support them from text. {English Grade 9 Obj. 3}Including: •Infer: take specific information (from text and/or prior experience/learning) in order to draw a conclusion or form a generalization; an inductive process; “reading between the lines.” [The writer implies; the reader infers.]•Draw and Support Conclusions With and Without Text Evidence: A statement about an individual person, place, thing, or event that is supported by accurate information [Note: On TAKS, that information must come from the text.] Conclusions are “some” or “sometimes” statements. There are many different kinds of conclusions, e.g.:

o a statement about an individual person, place, thing, or event; o a statement/conclusion about the future = prediction; o a statement/conclusion about why something happened = cause/effect

•Form Generalizations: A statement about a group/class of persons, places, things, or events supported by accurate information. [Note: On TAKS, that information must come

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from the text.] There are many different kinds of generalizations, e.g.:

o a straightforward statement about a group/class of persons, places, things, or events o a statement/generalizations about the future = prediction happened = cause/effect

•Inductive process: draw conclusions and then validate/support it with text evidence, primarily direct quotations from the text •Open-ended/constructed response items on TAKS require inductive thinking: drawing a conclusion and supporting that conclusion with specific text evidence, primarily direct quotations. •Deductive process: validate/support conclusions and generalizations with text evidence (primarily direct quotations from the text) Many of the questions ask if “the reader can tell…” using probably/most likely. TAKS Note: Answering multiple choice questions, as on TAKS, is a deductive process. TAKS correct answers must be supported with text evidence, NOT by using prior experience or prior learning.

 (I)  use study strategies such as skimming and scanning, note

taking, outlining, and using study-guide questions to better understand texts

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 (J)  read silently with comprehension for a sustained period of time

On-going reading process skill _____ minutes by end of 9th grade.

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 (8)  The student reads extensively and intensively for different

purposes in varied sources, including world literature. The student is expected to:

           

 (A)  read to be entertained, to appreciate a writer's craft, to be

informed, to take action, and to discover models to use in his/her own writing

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 (B)  read in such varied sources as diaries, journals, textbooks,

maps, newspapers, letters, speeches, memoranda, [electronic texts, and other media]. {English Grade 9 Obj. 1}

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  (C)  read world literature, including classic and contemporary works IP P P P P PM

  (D)  interpret the possible influences of the historical context on a literary work. {English Grade 9 Obj. 3} IP P P P P PM

 

(9)  The student reads widely, including world literature, to increase knowledge of his/her own culture, the culture of others, and the common elements across cultures. The student is expected to:

           

  (A)  recognize distinctive and shared characteristics of cultures I P P P P M

through readingIncluding: •Recalls the stated and inferred characteristics of various cultures from a wide variety of cultures and authors •Analyzes narrative and expository text to identify distinctive and shared characteristics and experiences of characters from other cultures

 

(B)  compare text events with his/her own and other readers' experiencesIncluding: •Discuss with text events related to customs, language, and culture •Compare/contrast the text events with his/her and other readers’ customs and culture

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 (10) The student expresses and supports responses to various

types of texts. The student is expected to:

           

 

(A)  respond to informational and aesthetic elements in texts such as discussions, journals, oral interpretations, and dramatizationsIncluding: •Recognize and use titles, subheadings, and other features or informational text•Recognize that aesthetic elements of text refer to elements that evoke a sensory response (e.g., to sight, smell, hearing, and touch)

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  (B)  use elements of text to defend his/her own responses and interpretations. {English Grade 9 Obj. 2}Including multiple choice and short answer/constructed response: •Analyze Characters/Motivation •Analyze Characters/Traits •Analyze Characters/Conflict •Analyze Characters/Changes They Undergo •Analyze Point of View •Analyze Setting •Analyze and Interpret Literary Language •Analyze and explain cause/effect relationships •Compare/Contrast other literary elements such as characters, symbols And support those responses with accurate, connected text evidence. Note: •Multiple choice: begin with a conclusion provided by the teacher/question and then validate/support that conclusion with text evidence. (e.g., "Which of the following sentences/statements from the passage supports the conclusion”

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(that was given in the question) •Open-ended/constructed response: draw a conclusion and support that conclusion with text evidence, primarily direct quotations from the text

 

(C)  compare reviews of literature, film, and performance with his/her own responses(from Strand 10: Reading/Literary Response, above)Including answering questions to:•Connect ideas •Compare and contrast characters •Compare ideas •Compare themes

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 (11) The student analyzes literary elements for their

contributions to meaning in literary texts. The student is expected to:

           

 

(A)  recognize the theme (general observation about life or human nature) within a text; {English Grade 9 Obj. 2}Including recognizing theme as: the “central or dominating idea—the message implicit in a work. The theme is seldom stated directly. It is an abstract concept indirectly expressed through recurrent images, actions, characters, and symbols and must be inferred by the reader or spectator. Theme differs from subject in that theme is a comment, observation, or insight about the subject.

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(B)  analyze the relevance of setting and time frame to text's meaning; {English Grade 9 Obj. 2}Recognize Setting of a Work or Portion of a Work •Time o historical time o clock time

•Place o real o imaginary o science fiction

Recognize the Purpose/Significance of Setting •To establish or develop a unique plot line •To establish or develop unique conflicts and/or resolution of conflicts •To establish the mood, tone, or atmosphere of a work •To influence the reader’s perceptions/reactions of events/characters

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  (C)  analyze characters and identify time and point of view; {English Grade 9 Obj. 2}

1. Conflicts: Types •Man v. Man (external) •Man v. Society (external) •Man v. Environment (external) •Man v. Self (internal)

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•Man v. Fate (mythology and drama) 2. Conflicts: How they are addressed and resolved

•Everybody wins •Flight/run away/avoid •Fight /resist •Death •Compromise •Someone wins; someone loses •Acceptance •Unresolved Including:

•analyzing individual characters and •comparing/contrasting characters

3. Traits of Characters •Physical Traits•Personal Traits (e.g., moral, ethical, evil, compassionate, loving, wealthy/poor)

•Emotional Traits 4. Feelings/Emotions of Characters 1. Motivation of Characters (for decisions, actions, and

changes) •Intellectual Motivation •Emotional Motivation •Physical Motivation

2 Relationships •Between/among other characters •With self •With society •With nature/ environment

3 Change •Intellectual •Emotional •Physical •Change From beginning to end •Change before an event and after an event in the plot

8. Types of Characters •Round •Flat •Dynamic •Static •Protagonist •Antagonist •Archetypes •Foil 9.How the reader knows about the character •What the character says

•What the character does or does not do •What other characters tell us about the character •What the author tells us about the character directly and indirectly (e.g. Explanatory words in quotations)

•Other characters’ reactions to the character Author’s Perspective

Including:

•Describe why the author included certain pieces of text (e.g., introduction), •Describe why the author chose to tell the story from a narrator’s point of view •Describe why the author wrote the text (e.g., to inform, to persuade, to entertain) •Recognize Point of View as the author’s perspective/ attitude/ stance toward an event, issue, another character Narrator’s Point of View Point of view is “the vantage point, or stance” from which a story is told, the eye and mind through which the action is perceived and filtered. …. (this) is sometimes called narrative perspective.”

Identify Point of View in both narrative and expository text: The perspective/attitude/stance toward an event, issue, another character

Point of view is “the vantage point, or stance” from which a story is told, the eye and mind through which the action is perceived and filtered. …. (this) is sometimes called narrative perspective.” • 1 st Person —“The narrator stands inside the story. The narrator may be the protagonist, a minor character, or a character who is not directly involved in the action but who functions as an observer and recorder. … Employing first person point of view has several advantages. One of these is credibility. A strange or fantastic story is easier to believe if told by someone who is supposedly relating a first-hand experience. And it is far more natural for a character to reveal her own thoughts than it is for the author to tell us what she is thinking and feeling. Another advantage is in intimacy. The ‘I’ narrator seems to address the reader directly and from the heart, sharing his personal observations and insights with an interested listener. But first-person narration also has disadvantages. The reader can see, hear, and know only what the narrator sees, hears, and knows. The reader’s perceptions of other characters are colored by the narrators predispositions, prejudices, and personal limitations.” • 3 rd Person/ Omniscient —This is the most common 3rd person

narrative perspective. “Here the narrator, standing outside the story, assumes a god-like persona, moving about freely in time and space, revealing the thoughts and motives of all the characters, knowing the past, present and future, and (sometimes) commenting on or interpreting the actions of the characters. The major advantage of this approach is its obvious freedom and unlimited scope. Its major disadvantage is a relative loss of vividness, involvement and intimacy. This disadvantage is overcome somewhat if the narrator assumes limited omniscience? • 3rd Person/Limited Omniscience—In 3rd person limited omniscience, the narrator focuses on the “thoughts of a single character and presents the other characters only externally. This more restricted approach surrenders the privileges of seeing and knowing everything and typically follows one character throughout the story, presenting only those incidents in which the character is involved.” • 3rd Person/Objective—This point of view “is an even more restricted type of 3rd person limited omniscience that prevents any subjective commentary by the author…. (This approach) also abandons freedom of movement in time and space, examination of motives, and revelation of thoughts, and restricts the narrator to only those objective details that can be seen and heard by an invisible witness. (This is sometimes) called the scenic method or the fly-on-the-wall technique.

 

(D) identify basic conflicts; {English Grade 9 Obj. 2}1.Conflicts: Types •Man v. Man •Man v. Society •Man v. Environment •Man v. Self (internal) •Man v. Fate (particularly in mythology) 2. Conflicts: How they are addressed and resolved •Everybody wins •Flight •Fight •Death •Compromise •Someone wins; someone Loses •Acceptance

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  (E)  analyze the development of plot in narrative text; {English Grade 9 Obj. 2}Including: Recognize Plot as the “careful arrangement by an author of incidents in a narrative to achieve a desired effect. Plot is more than simply the arrangement of happenings…. It is the result of

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the writer’s deliberate selection of interrelated actions… and the choice of arrangement in presenting and resolving a conflict. … Most plots involve conflict, a struggle between two opposing forces.” Analyze Plot Elements (when they are used and for what purpose) •Exposition (introduction of characters, setting, background information, etc., includes narrator and point of view) •Narrative hook (inciting incident; introduction of the conflict or the story problem) •Rising Action (events leading up to climax) or Complication (building of the tension between opposing forces) •Climax (highest point of interest or the turning point) •Falling Action (leading down to the resolution of the story problem/line) •Resolution/Denouement (conclusion or end) Including analyzing text in order to determine: •How does author build suspense •The story problem? •When the story problem begins •How the author develops (the plot) of the passage •How the point of view influences the reader’s understanding of a character •The cause of the conflict(s) 1. Conflicts: Types •Man v. Man (external) •Man v. Society (external) •Man v. Environment (external) •Man v. Fate (such as mythology or drama) •Man v. Self (internal) 2. Conflicts: How they are addressed and resolved •Everybody wins •Flight/run away/avoid •Fight /resist •Death •Compromise •Someone wins; someone loses Including: Flashback as “… a way of presenting scenes or incidents that took place before the opening scene. The flashback can be introduced in a number of ways. A character may tell another character about past events, have a dream about them, or simply think back to the events…. The advantage of using a flashback is that the story can start in the middle or near the end, get the reader involved, and then fill in what led up to that point.

Foreshadowing as “…giving hints or clues that suggest or prepare for events that occur later in the work. … Foreshadowing creates suspense, prepares the reader for what happens next, and makes final outcomes seem inevitable. Style as the writer used specific words, phrases, or allusions.

 

(F)  recognize and interpret important symbols; {English Grade 9 Obj. 2}Symbolism as “… anything that signifies or stands for something else. In literature, a symbol is usually something concrete—an object, a place, a character, an action—that stands for or suggests something abstract

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(G)  recognize and interpret poetic elements like metaphor, simile, personification, and the effect of sound on meaning; and {English Grade 9 Obj. 2}Including: •The author’s purpose in using a specific simile, •The author’s purpose in alluding to a a specific parable, •The purpose of the author’s use of rhythms/repetition in a narrative passage, •The author's purpose in using a specific metaphor •The author’s use of “figurative/vividly descriptive language” such as specific images and vivid adjectives/adverbs And other literary language such as

o epic simile/Homeric simile o epithets

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(H)  understand literary forms and terms such as author, drama, biography, autobiography, myth, tall tale, dialogue, tragedy and comedy, [structure in poetry, epic, ballad,] protagonist, antagonist, paradox, analogy, dialect, and comic relief as appropriate to the selections being read. {English Grade 9 Obj. 2}Including an emphasis on the significance of the author’s use of: •Fable •Flashback •Foreshadowing •Point of view •Irony •Symbols/symbolism•Mood •Tone •Style

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  (12)  The student reads critically to evaluate texts. The student is expected to:            

  (A)  analyze characteristics of text, including its structure, word IP M

choices, and intended audience; {English Grade 9 Obj. 3}

 

(B)  evaluate the credibility of information sources and determine the writer's motives; {English Grade 9 Obj. 3}Including analyzing "Why (or how) did the author do something" such as how/why the author: •Supports an idea, •Describes a character, event, of scene, or •Chooses a particular allusion or symbol. TAKS Note: This student expectation was not tested at any grade level in 2003 or 2004.

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(C)  analyze text to evaluate the logical argument [and to determine the mode of reasoning used such as induction and deduction]; and {English Grade 9 Obj. 3}Including: Applying the concepts: •Inductive process: draw conclusions and then validate/support it with text evidence, primarily direct quotations from the text •Deductive process: when given a conclusion or generalization. validate/support them with text evidence (primarily direct quotations from the text) and/or [with personal experience/prior learning] TAKS Note: Since TAKS is a text-dependent test, conclusions must be supported with text evidence. Analyzing expository text and recognizing: •Emotional appeals that are valid •Logical appeals (statistics, examples, comparisons/contrasts, etc.) that are valid •Personality as a valid proof source •Symbols •Logical fallacies, such as•Glittering generalities/over-generalization •False cause/effect relationships •False analogies •Invalid use/interpretation of statistics •Invalid use of emotional proof (“Appeal to the Crowd”) •Invalid use of personality proof (“Wise Men Can Be Wrong’) •Bandwagon

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 (D)  analyze texts such as editorials, [documentaries,] and

advertisements for bias and use of common persuasive techniques. {English Grade 9 Obj. 3}

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 (13) The student reads in order to research self-selected and

assigned topics. The student is expected to:

           

  (A)  generate relevant, interesting, and researchable questionsIncluding: •Asks and answers relevant questions for personal clarification

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and extension of ideas in group discussions and to conduct formal and informal research •Analyzes questions to determine the best source of information to answer them (e.g., print, experts, technology) •Writes relevant questions before reading information on a given topic he or she would like to investigate and revises questions after gathering information

 (B)  locate appropriate print and non-print information using texts

and technical resources, periodicals and book indices, including databases and the Internet

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  (C)  organize and convert information into different forms such as charts, graphs, and drawings I P P M

 (D)  adapt researched material for presentation to different

audiences and for different purposes, and cite sources completely

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(E)  draw conclusions from information gatheredIncluding: •Infer: take specific information (from multiple sources and/or prior experience/learning) in order to draw a conclusion or form a generalization; an inductive process; “reading between the lines.” [The writer implies; the reader infers.] •Draw and Support Conclusions With and Without Text Evidence: A statement about an individual person, place, thing, or event that is supported by accurate information [Note: On TAKS, that information must come from the text.] Conclusions are “some” or “sometimes” statements. There are many different kinds of conclusions, e.g.:

o a statement about an individual person, place, thing, or event; o a statement/conclusion about the future = prediction; o a statement/conclusion about why something happened = cause/effect

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  (14) The student listens attentively for a variety of purposes. The student is expected to:            

 

(A)  focus attention on the speaker's messageIncluding: •Identifies the speaker’s message(s)—both verbal and non-verbal •Identifies the speaker’s purpose (e.g., to inform, to persuade, to entertain) •Identifies the speaker’s point of view and bias

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  (B)  use knowledge of language and develop vocabulary to interpret accurately the speaker's messageIncluding the speaker’s use of

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•Connotative and denotative (dictionary meaning) of language •Diction (formal v. informal language) •Tone

 

(C)  monitor speaker's message for clarity and understanding such as asking relevant questions to clarify understandingIncluding asks himself/herself questions such as: •What is the speaker’s purpose? •What is the speaker’s main idea(s)? •Does the speaker support/elaborate the main ideas? •Is the support fact or opinion? •What is not clear to me? •What else do I need to know?

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(D)  formulate and provide effective verbal and nonverbal feedbackIncluding providing constructive feedback on the speaker’s: •Verbal and non-verbal techniques •Success in communicating the major message(s)•Use of language (style, e.g., diction and tone) •Persuasive devices (e.g., examples, statistics, emotional appeals, citations of valid authorities, etc.)

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 (15) The student listens to analyze, appreciate, and evaluate oral

performances and presentations. The student is expected to:

           

 

(A)  listen and respond appropriately to presentations and performances of peers or published works such as original essays or narratives, interpretations of poetry, or individual or group performances of scriptsIncluding: •Analyzing criteria for evaluation of the type of presentation (e.g., for speeches, oral interpretations of published work, etc.) •Providing constructive feedback to the speaker, based on the criteria

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 (B)  identify and analyze the effect of artistic elements within

literary texts such as character development, rhyme, imagery, and language

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(C)  evaluate informative and persuasive presentations of peers, public figures, and media presentationsIncluding: •Analyzing criteria for the evaluation of persuasive presentations, with an emphasis on the use of

O persuasive devices (logic, emotion, and authority) O logical fallacies (e.g., overgeneralizations, faulty use of statistics, false analogies, fallacious use of emotional appeals, and fallacious use of authority)

•Evaluating the presentation based on the criteria

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(D)  evaluate artistic performances of peers, public presenters, and media presentationsIncluding: •Analyze unique criteria for the evaluation of artistic performances such as plays, dramatic readings, etc. •Evaluate the presentation based on the criteria

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(E)  use audience feedback to evaluate his/her own effectiveness and set goals for future presentationsIncluding:•Analyzing the feedback •Evaluating changes that could be made •Setting goals for future presentations based on the feedback

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 (16) The student speaks clearly and effectively for a variety of

purposes and audiences. The student is expected to:

           

 (A)  use the conventions of oral language effectively

Including: A set student/teacher criterion or rubric of effective language.

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  (B)  use informal, standard, and technical language effectively to meet the needs of purpose, audience, occasion, and task I P P P M

 

(C)  prepare, organize, and present a variety of informative messages effectivelyIncluding class presentations related to issues raised by a variety of narrative and expository text

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(D)  use effective verbal and nonverbal strategies in presenting oral messagesIncluding:•Use standard pronunciation and correct grammar in oral presentations •Use language that is appropriate to the purpose, audience and occasion •Use effective tone, pace, volume, inflection, gestures, and facial expressions that are appropriate to the purpose, audience and occasion

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(E)  ask clear questions for a variety of purposes and respond appropriately to the questions of othersIncluding responding appropriately to questions from listeners and asking clear, appropriate questions to speakers to probe, extend, and clarify issues raised in the oral presentation

I P P M

 (F)  make relevant contributions in conversations and discussions

Including formal and informal class discussions of issues raised in response to a variety of narrative and expository texts

I P P M

  (17) The student prepares, organizes, and presents informative and persuasive oral messages.

           

The student is expected to:

 

(A)  present and advance a clear thesis and support the major thesis with logical points or argumentsIncluding: •Present a clear thesis (main idea) statement •Support the major thesis statement with logical points/arguments, such as examples, descriptions, statistics, analogies, valid appeals to emotion, and use of valid authorities

I P M

 

(B)  choose valid evidence, proofs, or examples to support claimsIncluding:•Examples•Descriptions •Statistics •Analogies •Valid appeals to emotion •Use of valid authorities

I P M

 

(C)  use appropriate and effective appeals to support points or claimsIncluding: •Logical appeals (logos) o examples o statistics o analogies o syllogisms •emotional appeals (pathos)

•Appeals to authority (ethos)

I P M

  (D)  use effective verbal and nonverbal strategies such as pitch and tone of voice, posture, and eye contact I P M

 (18) The student prepares, organizes, and presents literary

interpretations. The student is expected to:

           

 (A)  make valid interpretations of literary texts such as telling

stories, interpreting poems, stories, or essaysIncluding oral reading/interpretation of literary text

IP M

 (B)  analyze purpose, audience, and occasion to choose effective

verbal and nonverbal strategies such as pitch and tone of voice, posture, and eye contact

I P M

 (19) The student understands and interprets visual

representations. The student is expected to:

           

  (A)  describe how meanings are communicated through elements of design, including shape, line, color, and textureIncluding analysis of book illustrations, age-appropriate political cartoons, print and electronic advertisements to identify

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•Illustrator’s choice of style (e.g., realistic, imaginary, literal, humorous) influence the text’s meaning

 

(B)  analyze relationships, ideas, [and cultures] as represented in various media; and {English Grade 9 Obj. 3}Including:•Why someone chose to use an item of media •A comparison of information in the media Analyzing relationships, ideas and cultures as found in: •Photographs from newspapers, magazines, and advertisements •Cartoons •Advertisements/Flyers/Brochures •Posters •Informational Charts/Graphs/Tables •Paintings/Drawings •Signs •Web Pages •PowerPoint (or other slide show presentation)

IP M

 

(C)  distinguish the purposes of various media forms such as informative texts, entertaining texts, and advertisements. {English Grade 9 Obj. 3}Including: Analyzing of the purpose of various visual media: •Photographs from newspapers, magazines, and advertisements •Cartoons •Advertisements/Flyers/Brochures •Posters •Informational Charts/Graphs/Tables •Paintings/Drawings •Signs •Web Pages •PowerPoint (or other slide show presentation) Determining the purpose such as: •The purpose of this advertisement is to — •The reader can tell that the movie’s primary purpose is to — •The artist of this cartoon probably wants readers to — •The primary purpose of this chart is to — Analyzing an overall medium to draw conclusions about the message (i.e., purpose) the creator was trying to convey such as: •The attitude of the girl in the cartoon can best be described as — •What can the reader conclude about the group that sponsored this ad?

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 (20) The student analyzes and critiques the significance of visual

representations. The student is expected to:

           

  (A)  investigate the source of a media presentation or production such as who made it and why it was made I P M

 

(B)  deconstruct media to get the main idea of the message's content; and {English Grade 9 Obj. 3}Including: Identify the Intended Audience of Media [e.g., The reader can conclude that the movie is primarily intended for an audience of — (C* families)] Identify the Main Idea of Media •Why are the drawings of the plants an essential part of the chart? [F* They aid in identifying the plants.] •What is the primary message of the cartoon? [D* Personal experience can teach lessons in a difficult way.] •One underlying message of the poster is that — [A* many cultures contribute to our society.] •What is the poster’s slogan? [D* Cultivate Your Roots] Identify the Artist’s Purpose in Using Media •Determine the message(s)/main idea(s), slogans, messages, etc. •Determine the editor's/artist's purpose(s) •Provide information •Determine the effect of the media (or elements of the media) on the audience

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  (C)  evaluate and critique the persuasive techniques of media messages such as glittering generalities, logical fallacies, and symbols. {English Grade 9 Obj. 3}Including: Analyze expository text and recognize: •Emotional appeals that are valid •Logical appeals (statistics, examples, comparisons/contrasts, etc.) that are valid •Testimonial from a famous person as a valid proof source •Symbols •Logical fallacies, such as o Glittering generalities/over-generalization o False cause/effect relationships o False analogies o Invalid use/interpretation of statistics o Invalid use of emotional proof (“Appeal to the Crowd”) o Invalid use of personality proof (“Wise Men Can Be Wrong”) o Bandwagon

Respond to questions such as: •An underlying message of the ad is that —

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•The designer of the ad uses photographs to — •The fact that most of the names on the wall are out of focus suggests that the photographer — •One assumption in the text of the flyer is that most people —

 (D)  recognize how visual and sound techniques or design convey

messages in media such as special effects, editing, camera angles, reaction shots, sequencing, and music

IP M

  (E)  recognize genres such as nightly news, newsmagazines, and documentaries and identify the unique properties of each I P M

 (F)  compare, contrast, and critique various media coverage of the

same event such as in newspapers, television, and on the Internet

I P M

 (21) The student produces visual representations that communicate with others.

The student is expected to:           

  (A)  examine the effect of media on constructing his/her own perception of reality I P M

  (B)  use a variety of forms and technologies such as videos, photographs, and web pages to communicate specific messages I PM

  (C)  use a range of techniques to plan and create a media text and reflect critically on the work produced I PM

 (D)  create media products to include a billboard, cereal box, short

editorial, and a three- minute documentary or print ad to engage specific audiences

I PM

 (E)  create, present, test, and revise a project and analyze a response,

using data-gathering techniques such as questionnaires, group discussions, and feedback forms

I PM