anderson & yin case study

7/27/2019 Anderson & Yin case study

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CASE STUDY RESEARCH

DESIGN AND MOTHEDS

Chapter 4. Conducting Case

LOGO

Evidence

Author : Robert K. Yin

Presenter: AndersonAesl Lab


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Outline

Introduction

Six data sources

The three principles for data collection

Q&A

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Introduction

Collecting the Evidence for Case StudyResearch

Six Data Sources Three Principles

1. Use Multiple Sources ofEvidence

2. Create a Case Study Database

3. Maintain a Chain of Evidence

1. Documents2. Archival

Records

3. Interviews4. Direct

Observations

5. Participant-

Observations

6. Physical

Artifacts2/22


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SIX DATA SOURCES

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1. Six Data Sources : Documents

Documents can refer to

letters, memoranda, and other communiques

agendas, announcements and minutes of

meetings, and other written reports of events

,progress reports, and other internal records

formal studies or evaluations of the same

site under study Newspaper clippings and other articles

appearing in the mass media or in community

newsletters 4/22


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1. Six Data Sources : Documents

You can use documents to

Verify the correct spellings and tiles or

names of organizations that might have been

mentioned in the interview.

information from other sources.

Make inferences

But Notice!!! Any document is written for some specific

purposes and interests. Be careful not to be

misled by the documents we collected. 5/22


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2. Six Data Sources : Archival Records

Archival records can refer to

service records, such as those showing the number

of clients served over a given period of time organizational records, such as organizational

charts and budgets over a period of time

maps and charts of the geographical characteristicsor layouts of a place

lists of names and other relevant items

survey data, such as census records or datapreviously collected about a site

personal records, such as diaries, calendars, and

telephone listing

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2. Six Data Sources : Archival Records

Archival records are also produced for a

specific purpose and a specific audience and

these conditions must be fully appreciated ininterpreting the usefulness and accuracy of

records.

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3. Six Data Sources : Interviews

Case study interviews are of an open-ended nature.

Note that this means you have two jobs

to follow your own line of inquiry, as reflected by your casestudy protocol

to ask your actual questions in an unbiased manner

You can ask key respondents about the facts of amatterand their opinions about events.

Sometimes a respondent is not just a respondent. He/ She can also play an informant who suggests

sources of corroboratory or contrary evidence.

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3. Six Data Sources : Interviews

The other type of interview entails more

structured questions, along the lines of a

formalsurvey. Which can be designed as part of a case study

and roduce uantitative data as art of the

case study evidence.

Overall, interviews are an essential source of

case study case study evidence because most

case studies are about human affairs.

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4. Six Data Sources : Direct Observation

By making a field visitto the case study site,

you are creating the opportunity for direct

observations. Some relevant behaviors or environmental

conditions will be available for observation.

This can involve observations of meetings,

sidewalk activities, factory work, classrooms

and the like.

To increase the reliability of observational

evidence, a common procedure is to have

more than a single observermaking an

observation. 10/22


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5. Six Data Sources : Participant-

Observation

Participant-Observation is a special mode of

observation in which you are not merely a

passive observer. For examples, Being a resident in a neighborhood that is the

sub ect of a case stud .

Taking some other functional role in a

neighborhood, such as serving as a

storekeepers assistant.

Serving as a staff member in an organizational

setting.

Being a key decision maker in an

organizational setting 11/22


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5. Six Data Sources : Participant-Observation

Opportunities

To gain access to events or

groups that are otherwise

inaccessible to scientific

investigation

To perceive reality from the

Problems

May have less ability to work as

an external observer

May become a supporter of the

group or organization being

studied

the case study

May have the ability to

manipulate minor events

ay no ave su c en me o

take notes or to raise questions

about events from different

perspectives, as a good observer

might

If the organization or socialgroup being studied is

physically dispersed, the

investigator may find it difficult

to be at the right place at theright time 12/22


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6. Six Data Sources : Physical Artifacts

A final source of evidence is a physical or

cultural artifact a technology logical device,

a tool or instrument, a work of artor someother physical evidence.

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Summary

The various sources are highly

complementary, and a good case study

therefore does not only use one data source.

acquainted with the procedures associated

with using each source of evidence.

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THE THREE PRINCIPALS

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Principle 1: Use Multiple Sources of Evidence

The use of multiple sources of evidence in

case studies allows an investigator to address

a broader range of historical, attitudinal, andbehavioral issues.

Thus, any finding or conclusion in a case

study is likely to be much more convincing

and accurate if it is based on several different

sources of information.

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Triangulation: Rationale for using multiple

sources of evidence.

There are four types of triangulation thetriangulation

r ri n l i n

among different evaluators ( investigatortriangulation)

of perspectives to the same data set ( theory

triangulation) Of methods (methodological triangulation)

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Prerequisites for using multiple sources of

evidence.

It is more expensive.

The investigator needs to know how to carry

.

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Principle 2: Create a Case Study Database

The lack of a formal database for most case

study efforts is a major shortcoming of case

study research and needs to be corrected.

,

the evidence directly and not to be limited tothe written case study reports.

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Principle 3: Maintain a Chain of Evidence

Case Study Database

Case Study Report

a ons o pec c v en ary ources n

the Case Study Data base

Case Study Protocol

(linking questions to protocol topics)

Case Study Questions

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Summary

With applying these three principles, the

validity and reliability of the case study can

be more enhanced.

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Q&A


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Please visit our website:

http://www.aesl.nccu.edu.tw

Research Topics: SOA & SSME (service science)

AeSL, Ambient e-Service Lab

64, Sec. 2,Zhi-nan Rd., Wensh an, Taipei 116, Taiwan, Republic o f China,Commerce Bu ildin g 5F