andrea detweiler
DESCRIPTION
Architecture PortfolioTRANSCRIPT
P O R T F O L I O
2012-20
15
4
14
20
26
C O N T E N T SHOUSING IN CHICAGOLAND Resiliency in the Face of Impending Climate Doom
LIGHT, AIR, MOVEMENT Kinetic Skylight
SARAHA NYINGMA BUDDHIST INSTITUTE Here Now
WATERSHED JUNCTION A Machine is a Wetland for Parking In
TYPE, PLACE, TIME | PROFESSOR PETER KEYES | WINTER-SPRING 2015
In the near future, energy prices will become increasingly unaffordable as oil becomes more scarce. This project proposes housing that will remain affordable to heat and cool even after energy prices become unaffordable.
Energy scarcity will become particularly problematic in areas like suburban Chicago. It is a particularly relevant case study to examine given its significant heating and cooling season and its car-oriented development pattern.
Though suburban Chicago poses unique challenges, it is also promising in terms of opportunity for change. This housing solution makes use of Chicago’s repetitive block pattern and lot size to propose a replicable multifamily housing module. It also makes use of Chicago’s well-established commuter rail system, Metra, to propose a less energy-intensive alternative to car-oriented development.
HOUSING IN CHICAGOLAND: RESILIENCY IN THE FACE OF IMPENDING CLIMATE DOOM
TRANSIT-ORIENTED DEVELOPMENTThe proposed multifamily building fits on three adjacent 30’x125’ lots, of which Chicago has thousands. This three-lot solution comprises 19 housing units, which would replace only three single-family homes. Placing these denser buildings near commuter rail stations would contribute to a hierarchy of density within the endless repetitive blocks of single-family housing. Mapped below are the lots within half a mile of a transit station, showing the significant number of lots on which this solution might be applicable.
10,000 - 145,000
PEOPLE PER SQUARE MILE METRA LINES
PROPOSED METRA LINES
3,000 - 10,000
1,000 - 3,000
100 - 1,000
10,000 - 145,000
PEOPLE PER SQUARE MILE METRA LINES
PROPOSED METRA LINES
3,000 - 10,000
1,000 - 3,000
100 - 1,000
10,000 - 145,000
PEOPLE PER SQUARE MILE METRA LINES
PROPOSED METRA LINES
3,000 - 10,000
1,000 - 3,000
100 - 1,000
COMMUTER RAIL LINES + POPULATION DENSITY
SITE PLAN
CONNECTION TO THE OUTDOORSEvery unit has private outdoor space, and the larger family units also have direct access to the semiprivate courtyards. Unconditioned glass enclosures provide circulation to 6-7 units each and provide a warm indoor/outdoor space in which residents can enjoy daylight in the cool spring and autumn.
UNITS WITH A MINIMAL FOOTPRINTThe dwellings make use of the spatial techniques diagrammed at right in order to feel more generous than their areas would suggest.
The residents of suburban Chicago are accustomed to private outdoor space in addition to larger units. By incorporating outdoor space in a way that it feels like part of the unit, even small dwellings have access to outdoor space with a high degree of privacy.
With carefully placed windows along sightlines and at the corners of rooms, the dwellings create a feeling of connection to the outdoors and avoid the “thermos-bottle” effect of many Passivhaus buildings.
34' - 0"
14' -
6"
27' - 0"
18' - 0"
18' -
0"
36' -
6"
34' - 0"
14' -
6"
27' - 0"
18' - 0"
18' -
0"
36' -
6"
STUDIO 290 SF 1 BR 490 SF
OUTDOOR SPACE AS PART OF THE UNIT
SPATIAL LAYERING
CONTRAST BETWEEN TIGHTLY PACKED POCHE
AND FLEXIBLE OPEN SPACE
EROSION AT CORNERS
UP
34' - 0"
14' -
6"
16' - 0"
40' -
0"
UP
34' - 0"
14' -
6"
16' - 0"
40' -
0"
DN
DN
34' - 0"
14' -
6"
27' - 0"
18' - 0"
18' -
0"
36' -
6"
2 BR 980 SF 1 BR 660 SF 3 BR 1120 SF
ENERGY ANALYSIS
RESULTS
SUMMARY
Comparison to Passivhaus Standard
Cooling Demand: 4.00 kBTU/sf/yr
Heating Demand: 3.93 kBTU/sf/yr
Source Energy Demand: 49.3 kBTU/sf/yr
22.5 Occupants
9 Dwelling Units
Heating Setpoint: 65 F
Cooling Setpoint: 77 F
Gross Floor Area: 5625 sf
Net Floor Area: 4500 sf
Walls
Windows
Doors
Roof
Floor
Airtightness
Heating: Air-Source Heat Pump
Cooling: Air-Source Heat Pump
Heat-Recovery Ventilator
Heat Pump Water Heater
40.3
R-value
6.5
5.6
79.8
51.2
.3 ACH
100%
E�ciency
410%
83%
180%
83%
84%
130%
ENERGY ANALYSISTaking a Passivhaus approach to heating and cooling, these are well-insulated, air-tight buildings. Analysis was done using studio energy consultant Dylan Lamar’s custom software, a simplification of the Passivhaus software. The building’s heating and cooling demand both meet Passivhaus standards. The thick walls are expressed as a shell from which windows have been cut away, leaving blue “poche” where openings are punched out of the enclosure.
STANDING SEAM METAL ROOF
WEATHER BARRIER
PLYWOOD SHEATHING
18” WOOD TRUSS
18” BLOWN-IN FIBERGLASS INSULATION
CUSTOM GUTTER/FASCIA
ZOLA THERMOCLAD CASEMENT WINDOW
2X6 STUD WALL
5.5” BLOWN-IN FIBERGLASS INSULATION
12” I-JOIST WITH FIBERGLASS INSULATION
CONCRETE FOOTING
GROUND-CONTACT RATED BOARD
WOOD SIDING
3/4” VERTICAL BATTENS
4” POLYISO FOAM INSULATION, TAPED AT SEAMS
LIQUID-APPLIED WEATHER AND AIR BARRIER
WOOD BEAM
.5” GYPSUM BOARD
WOOD SIDING
3/4” VERTICAL BATTENS
4” POLYISO FOAM INSULATION
LIQUID-APPLIED WEATHER AND AIR BARRIER
2X6 STUD WALL
5.5” BLOWN-IN FIBERGLASS INSULATION
.5” GYPSUM BOARD
ZOLA THERMOCLAD FIXED WINDOW
FLASHING
STANDING SEAM METAL ROOF
WEATHER BARRIER
PLYWOOD SHEATHING
18” WOOD TRUSS
18” BLOWN-IN FIBERGLASS INSULATION
CUSTOM GUTTER/FASCIA
ZOLA THERMOCLAD CASEMENT WINDOW
2X6 STUD WALL
5.5” BLOWN-IN FIBERGLASS INSULATION
12” I-JOIST WITH FIBERGLASS INSULATION
CONCRETE FOOTING
GROUND-CONTACT RATED BOARD
WOOD SIDING
3/4” VERTICAL BATTENS
4” POLYISO FOAM INSULATION, TAPED AT SEAMS
LIQUID-APPLIED WEATHER AND AIR BARRIER
WOOD BEAM
.5” GYPSUM BOARD
WOOD SIDING
3/4” VERTICAL BATTENS
4” POLYISO FOAM INSULATION
LIQUID-APPLIED WEATHER AND AIR BARRIER
2X6 STUD WALL
5.5” BLOWN-IN FIBERGLASS INSULATION
.5” GYPSUM BOARD
ZOLA THERMOCLAD FIXED WINDOW
FLASHING
SHELL WITH PUNCHED OPENINGS
PLAN DETAILWALL SECTION
KINETIC ARCHITECTURE | PROFESSOR STEPHEN DUFF | SPRING 2014
LIGHT, AIR, MOVEMENT: A KINETIC SKYLIGHT
An entirely human-powered device, this kinetic feature draws attention to passive ventilation and daylight. The skylights lift up and off of the building, poeticizing the movement of air through the atrium. The apertures were designed around the necessity to create a weatherproof enclosure, and they are sized to meet 50% of the building’s cooling load through stack ventilation.
Counterweights minimize the force necessary to operate the mechanism. The skylights can be opened by one person turning a hand wheel, applying about one quarter horsepower over 12 seconds.
Project completed with teammates Alexandra Forin and Benjamin Toda.
CLICK TO WATCH ANIMATION https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2x9PUYEtma8
90� bevel gears
90� bevel gears7:1 gear reduction
4:1 gear reduction
3’ handwheel
1.5” torsion tube
2.5” torsion tube
wheels and axle
W4x13 link arms
HSS 3x1.5 - 1/4 window3/8” tempered glass
270 lb counterweight
DRIVE SYSTEM
SKYLIGHT SYSTEM
ASSEMBLYEnsuring safety, there are no exposed mechanisms within a person’s reach. A rotary viscous damper keeps the mechanism operating at a constant speed and avoids uncontrolled movement, and a locking mechanism prevents unintended motion due to wind.
Stack ventilation accounts for 12btu/ h ft2, or about 50% of the building’s cooling load.
Stack opening area: 288 ft2
Total floor area: 10,000 ft2
Daylight factor: 5%Heat gain: 25.7 btu/ h ft2
The counterweight is designed to minimize the amount of work necessary to open the skylights. As the graph at right shows, the horizontal distance of the counterweight to the axle (and therefore the moment force of the counterweight) closely resembles the distance of the window to the axle at each point during the wheel’s rotation, canceling each other out nearly exactly. The power needed to open the window was calculated using the maximum difference between the window and counterweight’s moment (3200 #in). The largest differences occur at the beginning and end of the wheel’s rotation, helping to keep the skylight shut when it is shut and open when it is open.
MECHANICAL DESIGN
PERFORMANCE
COUNTERWEIGHT
DEGREE OF ROTATION
80º0º
3”
4”
2”
1”
10º 20º 30º 40º 50º 60º 70º 90º 100º 110º 120º
WINDOW
HO
RIZ
ON
TA
L D
IST
AN
CE
F
RO
M A
XL
E T
O P
IN
STACK VENTILATION CAPACITY
STACK HEIGHT
Btu/ h ft2
30%
75
60
45
30
15
20%
10%
0
ST
AC
K A
RE
AP
ER
CE
NT
AG
E O
F F
LOO
R A
RE
A
0 10 20 30 40 50
ft
HERE NOW | PROFESSOR KEVIN NUTE | FALL 2013
SARAHA NYINGMA BUDDHIST INSTITUTE | EUGENE, OR
Saraha Nyingma Buddhist Institute was established in 2011 in a building that was originally a Unitarian Church. This project converts that building into a temple more suited to their needs, which include educating newcomers about the Dudjom Lineage and the paths to Enlightenment. They hope this renovation enhances their welcoming presence in Eugene, increasing public awareness of Tibetan Buddhism and inviting new practitioners to the site.
This intervention places particular emphasis on the temple, highlighting it as sacred space. The octagonal temple was part of the existing building; I stripped away the rest of the building and set it in a pool of water, emphasizing its uniqueness. The new building surrounding it is deferential to the temple and encloses the sacred space around it.
TEMPLE SET LIKE A JEWEL
TEMPLE SET LIKE A JEWEL
EXISTING FOOTPRINT
PERMEABLE BOUNDARY
The building surrounding the temple is a habitable edge from which the temple set in its wooded context can be viewed. It consists of a visitor’s center, library, classrooms, workshop, guest lodging, and an apartment for the resident Lama. A significant portion of the building is covered but not enclosed, allowing users to be outdoors for much of the year in the mild but rainy Eugene weather. This brings practitioners closer to the meditative qualities of nature. Stone bearing walls perpendicular to the temple open up views into the wooded site, giving it a welcoming presence while clearly defining it as sacred space.
HABITABLE BOUNDARY
COVERED TERRACE
ENTRANCE
VIEW FROM THE LIBRARY
A MACHINE IS A WETLAND FOR PARKING IN | PROFESSOR BROOK MULLER | WINTER 2014
WATERSHED JUNCTION | PORTLAND, OREGON
This project takes a parking garage, typically the bane of urban infrastructure, and uses it to address a broader reality of transportation. The addition of a biodiesel production facility, a museum of transportation, and a public wetland plaza exposes the past, present, and future of transportation and the energy and environmental systems related to it. To illustrate these systems, the design is a microcosm of the regional watershed. A slot carved into the building emphasizes the axis linking the Tualatin Mountains and the Willamette River, pointing to where Portland’s water comes from and where it goes to. This site is a link along that journey.
Project completed with teammates Lore Burbano and Nicole Ghiselli.
ARCH 484/584 A MACHINE IS A WETLAND FOR PARKING INWINTER 2014 | PROFESSOR BROOK MULLERLORE BURBANO | ANDREA DETWEILER | NICKI GHISELLI
WATERSHED CORRIDOR
ENERGY
TRANSPORTATION
ZIDELL DEVELOPMENT PLAN
MOVEMENT THROUGH THE SITEPEOPLE The garage is located at a new light rail stop, which a plaza links with the pedestrian river path. A mechanical parking garage connects auto commuters with the light rail and river path systems.
ANIMALS The pedestrian plaza overlays a constructed wetland that supports a prey base for salmonids in the river and reestablishes habitat for many species that used to reside in the area.
WATER A slot carved into the building emphasizes the axis linking the Tualatin Mountains and the Willamette River, symbolizing the direction of the watershed. Before it reaches the river, rainwater collected onsite passes through a biodiesel production plant, a carwash, a water treatment facility, and a constructed wetland.
MOVEMENT OF PEOPLE/WATER
Algae is grown in glass panels on the south facade and its oil extracted and made into biodiesel on-site. The green facade acts as a billboard for alternative energy.
OFFICES
A
B
TRANSPORTATION MUSEUM
FUEL STATION AND BIODIESEL PLANT
MECHANICAL PARKING
WETLAND PLAZA
DISPLAYING ALTERNATIVE ENERGYThis project exposes the energy systems involved in transportation. A museum on the prominent northwest corner of the site informs visitors about the history and future of modes of transportation and their energy use, including the site’s heritage as a shipyard during the World Wars. Juxtaposed with this is a production facility that researches turning algae into biodiesel.
algae production
biodiesel research
carwash
o ces
classroms and lecture hallreturn: nutrient-rich water
return: water purified with biosand filter
imagine the future
recollect the past
take part in the present
SECTION A MUSEUM AND BIODIESEL PRODUCTION FACILITY
SLOW THE WATER FLOW AVOID DEAD CORNERS INCREASE PERIMETER MAINTAIN WATER DEPTH
SECTION B PLAZA WITH CONSTRUCTED WETLAND
AREA WETLANDS
Biodiesel is sold on-site at the fueling station. A carwash completes this one-stop shop for people parking their cars at the garage. In addition, every car that enters the garage has its underbody rinsed in order to remove the buildup of brake dust, containing heavy metals. This prevents brake dust from ending up on the roads, where it is washed into wetlands and rivers, causing harm to amphibians and fish. Water from the carwash and biodiesel plant is treated before it is reintroduced into the wetland, through which it eventually reaches the river.
UNDERBODY CAR WASH
ENTER
EXIT
EXIT
MECHANICAL LIFTS
WATER COLLECTION
MECHANICAL PARKING
WATER
VIEW FROM THE MUSEUM TO THE PLAZA
T H A N K Y O UAndrea Detweiler
M. Arch., University of Oregon, June [email protected]