Animal Kingdom

Features that Animals Share

• They are heterotrophs (can not make their own food)

• Can perform rapid, complex movements

• Multicellular

• Sexually reproduce

• Absence of a cell wall

• Tissues – specialized function

Most Have Symmetry

• Radial symmetry – body parts arranged around a central axis

• Bilateral symmetry – body design with distinct right and left halves

• Asymmetrical – irregular in shape

Phylum Porifera (Sponges)

• Multicellular marine animals

• Don’t move (anchored to rocks or the bottom)

• Radial symmetry

• Internal skeletons of spicules

• Pores that water flows through for feeding

• Single opening for outgoing water

Phylum Cnidarians

• Jellyfish, corals, and sea anemones

• Have stinging cells

• Marine and freshwater animals

• Radial symmetry

• Two body forms: polyps and medusa (free swimming)

• Two layers of cells that are tissues

Phylum Platyhelminthes

• Flatworms

• Flat body with single opening

• Bilateral symmetry

• Many are parasites (live off of another animal)

• Tapeworms and flukes

Phylum Nematoda

• Roundworms

• Tube within a tube body

• Two openings (mouth, anus)

• Simplest digestive system

• Some free living and some parasitic

• Hookworms, pinworms, trichinella

Phylum Mollusca

• Bilateral symmetry

• Three part body plan:– Visceral mass – the organs– Mantle – an outer layer of heavy tissue– Foot – muscle used for locomotion

• Organ systems: digestion, excretion, circulation, respiration, and reproduction

Phylum Mollusca

• Shell– One – snails– Two – clams– None – slug

• Radula – (except bivalves) a rasping tongue-like organ for scraping

• Cephalopods – most intelligent of invertabrates

Phylum Mollusca

• Snails

• Slugs

• Octopus

• Squid

• Clams

• Mussels

• Oysters

Phylum Annelida

• Segmented worms

• Fossils found in rock that is 530 million years old

• Has digestive, excretory, circulatory, and locomotive organs

Phylum Annelida

• Has a primitive brain

• Has a nerve cord that runs along the underside

• Have bristles called setae

to help them move

• Earthworms and leeches

Phylum Arthopoda

• Jointed appendages

• Segmentation

• Head with compound eyes

• Exoskeleton (outside)

• Respiratory structures

• Open circulatory system

• Some have wings

Phylum Arthopoda

• Class Diplopoda – millipedes

• Class Chilopoda – centipedes

• Class Insects – 3 segments, 3 legs– Grasshopper – chewing/biting mandible– Mosquito – piercing/sucking mandible– Fly – sponging/lapping mandible

Phylum Arthopoda• Class Arachnida – 2 segments, 8 legs

– Spiders, scorpions, ticks, and mites– Carnivores except for mites– Some are poisonous

Phylum Arthopoda

• Subphylum Crustacae – 2 segments, 5 pairs of legs– Molt or shed their exoskeleton to grow– Respiration with gills– Two pairs of antennae– Crabs, lobsters, shrimp, pill bugs

Phylum Echinodermata

• Spiny skin

• Endoskeleton

• Five-part radial symmetry

• Water-vascular system

• No head or brain

• Tube feet

• Sea stars, sea urchins, sand dollars, sea cucumbers

Phylum Chordata

• Notochord that develops along the back of the embryo

• Have a single hollow nerve chord down their back

• Not all develop into backbones

Vertebrates

• Chordates with a backbone• Endoskeleton• Bilateral symmetry• Two pairs of jointed appendages• Complex brains and sense organs• Closed circulatory system with a chambered

heart• Organ systems: nervous, circulatory, digestive,

respiratory, reproductive, excretory

Vertebrates Classes

• Jawless Fish

• Cartilaginous Fish

• Bony fish

• Amphibians

• Reptiles

• Birds

• Mammals

Jawless Fish• Gill slits• Single loop blood cirulation• No jaws • No scales• No paired fins• Cartilage skeleton• No scales• Example: Lamprey

Cartilaginous Fish

• Has a jaw

• Has paired fins

• Reinforced cartilage skeleton

• Rough tooth-like scales

• Gill slits

• Examples: sharks and rays

Bony fish

• Gill covers• Has a jaw• Has paired fins• Bony skeleton• Lateral line• Swim bladder• Scales• Examples: most fish, 95% of fish

Amphibians

• Adapted to land• Legs• Lungs (some skin breathing)• Double loop circulation• Heart to deliver oxygen more efficiently• Need water to reproduce• Eggs are not watertight, no shell• Metamorphosis – tadpole to adult• Ectothermic – body temperatures change• Examples: frogs, toads, salamanders

Reptiles

• Adapted to land

• Legs have scales, watertight skin

• Lungs

• Heart to deliver oxygen more efficiently

• Eggs have a leathery shell

• Ectothermic – body temperatures change

• Examples: turtles, lizards

Reptiles

• Dinosaurs were reptiles

• Four living lines:– Turtles– Snakes and lizards– Crocodiles and alligators– Tuataras

Birds

• Largest group of terrestrial vertebrates• Beaks• Wings• Hollow bones• Feathers• Scales on their legs• Endodermic – constant body temperature• Eggs have hard, watertight shells

Birds

• Beaks and legs differ according to use:– Birds of prey– Songbirds– Water birds– Flightless birds

Mammals

• Hair

• Diverse and specialized teeth

• Endothermic

• Mammary glands

• Unborn young nourished by a placenta

Mammals

• Reproduce in three ways:– Monotremes – Lay eggs then feed milk– Marsupials – Feed in a pouch– Placental – Unborn young nourished by a

placenta

Placental Mammals Orders

• Rontentia – mice, guinea pigs

• Chiroptera – bats

• Insectivora – shrew

• Carnivora – flesh-eating

• Pinnipedia – marine carivores

• Primate – monkeys and apes

Placental Mammals Orders

• Artiodactyla – split hooves

• Perissodactyla – odd number of toes, horses

• Cetacea – whales and dolphins

• Lagomorpha – rabbits

• Sirenia – manatees

• Probiscidea – elephants