animal nutrition i (ch. 41). keywords heterotroph autotroph herbivore carnivore omnivore...
TRANSCRIPT
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Animal Nutrition I (Ch. 41)
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Keywords
• Heterotroph• Autotroph• Herbivore• Carnivore• Omnivore• Intracellular digestion• Food vacuole• Extracellular digestion
• Gastrovascular cavity• Alimentary canal• Basic parts of
alimentary canal• Roles of mouth and
stomach in digestion
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Some of the best known and fascinating adaptations of
animals involve their feeding and digestion
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Examples:
• Reptile swallowing prey
• Baleen whales
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Python
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Starfish
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Chiasmodon niger
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Cryptopsaras couesi
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Eurypharynx pelecanoides
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Categories
• I. Autotroph
• II. Heterotroph– A. Herbivore– B. Carnivore– C. Omnivore
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Today we’ll focus on heterotrophs:Digestion
• Basic principles
• Invertebrates
• Humans
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Why is digestion necessary?
• Macromolecules cannot easily enter cell
COO-NH3+ cytoplasm
Cell membranepeptide
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Small molecules such as amino acids can
cytoplasm
Cell membranePeptide being digested
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cytoplasm
Cell membranePeptide being digested
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cytoplasm
Cell membranePeptide being digested
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cytoplasm
Cell membranePeptide being digested
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cytoplasm
Cell membrane
Digested peptide
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Even if macromolecules are taken in…
COO-NH3+ cytoplasm
Cell membranepeptide
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Even if macromolecules are taken in…
COO-NH3+
cytoplasm
Cell membrane
peptide
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They cannot be readily incorporated
COO-NH3+
cytoplasm
Cell membrane
Food peptideNew peptide
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Unless broken down first
cytoplasm
Cell membrane
Food peptideNew peptide
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Unless broken down first
cytoplasm
Cell membrane
Food peptideNew peptide
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Unless broken down first
cytoplasm
Cell membrane
Food peptideNew peptide
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This lecture will focus on how animals break down food
• I. Intracellular digestion– A. food vacuoles
• II. Extracellular digestion– A. outside organism– B. gastrovascular cavity– C. alimentary canal
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I. Intracellular digestion
• A. food vacuoles
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Intracellular digestion without vacuoles
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Intracellular digestion without vacuoles
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Intracellular digestion with vacuoles
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Intracellular digestion with vacuoles
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Intracellular digestion with vacuoles
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Digestion in Paramecium
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Intracellular digestionvs.
Extracellular digestion
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Extracellular digestion
• A. outside organism
• B. gastrovascular cavities
• C. alimentary canal
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Extracellular digestion
• A. outside organism
• B. gastrovascular cavities
• C. alimentary canal
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Gastrovascular cavity: Hydra
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Extracellular digestion
• A. outside organism
• B. gastrovascular cavities
• C. alimentary canal
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Gastrovascular cavity vs. Alimentary Canal
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Alimentary canal: a simple view
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mouth
Mechanicaldigestion storage
absorption
anus
Basic parts of alimentary canal
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Alimentary canal: mammalian
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Mouth
• Mechanical
• enzymatic
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Stomach
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Digestive mechanisms in
stomach
• Mechanical
• Chemical
• enzymatic