animal phyla
TRANSCRIPT
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Phylum Porifera
•Sessile•Feed by filtering food particles from water that passes through pores in their body
•Sponges•Simplest animals•Lack true tissues and organs•Asymmetrical
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Phylum Cnidaria•Jellyfish, Sea Anemone, Coral
•Tentacles with stinging cells
•Sessile or slow-moving
•Tentacles move food into the mouth, then into a digestive sac called the gastrovascular cavity
•Undigested food and wastes exit back through the mouth
•Radial symmetry
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Phylum Platyhelminthes
•Flatworms•Mobile•Most are free-living carnivores
-Muscular tube projects through the mouth and sucks in food-Food is then transported to the gastrovascular cavity-Undigested food and wastes exit through the mouth
•But some are parasitic that absorb digested food from inside a host
-Flukes-Tapeworms
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Phylum Nematoda•Roundworms
•Complete digestive tract has two openings. a mouth and an anus, at opposite ends of a continuous tube
•Decomposers, parasitic, or free-living
•Human parasitic examples: pinworm & hookworm
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Phylum Annelida-segmented worms (earthworms, leeches)
-longitudinal and circular muscle fibers surrounding body wall
-closed circulatory system: blood remains contained within vessels
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Phylum Mollusca
-snails, slugs, oysters, clams, octopuses, and squids
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Phylum Mollusca AnatomyFoot – muscular mass of tissue that functions in locomotion (video clip)
Mantle – outgrowth of body surface that drapes over the animal – produces the shell in certain mollusks – functions in respiration, waste disposal, and sensory reception
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Mollusks have an open circulatory system
– a heart pumps blood into vessels– the vessels open into chambers where the organs are bathed in blood
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Phylum Echinodermata-sea urchins, sea stars, sea cucumbers
-spines and plates under the skin make up the endoskeleton (but with no central spine)
-the water vascular system is a network of water-filled canals that aid movement
-tube feet function in locomotion, feeding, and respiration
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Phylum ArthropodaMost numerous and diverse animals
•75% of animals belong to this phylum•global population is 1 billion billion (1018)
1. crustaceans (lobsters, crabs, shrimp)2. arachnids (spiders, scorpions, mites, ticks)3. insects4. centipedes and millipedes
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General Characteristics of Phylum Arthropoda
Segmented body (different segments):• head – sensory antennae, eyes, mouthparts• thorax – midsection that bears jointed
appendages• abdomen – houses digestive and reproductive
organs
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General Characteristics of Phylum Arthropoda
-open circulatory system with a copper-based blood called hemolyph-unlike humans, arthropod blood does not carry oxygen
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General Characteristics of Phylum ArthropodaHow do arthropods get oxygen to their tissues?
Aquatic arthropods have gills
Terrestrial arthropods have trachea – a system of air tubes
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Exoskeleton – external skeleton that consists of proteins
mixed with chitin
– protection, avoid dehydration
Must molt periodically
General Characteristics of Phylum Arthropoda
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CrustaceansHead and thorax is fused cephalothoraxHave antennae; mostly aquatic
Copepods play an enormous role in the food chain of marine and freshwater communities
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ArachnidsHead and thorax is fused cephalothoraxNo antennae; mostly terrestrial
Two pairs of mouthparts:
1. Fanglike mouthparts used to paralyze prey with poison
2. Mouthparts used to manipulate prey once it is paralyzed
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Insects – the most successful arthropods
Entomology – study of insects
Reasons for success:
-ability to fly-diverse feeding habits-ability to metamorphasize
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Many arthropods, including insects, have compound eyes
Compound eyes consist of many eyes (can be over 1,000!)
Excellent in detecting motion, however, poor image resolution
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MetamorphosisMetamorphosis – a process in which body form changes from the sexually immature to the sexually mature stage
Incomplete metamorphosis:
-change is not dramatic-molting causes insect to grow
Complete metamorphosis:
-larval stage function in eating and growing-adult stage functions in moving and reproducing
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Phylum Chordata
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Notochord – flexible rod that extends down the length of the body
Invertebrate chordates – notochord becomes skeletonVertebrate chordates – notochord disintegrates
Chordates are named after a structure that is found in all chordate embryos