ii. animal diversity b. ecdysozoans 3. arthropod phyla e. phylum hexapoda 1. diversity - collembola
TRANSCRIPT
II. Animal Diversity
b. Ecdysozoans
3. Arthropod Phyla
e. Phylum Hexapoda
1. Diversity
- Collembola
II. Animal Diversity
b. Ecdysozoans
3. Arthropod Phyla
e. Phylum Hexapoda
1. Diversity
- Collembola
- Protura
II. Animal Diversity
b. Ecdysozoans
3. Arthropod Phyla
e. Phylum Hexapoda
1. Diversity
- Collembola
- Protura
- Insecta
II. Animal Diversity
b. Ecdysozoans
3. Arthropod Phyla
e. Phylum Hexapoda
2. Biology
- spiracles
II. Animal Diversity
b. Ecdysozoans
3. Arthropod Phyla
e. Phylum Hexapoda
2. Biology
- spiracles
- Fusion of segments into three
regions: head, thorax, abdomen
II. Animal Diversity
b. Ecdysozoans
3. Arthropod Phyla
e. Phylum Hexapoda
2. Biology
- spiracles
- Fusion of segments into three
regions: head, thorax, abdomen
- Flight in insects
II. Animal Diversity
C. Bilateria
1. Protostomes – blastopore forms mouth
a. Lophotrochozoans
b. Ecdysozoans
2. Deuterostomes – blastopore forms anus
a. Echinodermata
b. Hemichordata
c. Chordata
II. Animal Diversity
C. Bilateria
2. Deuterostomes – blastopore forms anus
a. Echinodermata
1. Diversity
- sea stars
II. Animal Diversity
C. Bilateria
2. Deuterostomes – blastopore forms anus
a. Echinodermata
1. Diversity
- sea stars
- sea cucumbers
II. Animal Diversity
C. Bilateria
2. Deuterostomes – blastopore forms anus
a. Echinodermata
1. Diversity
- sea stars
- sea cucumbers
- sea urchins
II. Animal Diversity
C. Bilateria
2. Deuterostomes – blastopore forms anus
a. Echinodermata
2. Biology
- “biradial symmetry”
II. Animal Diversity
C. Bilateria
2. Deuterostomes – blastopore forms anus
a. Echinodermata
2. Biology
- “biradial symmetry”
- internal skeleton – calcified plates
II. Animal Diversity
C. Bilateria
2. Deuterostomes – blastopore forms anus
a. Echinodermata
2. Biology
- “biradial symmetry”
- internal skeleton – calcified plates
- water vascular system and tube feet
(sieve plate, ring canal, radial canal)
II. Animal Diversity
C. Bilateria
2. Deuterostomes – blastopore forms anus
a. Echinodermata
2. Biology
- “biradial symmetry”
- internal skeleton – calcified plates
- water vascular system and tube feet
(sieve plate, ring canal, radial canal)
- filter feeders (Sea Lily), herbivores
(sea urchins), predators (sea stars).
II. Animal Diversity
C. Bilateria
2. Deuterostomes – blastopore forms anus
b. Hemichordata – Acorn Worms
II. Animal Diversity
C. Bilateria
2. Deuterostomes – blastopore forms anus
b. Hemichordata – Acorn Worms
- pharyngeal gill slits
- hollow dorsal nerve tube
II. Animal Diversity
C. Bilateria
2. Deuterostomes – blastopore forms anus
c. Chordata: Four Key Characters
II. Animal Diversity
C. Bilateria
2. Deuterostomes – blastopore forms anus
c. Chordata: Four Key Characters
- Pharyngeal Gill Slits
II. Animal Diversity
C. Bilateria
2. Deuterostomes – blastopore forms anus
c. Chordata: Four Key Characters
- Pharyngeal Gill Slits
- Hollow Dorsal Nerve Tube
II. Animal Diversity
C. Bilateria
2. Deuterostomes – blastopore forms anus
c. Chordata: Four Key Characters
- Pharyngeal Gill Slits
- Hollow Dorsal Nerve Tube
- Post-anal tail
II. Animal Diversity
C. Bilateria
2. Deuterostomes – blastopore forms anus
c. Chordata: Four Key Characters
- Pharyngeal Gill Slits
- Hollow Dorsal Nerve Tube
- Post-anal tail
- notochord – a rigid supporting rod
II. Animal Diversity
C. Bilateria
2. Deuterostomes – blastopore forms anus
c. Chordata: Four Key Characters
1. Urochordata - Tunicates
II. Animal Diversity
C. Bilateria
2. Deuterostomes – blastopore forms anus
c. Chordata: Four Key Characters
1. Urochordata – Tunicates
- 4 traits as larva
II. Animal Diversity
C. Bilateria
2. Deuterostomes – blastopore forms anus
c. Chordata: Four Key Characters
1. Urochordata – Tunicates
- 4 traits as larva
- mobile as larva
II. Animal Diversity
C. Bilateria
2. Deuterostomes – blastopore forms anus
c. Chordata: Four Key Characters
1. Urochordata – Tunicates
- 4 traits as larva
- mobile as larva
- become sedentary
as adults (filter)
II. Animal Diversity
C. Bilateria
2. Deuterostomes – blastopore forms anus
c. Chordata: Four Key Characters
2. Cephalochordata – Lancelets
II. Animal Diversity
C. Bilateria
2. Deuterostomes – blastopore forms anus
c. Chordata: Four Key Characters
2. Cephalochordata – Lancelets
- 4 traits
- burrowers
- filter feeders
II. Animal Diversity
C. Bilateria
2. Deuterostomes – blastopore forms anus
c. Chordata:
3. Vertebrata
II. Animal Diversity
C. Bilateria
2. Deuterostomes – blastopore forms anus
c. Chordata:
3. Vertebrata
- four traits
II. Animal Diversity
C. Bilateria
2. Deuterostomes – blastopore forms anus
c. Chordata:
3. Vertebrata
- four traits
- vertebral column
II. Animal Diversity
C. Bilateria
2. Deuterostomes – blastopore forms anus
c. Chordata:
3. Vertebrata
- four traits
- vertebral column
- trends:
II. Animal Diversity
C. Bilateria
2. Deuterostomes – blastopore forms anus
c. Chordata:
3. Vertebrata
- four traits
- vertebral column
- trends:
- increased locomotion
II. Animal Diversity
C. Bilateria
2. Deuterostomes – blastopore forms anus
c. Chordata:
3. Vertebrata
- four traits
- vertebral column
- trends:
- increased locomotion
- increased cephalization
II. Animal Diversity
C. Bilateria
2. Deuterostomes – blastopore forms anus
c. Chordata:
3. Vertebrata
- four traits
- vertebral column
- trends:
- increased locomotion
- increased cephalization
- adaptations to land
II. Animal Diversity
3. Vertebrata
a. Origin of Vertebrates
- filter feeding ancestor (lancelet-like)
- 550 mya - Pikaea
II. Animal Diversity
3. Vertebrata
a. Origin of Vertebrates
II. Animal Diversity
3. Vertebrata
b. Jawless Fishes – (Class: Agnatha)
- Early: Ostracoderms – filter feeding
II. Animal Diversity
3. Vertebrata
b. Jawless Fishes – (Class: Agnatha)
- Current: lampreys, hagfishes: parasitic
II. Animal Diversity
3. Vertebrata
c. Jawed Fishes
II. Animal Diversity
3. Vertebrata
c. Jawed Fishes
- gill arches
II. Animal Diversity
3. Vertebrata
c. Jawed Fishes
- gill arches
- evolved to jaws
II. Animal Diversity
3. Vertebrata
c. Jawed Fishes
- gill arches
- evolved to jaws
- increase feeding
II. Animal Diversity
3. Vertebrata
c. Jawed Fishes
- gill arches
- evolved to jaws
- increase feeding
- priority on
locomotion
II. Animal Diversity
3. Vertebrata
c. Jawed Fishes
- gill arches
- evolved to jaws
- increase feeding
- priority on
locomotion
- Cephalization
II. Animal Diversity
3. Vertebrata
c. Jawed Fishes
- Placoderms (extinct – survived to Permian)
dominant predators
paired appendages for swimming
II. Animal Diversity
3. Vertebrata
c. Jawed Fishes
- Placoderms (extinct – survived to Permian)
- Cartilaginous fish (Class: Chondrichthyes)
also efficient paired fins
- sharks
- skates, rays
- ratfish
II. Animal Diversity
3. Vertebrata
c. Jawed Fishes
- Placoderms (extinct – survived to Permian)
- Cartilaginous fish (Class: Chondrichthyes)
- Bony Fish (Class: Osteichthyes)
II. Animal Diversity
3. Vertebrata
c. Jawed Fishes
- Placoderms (extinct – survived to Permian)
- Cartilaginous fish (Class: Chondrichthyes)
- Bony Fish (Class: Osteichthyes)
- light bone skeleton
II. Animal Diversity
3. Vertebrata
c. Jawed Fishes
- Placoderms (extinct – survived to Permian)
- Cartilaginous fish (Class: Chondrichthyes)
- Bony Fish (Class: Osteichthyes)
- light bone skeleton
- air sac for respiration
II. Animal Diversity
3. Vertebrata
c. Jawed Fishes
- Placoderms (extinct – survived to Permian)
- Cartilaginous fish (Class: Chondrichthyes)
- Bony Fish (Class: Osteichthyes)
- light bone skeleton
- air sac for respiration
- in Ray-finned: swim bladder
(light, buoyant, fast)
- Bony Fish (Class: Osteichthyes)
- light bone skeleton
- air sac for respiration
- in Ray-finned: swim bladder
(light, buoyant, fast)
- in Lobe-finned and lungfish:
evolved jointed fins…
could support weight
on land, and breath with
air sac. (Devonian – 400my
II. Animal Diversity
3. Vertebrata
d. Amphibians
II. Animal Diversity
3. Vertebrata
d. Amphibians
- Evolved in Devonian (375 mya) - Lungfish
- fed on abundant terrestrial Arthropods
Ichthyostegids
II. Animal Diversity
3. Vertebrata
d. Amphibians
- Caecilians, Frogs and Toads, Salamanders
II. Animal Diversity
3. Vertebrata
d. Amphibians
- Caecilians, Frogs and Toads, Salamanders
- small lungs, respiratory skin must stay moist
II. Animal Diversity
3. Vertebrata
d. Amphibians
- Caecilians, Frogs and Toads, Salamanders
- small lungs, respiratory skin must stay moist
- eggs must stay moist
II. Animal Diversity
3. Vertebrata
e. Reptiles – evolved in Carboniferous (325 mya)
II. Animal Diversity
3. Vertebrata
e. Reptiles
- amniotic egg with shell
II. Animal Diversity
3. Vertebrata
e. Reptiles
- amniotic egg with shell
- kidney to produce concentrated urine
II. Animal Diversity
3. Vertebrata
e. Reptiles
- amniotic egg with shell
- kidney to produce concentrated urine
- scales to reduce water loss from skin
II. Animal Diversity
3. Vertebrata
f. Birds: evolved over 200 mya ago
II. Animal Diversity
3. Vertebrata
f. Birds
- feathers – homeothermy and flight
II. Animal Diversity
3. Vertebrata
f. Birds
- feathers – homeothermy and flight
- “one way” lung – more efficient
II. Animal Diversity
3. Vertebrata
g. Mammals:
II. Animal Diversity
3. Vertebrata
g. Mammals:
- evolved over 200 mya ago, too
(remember from what?)
II. Animal Diversity
3. Vertebrata
g. Mammals:
- evolved over 200 mya ago, too
- hair (homeothermy)
II. Animal Diversity
3. Vertebrata
g. Mammals:
- evolved over 200 mya ago, too
- hair (homeothermy)
- nurse young (increase survival of young)
II. Animal Diversity
3. Vertebrata
g. Mammals:
- evolved over 200 mya ago, too
- hair (homeothermy)
- nurse young (increase survival of young)
- Development:
lay eggs (Monotremes)
II. Animal Diversity
3. Vertebrata
g. Mammals:
- evolved over 200 mya ago, too
- hair (homeothermy)
- nurse young (increase survival of young)
- Development:
lay eggs (Monotremes)
embryo born, nursed (Marsupials)
II. Animal Diversity
3. Vertebrata
g. Mammals:
- evolved over 200 mya ago, too
- hair (homeothermy)
- nurse young (increase survival of young)
- Development:
lay eggs (Monotremes)
embryo born, nursed (Marsupials)
develop to independence (Placentals)