ANIONS

Nonmetals form anions

Name as the root of the elemental name, ending in –ide

Anion charges are determined from the element’s position on the periodic table

IONIC COMPOUNDS

To name an ionic compound name the cation, then name the anion

EX6-1 (of 30)

Group 17 (1-)

Group 16 (2-)

Group 15 (3-)

H (1-)

EX6-2 (of 30)

O2-

oxide

N3-

nitride

H-

hydride

EX6-3 (of 30)

CATIONS

Metals form cations

Name as the elemental name

Cation charges are determined from the element’s position on the periodic table

EX6-4 (of 30)

Group 1 (1+)

Group 2 (2+)

Group 11 (Ag+)

Group 12 (Zn2+, Cd2+)

Group 13 (Al3+, Ga3+, In3+)

EX6-5 (of 30)

Ca2+

calcium

K+

potassium

Al3+

aluminum

EX6-6 (of 30)

The name of an ionic compound only gives the information necessary to predict its correct formula, based upon equalizing the ion charges

calcium chloride

2+ 1-

CaCl2

sodium phosphide

1+ 3-

Na3P

barium nitride

2+ 3-

Ba3N2

manganese iodide

? 1-

EX6-7 (of 30)

Metals other than

Group 1 (1+), Group 2 (2+),Group 11 (Ag+), Group 12 (Zn2+, Cd2+), and Group 13 (Al3+, Ga3+, In3+)

can form multiple cations

EX6-8 (of 30)

Mn2+

Mn3+

Mn4+

Mn6+

Mn7+

manganese

manganese

manganese

manganese

manganese

(II)

(III)

(IV)

(VI)

(VII)

These metal cations must be named with the charge, written in parenthesis

EX6-9 (of 30)

manganese (II) iodide

2+ 1-

MnI2

manganese (IV) iodide

4+ 1-

MnI4

cobalt (III) sulfide

3+ 2-

Co2S3

uranium (VI) oxide

6+ 2-

UO3

iron oxide

? 2-

EX6-10 (of 30)

Name these ionic compounds :

AuI3

1-

gold (III) iodide

PbBr2

1-

lead (II) bromide

Cu2O

2-

copper (I) oxide

SrF2

strontium fluoride

K2O

potassium oxide

EX6-11 (of 30)

NAMING POLYATOMIC IONS

1) Cations that are polyatomic

NH4+

ammonium

UO22+

uranyl

Hg22+

mercury (I)

EX6-12 (of 30)

2) Anions that are polyatomic

Name polyatomic anions that contain oxygen as the root of the elemental name, ending in –ate or –ite

CO32-

carbonate

NO3-

nitrate

PO43-

phosphate

SO42-

sulfate

NO2-

nitrite

SO32-

sulfite

EX6-13 (of 30)

Some elements can make 4 oxyions

ClO4- perchlorate

ClO3- chlorate

ClO2- chlorite

ClO- hypochlorite

EX6-14 (of 30)

3 O’s

4 O’s

-ate ions

EX6-15 (of 30)

sodium bicarbonate

1+ 1-

NaHCO3

barium hydroxide

2+ 1-

Ba(OH)2

iron (III) nitrite

3+ 1-

Fe(NO2)3

Give the formulas of the following ionic compounds:

EX6-16 (of 30)

LiNO3

lithium nitrate

Co(CN)3

cobalt (III) cyanide

Name the following ionic compounds:

EX6-17 (of 30)

HYDRATES

Compounds with water molecules trapped in their crystals

Name ionic compound first, then a prefix for the number of waters, followed by -hydrate

1 mono2 di3 tri4 tetra5 penta

6 hexa7 hepta8 octa9 nona10 deca

EX6-18 (of 30)

HYDRATES

Compounds with water molecules trapped in their crystals

Name ionic compound first, then a prefix for the number of waters, followed by -hydrate

copper (II) chloride hexahydrate

CuCl2.6H2O

EX6-19 (of 30)

Fe(NO3)3.9H2O

iron (III) nitrate nonahydrate

COVALENT COMPOUNDS

BINARY COMPOUNDS

Name the 1st nonmetal as element name, using prefix if more than 1 atom

Name the 2nd nonmetal with –ide, always use a prefix

CO2

carbon dioxide

CO

carbon monoxide

N2O

dinitrogen monoxide

EX6-20 (of 30)

Base formulas on prefixes

Phosphorus triiodide

PI3

diarsenic pentasulfide

As2S5

EX6-21 (of 30)

NAMING ACIDS

Arrhenius Acid – A compound that loses hydrogen ions in solution

Arrhenius Base – A compound that loses hydroxide ions in solution

Out of water – named as an ionic compound

HCl (g)

hydrogen chloride

EX6-22 (of 30)

Anion in acid ends in –ide

hydro–root–ic acid

Anion in acid ends in –ate

root–ic acid

Anion in acid ends in –ite

root–ous acid

Dissolved in water – name based on the acid’s anion

HBr

hydrogen bromide

hydrobromic acid

EX6-23 (of 30)

Anion in acid ends in –ide

hydro–root–ic acid

Anion in acid ends in –ate

root–ic acid

Anion in acid ends in –ite

root–ous acid

Dissolved in water – name based on the acid’s anion

H2S

hydrogen sulfide

hydrosulfuric acid

EX6-24 (of 30)

Anion in acid ends in –ide

hydro–root–ic acid

Anion in acid ends in –ate

root–ic acid

Anion in acid ends in –ite

root–ous acid

Dissolved in water – name based on the acid’s anion

HNO3

hydrogen nitrate

nitric acid

EX6-25 (of 30)

Anion in acid ends in –ide

hydro–root–ic acid

Anion in acid ends in –ate

root–ic acid

Anion in acid ends in –ite

root–ous acid

Dissolved in water – name based on the acid’s anion

H2SO4

hydrogen sulfate

sulfuric acid

EX6-26 (of 30)

Anion in acid ends in –ide

hydro–root–ic acid

Anion in acid ends in –ate

root–ic acid

Anion in acid ends in –ite

root–ous acid

Dissolved in water – name based on the acid’s anion

H3PO3

hydrogen phosphite

phosphorous acid

EX6-27 (of 30)

Anion in acid ends in –ide

hydro–root–ic acid

Anion in acid ends in –ate

root–ic acid

Anion in acid ends in –ite

root–ous acid

FORMULAS OF ACIDS

hydrofluoric acid

hydrogen fluoride

HF

EX6-28 (of 30)

Anion in acid ends in –ide

hydro–root–ic acid

Anion in acid ends in –ate

root–ic acid

Anion in acid ends in –ite

root–ous acid

FORMULAS OF ACIDS

carbonic acid

hydrogen carbonate

H2CO3

EX6-29 (of 30)

Anion in acid ends in –ide

hydro–root–ic acid

Anion in acid ends in –ate

root–ic acid

Anion in acid ends in –ite

root–ous acid

FORMULAS OF ACIDS

nitrous acid

hydrogen nitrite

HNO2

EX6-30 (of 30)