annual report 2003 / 2004ansir.org.au/ar/annualreport2003-2004_ · report of the ansir management...

ANNUAL REPORT

2003 / 2004

ANNUAL REPORT

2003/2004

ANSIR Administration: Phone: +61 2 6125 4621 Fax: +61 2 6257 2737 ANSIR website: http://rses.anu.edu.au/seismology/ANSIR/ansir.html

ANSIR is a Major National Research Facility operated as a joint venture by

The Australian National University and Geoscience Australia

http://rses.anu.edu.au/seismology/ANSIR/ansir.html

TABLE OF CONTENTS REPORT OF THE ANSIR MANAGEMENT ADVISORY BOARD 1 ANSIR MISSION STATEMENT 4 DIRECTOR’S REPORT 5 THE ROLE OF ANSIR 8 CONTRIBUTION TO AUSTRALIAN INDUSTRY 11 INDICATORS AND MEASURES OF PERFORMANCE 12 ANSIR PROJECTS - current year and planned 14 ANSIR RESEARCH 23

Case Study One: ANSIR Project ANSIR Project 03-01R: Deep seismic profiling in the Gawler Craton: Crustal structure of the Olympic Dam region, SA, (L163), 2003. 24

Case Study Two: ANSIR Project 03-05T: Imaging of Active Faults in the Flinders Ranges, South Australia, for Neotectonic and Earthquake Hazard Studies 26

Case Study Three: ANSIR Project 03-15S: Local Seismicity and Neotectonics of Macquarie Island 29

Case Study Four: ANSIR Project 03-14R: Sons of Gwalia Seismic Survey (L165), WA, 2004 32

PERSONNEL ASSOCIATED WITH ANSIR PROJECTS IN 2003/2004 35 PUBLICATIONS 2003/2004 38 LIST OF ACRONYMS 43 ANSIR CONTACT DETAILS 44 APPENDIX 1: ANSIR SEISMIC EQUIPMENT 46

REPORT OF THE ANSIR MANAGEMENT ADVISORY BOARD The Australian National Seismic Imaging Resource (ANSIR) is a Major National Research Facility whose equipment is available to researchers on the basis of merit. ANSIR continues to play an important role in Australian Geoscience and links researchers both within Australia and internationally through a range of exciting projects. These projects involve industry, government and universities in a wide range of different styles of work. The work undertaken by ANSIR projects relates directly to the National Research Priorities announced by the Commonwealth Government in December 2002, under subsection 6 Developing Deep Earth Resources of “An Environmentally Sustainable Australia”

Smart high-technology exploration methodologies, including imaging and mapping the deep earth and ocean floors, and novel efficient ways of commodity extraction and processing (examples include minerals, oil and gas).

The development of seismic imaging through improved data acquisition and interpretation methods is a key goal for the ANSIR Facility. The significant role played by ANSIR is recognized in the National Strategic Plan for the Geosciences prepared by the National Committee for Earth Sciences released by the Australian Academy of Science in October 2003. The Facility operates through close cooperation between the owners: The Australian National University and Geoscience Australia. Since July 2002, the full assets of ANSIR have been owned by The Australian National University. Experiments using the sets of portable equipment are supported directly by ANU, but the organization and execution of reflection profiles depends heavily on support from Geoscience Australia, especially through the Executive Officer (Mr T. Barton). This has been a busy year for reflection work, but the weather has not always been cooperative and heavy rain has made scheduling difficult. Major surveys have been carried out in the Gawler Craton of South Australia and across the Curnamona Province, linking to an earlier profile in the Broken Hill region of NSW. A number of shorter profiles were made in the Darling Basin (NSW) in support of assessment of petroleum assets. Following the successful mine-scale work in 2002/2003 a consortium of four mining companies in the goldfields of Western Australia organized a number of mine-scale profiles directed at a range of targets. The introduction of reflection work in such hard-rock environments is a pleasing consequence of ANSIR activity. The ANSIR reflection profile in the Batten Trough (NT) in October 2002 has had a major influence on the re-interpretation of structure in this region. The high quality images demonstrate that the region is not actually a “trough”, but is connected to a major thrust sheet complex. These results will have major implications for future exploration strategies in this area.

ANSIR Annual Report 2003/2004 1

All the ANSIR stock of broad-band instrumentation has been in the field during 2003-2004. A dense network of stations has been deployed in the northern Flinders ranges to image the network of active faults and improve knowledge of Australian neotectonics. These instruments lie within the southern part of the “Tasman Line” array and the two data sets with have useful complementarity. The four recorders used for infill studies of crustal structure in the Western Yilgarn Craton have now been moved to the Gawler Craton to improve resolution and provide ties to the reflection work. The Board has endorsed the continuation of the ANSIR Facility beyond the end of the contract period with the Commonwealth that expires at the end of June 2005. The owners, The Australian National University and Geoscience Australia, expect to produce detailed plans for future operations by March 2005.

Professor John Lovering AO, FAA, FTSE Chairman, Management Advisory Board July 2004


TABLE 1: ANSIR Management Advisory Board Members, 2003/2004

Prof . John Lovering Board Chairman

Prof. Mark Harrison Director, Research School of Earth Sciences, ANU. Representing ANU.

Dr Neil Williams

Dr Chris Pigram

Chief Executive Officer, GA.

Chief, Minerals Division, GA.

Representing Geoscience Australia as delegate of CEO.

Alternate Geoscience Australia representative.

Prof. Brian Kennett ANSIR Director, ANU.

Prof. Lawrence Cram Australian Research Council Programme Manager for the Physical and Earth Sciences.

Representing University Research through the Australian Research Council until January 2004.

Prof. Erich Weigold Australian Research Council Executive Director, Physics, Chemistry and Geoscience.

Representing University Research through the Australian Research Council from February 2004.

Dr Dennis Gee

CEO Cooperative Research Centre for Landscape Environments and Mineral Exploration (CRCLEME).

Representing the CRC Program.

Dr Bruce Hobbs CSIRO Exploration and Mining. Co-opted member.

Tom Eadie Chairman and Managing Director of Copper Strike Limited.

Representing the Mining Industry through the Minerals Council of Australia.

Emeritus Prof. David .H. Green

Research School of Earth Sciences, ANU.

Representing the Commonwealth.

Prof. Stewart Greenhalgh Professor of Geophysics, The University of Adelaide. Co-opted member.

Dr Ted Tyne Director Mineral Survey, Mineral Resources NSW.

Representing State and Territory Geological Surveys.


ANSIR MISSION STATEMENT To place Australia amongst the world leaders in research into the sub-surface structure and composition of the Earth. Our Objectives: 1. Establish and maintain a Major National Research Facility (MNRF) as the basis for excellence in the

field of Seismic Imaging of the Earth by providing national leadership, international visibility and collaboration in community service through the use and operation of world class facilities for seismological research.

2. Promote the Facility and its role widely with the aim of

• encouraging use of the Facility; and • promoting the MNRF Program.

3. Seek opportunities to enhance the Facility. 4. Manage our Intellectual Property in such a manner as to ensure that the maximum benefit accrues to

Australia, including Australian industry, the Australian environment and the Australian economy generally.

The Major National Research Facilities Program: “The objective of the MNRF program is to facilitate the establishment of major national research facilities required for Australia to maintain and enhance its international scientific, industrial and social competitiveness over the next decade. The program optimises interaction and collaboration with major international research endeavours with the aim of increasing Australia’s international competitiveness. Access arrangements by Australian researchers to overseas facilities and multinational consortia are also included in the program. A national facility should engender a sense of national purpose, public pride and community understanding of the role of science and technology.”

Commonwealth Department of Industry, Science & Resources, August, 1999


DIRECTOR’S REPORT Structure and Management ANSIR is an unincorporated joint venture of The Australian National University (ANU) and Geoscience Australia (GA). The Director of the Research School of Earth Sciences at ANU and the Chief Executive Officer of GA are advised on the broad management directions of ANSIR by the Management Advisory Board, whose membership is listed in Table 1 (page 3). The Board met twice in 2003/2004 (16th October 2003 and 20th May 2004). Some issues were dealt with by circulation of material via e-mail. Since July 2002, all the equipment assets are owned by The Australian National University, which also acts as the Financial Agent for the Facility. Professor Brian Kennett (ANU) is Director, supported from Geoscience Australia by the Deputy Director (Dr Bruce Goleby) and Executive Officer (Mr Tim Barton) who provide the main interaction with users of the reflection profiling equipment. The operation of the facilities is supported by the owners. A modest mobilisation fee is charged for the use of the portable equipment, with deployment costs the responsibility of the user. Whereas for the reflection equipment the full cost of the profiling needs to be provided to ANSIR who then engage the commercial Facilities Manager, Terrex Seismic Pty. Ltd. (formerly Trace Energy Services Pty. Ltd.) to undertake the survey. The portable short-period and broad-band recorders housed at RSES are supervised by Mr Stefan Sirotjuk (Assistant Operations Manager) with support from Mr Tony Percival. RSES staff have both prepared equipment for field use and provided training (sometimes in-field). Two calls for research proposals have been made by ANSIR this year, with proposals to be received in February and August. Advertisements were placed in The Australian Geologist (Geological Society of Australia), Preview (Australian Society of Exploration Geophysicists), and AusGeo News. These advertisements have the useful additional function of providing exposure for the activities of the Facility. Proposals are vetted by the Access Committee that advises the Director of the scientific merit of the proposal. The Director then prepares a work plan for the coming year that is approved by the Management Advisory Board. The Director, Deputy Director and Executive Officer provide help and support to proponents in the development of proposals, particularly with regard to equipment needs for the proposed projects. In 2003/2004 all submitted proposals were considered to be worthy of support, but some have yet to secure sufficient financial resources to enable the project to be scheduled.

TABLE 2: Appointments to Key ANSIR Positions, 2003/2004

Prof. Brian L N Kennett ANU ANSIR Director

Dr Bruce Goleby GA ANSIR Deputy Director

Mr Tim Barton GA Executive Officer

Mrs Mary McDonald ANU Finance Officer

Mr Steven Sirotjuk ANU Assistant Operations Manager


TABLE 3: ANSIR Access Committee, 2003/2004

Dr Bruce Goleby GA, ANSIR Deputy Director Access Committee Chairman

Prof. Brian Kennett ANSIR Director

A/Prof. Mike Dentith University of Western Australia

Prof. Mike Hall Monash University

Dr Michael Roach University of Tasmania

Equipment A summary of the equipment that can currently be accessed through ANSIR is provided in Appendix 1. Most of the equipment is based in Australia, but the Management Advisory Board agreed to allow a number of portable broad-band stations to be permanently based in Antarctica to allow full year deployment with a consequent reduction in the complexity of logisitics and transport costs. Now that all the ANSIR assets are housed at ANU, the sets of broad-band and short-period equipment formerly operated by RSES have been merged into the ANSIR pool and thus a substantially larger number of recorders are available for projects. Although ANSIR has a significant number of portable instruments, much of the stock is ageing and has been heavily used. Discussions with a number of University groups have identified the benefits of having both seismic and electromagnetic recording capability to provide additional information on lithospheric structure. An application has therefore been made to the LIEF infrastructure program of the Australian Research Council for enhanced equipment for earth sounding by a consortium led by the Director from ANU with Adelaide, Monash, Macquarie, UWA and Victoria University, Wellington (NZ). The results of this application will be known later in the year. If the bid is successful, the equipment will be administered through ANSIR with priority access to members of the consortium. Leadership Activities The Director completed his term as President of the International Association of Seismology and Physics of the Earth’s Interior in July 2003 and continues as a member of the Executive Committee as Past-President until 2007. He continues to maintain links with a number of international initiatives, in particular the development of seismological studies in Antarctica in the context of the forthcoming International Polar Year. The Director and Deputy Director held an information session during the Geological Society of Australia’s 17th AGC Conference in Hobart between the 9th and 13th February 2004. The information session was held bask-to-back with the annual meeting of the GSA’s Specialist Group in Solid Earth Geophysics (SG2). The Director and Deputy Director took the opportunity to address solid earth geophysicists on the current status of ANSIR and its plans for the future. It was pleasing to note that there was a general consensus on the need to improve Australia’s ability to image deeper structure (beyond spade depth). The assembled also took the opportunity to discuss ways to make greater use of the National Facility, through collaboration and applying for funds for big multidisciplinary projects that are currently beyond an individual or their department.


Facility Promotion ANSIR’s promotional strategy continued with a number of components targeting not only the scientific community in the Earth sciences, but also the broader general community.

ANSIR places advertisements twice yearly calling for research proposals in Preview, the newsletter of the Australian Society of Exploration Geophysicists, The Australian Geologist (Geological Society of Australia) and AusGeo News, GA’s newsletter. ANSIR also submits articles to these and other publications that are designed to keep ANSIR in the minds of the research community. These newsletters reach the majority of scientists in the research and industry sectors in Australia, and many overseas scientists.

Newsletter articles are a passive form of promotion. Active promotion through personal contacts is also important for reaching the scientific community. The Director, Deputy Director and the Executive Officer undertake direct promotion at a national and international level.

This year ANSIR was represented at the following meetings and conferences: • The International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG) General Assembly Meeting in Sapporo

Japan in June-July 2003 (Director ). • Keynote Address by the Director at the Goldschmidt Conference of the Geochemical Society in

Kurashiki, Japan in September 2003 • The Australian Geological Convention in Hobart in February 2004 (Director, Deputy Director). The Geological Society of Australia has accepted an offer from ANSIR for lectures on “Imaging the Earth” to be given by the Director and/or Deputy Director to State Branches later in the year. This will from part of the initiatives for enhancing the profile of the Facility recommended in the Strategic Plan for the Geosciences.

Researchers are also asked to acknowledge ANSIR’s role in their research when presenting their results at conferences and in formal publications. Users of the facility who undertake approved projects are also requested to submit annual returns on their work. This provides ANSIR with a quantitative measure on the impact of the facility and also provides an indication as to where the facility is being promoted.

Articles about ANSIR projects also appeared in AusGeo News this year. Featured articles were about ANSIR’s seismic reflection imaging activities in the Gawler Craton and Curnamona Province undertaken in 2003 and results from the 2002 Batten Trough survey in the NT. Articles in regional newspapers appeared during survey activities for the Darling Basin and Gawler surveys in 2003-04.

ANSIR also promotes itself through the supply to clients of it legacy seismic reflection data. In 2003/2004 seismic and ancillary data from around twenty surveys was supplied to a diverse client base both nationally and internationally that included researchers, students, explorers, consultants and State government geological surveys The ANSIR web page ( http://rses.anu.edu.au/seismology/ANSIR/ansir.html ) continues to be an important communication tool for researchers wishing to contact ANSIR.



THE ROLE OF ANSIR The Australian National Seismic Imaging Resource (ANSIR) is a Major National Research Facility that was established in June 1997 with a capital grant from the Commonwealth Government. ANSIR is a joint venture between the Research School of Earth Sciences of The Australian National University and Geoscience Australia (formerly the Australian Geological Survey Organisation (AGSO)). ANSIR seeks to strengthen research and education in the Earth Sciences in Australia, and to provide a national focus and leadership through its work in Seismic Imaging, which helps to foster collaboration between individual scientists, between institutions and across sectors. ANSIR provides equipment and training for seismic imaging experiments. The staff of the facility provide help to researchers with the design and implementation of experiments and facilitate data processing and interpretation when required. The Director and Deputy Director maintain active research programs at ANU and GA and are thereby able to provide their experience to prospective applicants for use of the facility. ANSIR has established a pool of equipment capable of imaging the Earth’s interior at a variety of scales using different styles of seismic techniques. ANSIR’s equipment is portable and can be moved to any part of the Australian Continent. Components of the equipment have been used overseas in international collaborative experiments. The ANSIR equipment can record energy from many types of sources, including earthquakes, explosions and truck-mounted vibrators; it can operate in a wide range of environments, including the remote hot and dusty conditions of the Australian outback, the humid tropics of the north and the freezing conditions of Antarctica. The resources of ANSIR are available to all researchers. The scientific merit of the proposed research is the main criterion used to determine priority for access, but researchers have to be able to cover the operating costs for their projects. ANSIR activities during 2003/2004

• ANSIR now coordinates all activities from ANU (as Financial Agent), support of reflection profiling is provided primarily from Geoscience Australia.

• ANSIR has supported scientific research through regional reflection profiles, mine-scale

investigations, and several projects using the portable equipment in Australia.

• ANSIR has assisted industry by facilitating a set of mine-scale studies which individually were not commercially viable.

• ANSIR continues to make a significant contribution to studies in Antarctica with deployments of

broad-band seismometers in the Lambert Graben region and work on the Amery Ice Shelf.

• ANSIR at Geoscience Australia maintains legacy seismic reflection and refraction data acquired over the last 50 years by GA and its predecessors. As custodian of these data sets ANSIR supplies these to researchers, government agencies and companies on request.



ANSIR Talks

Public Relations


Publicity Articles

CONTRIBUTION TO AUSTRALIAN INDUSTRY The interaction of ANSIR with industry is dominated by the resource and energy sectors, and occurs in a number of different ways. Industry personnel are able to propose specific research topics for ANSIR work, they can also be involved in the planning of projects and the interpretation of results. Companies have also provided funding and other in-kind support for different aspects of ANSIR related fieldwork. Involvement in ANSIR Management The ANSIR Board has a representative nominated by the Minerals Council of Australia (MCA) who is able to provide a strategic overview of ANSIR sponsored research and the opportunities it creates for industry. Direct involvement In early 2004, a set of short reflection profiles at prospect and mine scale were carried out in the eastern Goldfields of Western Australia on behalf of a group of mining companies organised as a MERIWA project. Processing of this data is being carried out by the Department of Exploration Geophysics at Curtin University. Indirect Involvement The main form of industry interactions with ANSIR activities come through input to the planning of research projects to provide pre-competitive information to the resource and energy sectors. Regional profiles supported by Geoscience Australia and the State and Northern Territory Geological Survey (NTGS), include industry input in the identification of targets and the results are actively made known to the industry. A further source of industry input to ANSIR activities is through the Cooperative Research Centres (CRC’s), which have industry participants in their formal management and planning structures. The Cooperative Research Centres interact with ANSIR directly through direct involvement in projects as with the pmd*CRC and also through a representative of the CRC program on the ANSIR Board. Communication with Industry The notices for ANSIR Calls for Proposals are placed in Preview (the newsletter of the Australian Society of Exploration Geophysicists), The Australian Geologist and AusGeo News whose readership covers a broad spectrum of workers in the resource and energy industries. ANSIR also promotes its work through presentations at appropriate meetings with large industrial participation. The Minerals Council of Australia has a representative on the ANSIR Management Advisory Board.


INDICATORS AND MEASURES OF PERFORMANCE A set of Indicators and Measure of Performance are set out in the agreements with the Commonwealth for the establishment of the Facility signed by The Australian National University and the Australian Geological Survey Organisation (now Geoscience Australia). It was envisaged that not all indicators would be appropriate in each year, but that all would be achieved over the lifetime of the Facility. Table 4 summarises the Performance indicators and the progress made in 2003/2004

TABLE 4: ANSIR Indicators and Measures of Performance for 2003/2004

PERFORMANCE INDICATOR

ACHIEVED 03/04

COMMENTS

Progress Achieved All elements of ANSIR equipment were in use during the year, with regional reflection profiling in SA, NSW. Minivibrator work included mapping buried faults of neotectonic significance. ANSIR experiments with portable equipment included stations in all mainland states and the NT, with a concentration in South Australia. The stations in the Lambert Graben area of the Australian Antarctic Territory achieved good data return.

Advances to knowledge, education, training, and social and economic development

ANSIR supported projects have continued to provide new insights into the structure of the Australian region both in the crust and the mantle beneath. Reflection profiles have contributed to radical changes in the structural models for mineral provinces. ANSIR support of industry research at the prospect scale has established reflection profiling a tool for understanding and exploiting ore bodies.

Facility Promotion ANSIR made two calls for research proposals, with wide publicity, in August and February. ANSIR research has been prominently presented at major international meetings and the Director is a member of significant International Committees in Seismology. The web page is kept regularly updated to reflect the experiment schedule. All Annual Reports are available in PDF format Results from ANSIR related work have been published in a variety of national and international journals.


TABLE 4 (cont.): ANSIR Indicators and Measures of Performance for 2003/2004

PERFORMANCE INDICATOR

ACHIEVED 03/04

COMMENTS

Contributions to enhancing Australia’s prestige

ANSIR continues to support major innovative research including the continuing large-scale deployment in Antarctica, and the Flinders range experiment to image active faults

Contribution to research linkages

Many of the projects supported by ANSIR involve collaboration between institutions and research groups, including participants from different sectors.

Contribution to Australian industry

A set of prospect scale surveys for a number of mining companies have been carried out in the goldfields of Western Australia.

Enhancing the Facility ANSIR has promoted efforts to secure replacement of ageing equipment and provide enhanced capabilities in seismic and electromagnetic recording

Promoting the objectives of the MNRF program

The National Committee for the Earth Sciences has produced a Strategic Plan for the Geosciences with a strong emphasis on the value of ANSIR activities. ANSIR emphasis that its projects contribute to the economic, environmental and social well-being of Australians.


ANSIR PROJECTS – current year and planned Table 5 shows the use of ANSIR equipment for the year from July 2003. Further details for these projects is provided in Table 6. The distribution of these experiments is indicated in Figure 1. Elliptical outlines indicate the approximate areal extent of large-scale broad band deployments undertaken for tomography studies. For several studies equipment sites are shown Table 7 shows ANSIR Access Committee approved projects scheduled for 2004/2005 as at 30 June 2004. The demand for the broad-band equipment in the Facility has grown rapidly and in 2003/2004 all of this equipment was in use on approved projects.

Figure 1: ANSIR 2003/2004 project sites within Australia and Antarctica.


Table 5: ANSIR experiments in 2003/2004

Proponent Institution Location Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun

Benshemesh 01-01R

Monash University

Central Australia, NT

G32 G32 G32 G32 G32 G32 G32 G32 G32 G32 G32 G32

Reading, Kennett 02-00T

ANU, RSES

Antarctica A7 A7 A7 A7 A7 A7 A7 A7 A7 A7 A7 A7

Goleby 02-02T

GA, pmd*CRC

Yilgarn, WA B4 B4 B4 B4 B4 B4 B4 B4 B4

Kennett 02-05T

ANU, RSES

Tasman Line, NSW, NT, Qld, SA, Vic

B20 B20 B20 B20 B20 B20 B20 B20 B20 B20 B24 B24

Holzapfel 02-07R (L162)

University of Canberra

West Wyalong, NSW

mvG

Skirrow 03-01R (L163)

GA Gawler Craton, SA VR VR

Heithersay 03-02R (L164)

PIRSA / pmd*CRC

Curnamona Province, SA

VR

Collins 03-04R (L169)

GA Echuca, NSW mvG

Cummins 03-05T GA Flinders

Ranges, SA B8 B8 B8 B8 B8 B8 B8 B8 B8 B8 B8 B8

Asten 03-10T

Monash University

Melbourne, Vic M8 M8 M8 M8

Stolz 03-12R (L168)

St Ives Gold Mine

Kambalda, WA mvVR

Massey 03-13R (L166)

Placer Dome

Kanowna Belle, Lancefield, Granny Smith, Mt Morgans, WA

mvVR mvVR mvVR

Jackson 03-14R (L165)

Sons of Gwalia

Leonora, Tarmoola, WA

mvVR

Roach 03-15S

University of Tasmania

Macquarie Island, Antarctica

S6 S6 S6 S6

Cooney 04-01R (L170)

NSWDMR Darling Basin, NSW

VR

Cook 04-02R (L167)

AngloGold Sunrise Dam, WA mvVR

Dentith 04-07T

University of Western Australia

Western Australia S25 S25 S25 S25 S25 S25 S25 S25 S25 S25 S25 S25

Urosevic 04-08R

Curtin University

Kanowna Belle, WA 3C G

Coleman 03-16R

University of Tasmania

Amery Ice Shelf, Antarctica

G48 G48 G48 G48 G48 G48

Key:

S - Short period instruments (+number); B – Broad band instruments (+number); A - Broad band instruments in Antarctica (+number); R – Reflection recording system; V – Vibrators; mv – minivibrator; G – Geophone strings (+number); 3C – 3 component geophones ; M – Seismometers (+number).


Table 6: Projects undertaken in 2003/2004

PROJECT TITLE PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR

OBJECTIVE

01-01R: Conservation ecology of Itjaritjari (Southern Marsupial Mole Notoryctes typhlops) in central Australia.

Dr Joe Benshemesh, Monash University.

To detect Itjaritjari (marsupial mole) underground and track their movements using seismic sensors; describe the activity budget of Itjariitjari; compile an inventory of animal sounds/vibrations underground; relate the movements of Itjariitjari to the distribution and abundance of their foods.

This is a continuing project from 2002/2003.

02-00T: The deep seismic structure of East Antarctica.

Dr A.M. Reading, ANU. Deployment of broad band seismic instruments at Davis Station and Beaver Lake. Recorded seismic events will allow the first determinations of deep crustal and mantle structure in this part of East Antarctica.

This is a continuing project from 2002/2003 and an extension of project 00-14T.

02-02T: Analysis of deep crust and upper mantle velocity variations in the Kalgoorlie Region of the Eastern Goldfields using Tomographic and Receiver Function Analysis – Phases 1 & 2.

Dr Bruce Goleby, GA. Determine the crustal – upper mantle velocity structure (receiver function analysis) in geologically different crustal blocks within the Kalgoorlie region of the Eastern Goldfields Province. Investigate the crustal Vp and Vs velocity structure from refracted wave arrivals using mine blasts, and distant earthquakes.


02-05T: Tracing the Craton Edge – Tasman Line and Central Line.

Prof. Brian Kennett, ANU. Investigation of structure in along the length of the Tasman Line. Examination of structure in the “mobile belt “ in eastern Central Australia between the northern and southern cratons and the link to the craton edge to the east.


02-07R: High-resolution seismic surveying of near-surface palaeochannels within the Booberoi-Quandialla Transect and implications for dryland salinity.

Survey L162

Michael Holzapfel. Masters Student, University of Canberra.

Image near surface palaeochannels that may influence shallow fluid flow. Improve the understanding of depth to fresh bedrock to enable comparison of these data with previous models for the Bland Catchment area.


Table 6 (cont.): Projects undertaken in 2003/2004

03-01R: Deep seismic profiling in the Gawler Craton: Crustal structure of the Olympic Dam region.

Survey L163

Roger G. Skirrow, Minerals, GA.

Image the deep crustal structure of Palaeo- and Mesoproterozoic basement near the Olympic Dam Cu-Au-U deposit, to define tectonic controls on Cu-Au mineralisation. Determine the geometry and geodynamic significance of the Torrens Hinge Zone at the eastern margin of the Gawler Craton, with a view to ultimately understanding the relationship with the Curnamona Province.

03-02R: Seismic imaging of the Meso-palaeoproterozoic basement architecture, Curnamona region, SA.

Survey L164

Paul Heithersay, Office of Minerals, Energy and Petroleum, PIRSA.

Determine the depth, geometry and distribution of the Meso-Proterozoic basement, and unconformably overlying Neoproterozoic, Cambrian, Mesozoic and Tertiary sediments. Determine the geometry, extent at depth and crustal significance of major structures.

03-04R: High-resolution seismic imaging of recent faulting and sedimentary structures in the Echuca region for earthquake hazard assessment.

Survey L169

Clive Collins, Project Manager, Earthquake Hazards and Neotectonics Project, GA.

Image faults and shallow sedimentary structures associated with the uplift of the Cadell Tilt Block, northern Victoria, using high-resolution seismic reflection and refraction profiling. Use these results to assess the magnitudes and recurrence intervals for palaeo-earthquake events in this tectonically active area and so improve estimates of earthquake hazard in the region.

03-05T: Imaging of Active Faults in the Flinders Ranges, South Australia, for Neotectonic and Earthquake Hazard Studies.

Dr. Phil R. Cummins, Geohazards, GA.

Image active faults in the Flinders Ranges through high-precision earthquake hypocentre determinations and investigate their focal mechanisms. Obtain improved estimates of seismic velocity structure and empirical travel times to calibrate existing networks and improve accuracy of seismicity catalogs.

03-10T: Passive seismic methods using microtremors for geotechnical engineering site studies.

Dr Michael Asten, School of Geosciences, Monash University.

Develop a passive seismic method of use in geotechnical engineering site studies, especially over thicknesses of soils/sands up to 100 m thick. Develop a similar or a variant technique for mapping the line of oxidation and existence of buried paleochannels at the stage of pre-mine investigations for prospective open-cut collieries.



03-12R: St Ives Seismic Lines

Survey L168

Dr Edward Stolz, St Ives Gold Mines Pty. Ltd.

The St Ives seismic lines completed by ANSIR in September 2002 have provided very useful. This project seeks to build on this success, and confirm the utility of seismic reflection for gold exploration by imaging major known and postulated structures, and defining their structural relationship. Resolving the structural architecture in the area could facilitate a leap in conceptual thinking about the St Ives tectonic stratigraphy, and the genesis of gold ore bodies.

03-13R & XTN03-13R: Wallaby, Kanowna Belle, Lancefield, Mt Morgan and Granny Smith Seismic Investigation

Survey L166

Greg Hall, Placer Dome Group.

Undertake as series of high resolution seismic lines over a number of minesites and deposits. Several of the survey lines are near or co-incident to previously acquired regional lines undertaken by ANSIR in 1999 and 2001. The objectives of these investigations is to improve the resolution reflection sections in the top 2 seconds of data. In the course of this work Curtin University will develop processing methods to produce high quality results in the hardrock environment to a depth of 3km.

03-14R: Sons of Gwalia and Tarmoola Seismic Investigation.

Survey L165

John Jackson, Sons of Gwalia Pty. Ltd.

This project applies high resolution seismic reflection techniques in the hardrock gold mine environments of the Sons of Gwalia and Tarmoola. The project’s aims are to image stratigraphic units and structures to assist in creating a geological/structural framework for the areas. This will lead to an improved understanding on the genesis of the mineralisation and determining whether the alteration systems associated with the gold mineralisation can be imaged using seismic reflection. The 2001 Geoscience Australia regional Leonora-Laverton seismic traverse passes immediately south of the Sons of Gwalia Mine which in this area will be repeated with higher resolution enabling the results at Sons of Gwalia to be tied in with the regional traverse data.

03-15S: Macquarie Island Seismic investigations.

Dr Michael Roach, University of Tasmania.

In conjunction with the GA seismic station at the main base additional seismic stations are aimed at the location of local seismic events in the context of the geology and geomorphology. Macquarie Island has very active tectonics with a number of clear modern fault scarps, some of which displace penguin walkways. The principle objective of this project is to identify the fault systems that are currently active. This will allow an interpretation of the detailed pattern of events in the context of proposed Macquarie Island tectonic models.



03-16R: Amery Ice Shelf thickness investigation.

Prof. Richard Coleman, University of Tasmania.

Investigate the ice shelf thickness and underlying water column thickness at a number of locations on the Amery Ice Shelf using controlled source seismic techniques and a portable recording system.

04-01R: Darling Basin Seismic Survey.

Survey L170

Phillip Cooney, NSWDMR. A seismic survey in the Ivanhoe – Wilcannia area of of NSW within the Darling Basin NSW. The objective of the survey is to continue the evaluation of the geology of the sedimentary sequences of this basin and assess the ages, thickness and continuity of the formations, structural style and tectonic history. This information will be used to model the evolution of the basin and the maturity of the sediments within the various sub-basins.

04-02R: Sunrise Dam Seismic Investigation.

Survey L167

Jeremy Cook, AngloGold. During 2001 approximately 21km of seismic reflection data were collected by ANSIR as part of collaborative effort overseen by Geoscience Australia. Reprocessing of these data to improve the resolution of near surface reflections resulted in significant enhancement of near surface stratigraphy / structures. The aims of this survey are to acquire seismic reflection data with higher horizontal resolution and higher frequency along the same horizon as that surveyed in 2001. This will assist in the assessment of the suitability of high resolution 2D seismic reflection for imaging stratigraphy / structures on the mine scale.

04-08R: Feasibility of seismic methods for exploration of gold deposits in Western Australia.

Milovan Urosevic, Curtin University of Technology, WA.

Investigate the use and applicability of P-wave and shear waves for structural definition and stratigraphic analysis in a hard rock environment. This is one of the objectives of the MERIWA grant project M-363.

2003/2004 Trial Experiments

Otway Basin, Victoria. Steve Tobin, Trace Energy

Services Pty. Ltd. Interface Paystar truck mounted Litton LRS-315 vibrators with ANSIR ARAM24 system to improve acquisition system capabilities.


Table 7: Continuing and scheduled projects for 2004/2005 (as at June 30, 2004)

PROJECT TITLE PRINCIPAL

INVESTIGATOR OBJECTIVE

01-01R: Conservation ecology of Itjaritjari (Southern Marsupial Mole Notoryctes typhlops) in central Australia.

Dr Joe Benshemesh, Monash University.

To detect Itjaritjari (marsupial mole) underground and track their movements using seismic sensors; describe the activity budget of Itjariitjari; compile an inventory of animal sounds/vibrations underground; relate the movements of Itjariitjari to the distribution and abundance of their foods.


02-00T: The deep seismic structure of East Antarctica.

Dr A.M. Reading, ANU. Deployment of broad band seismic instruments at Davis Station and Beaver Lake. Recorded seismic events will allow the first determinations of deep crustal and mantle structure in this part of East Antarctica.


02-05T: Tracing the Craton Edge – Tasman Line and Central Line.

Prof. Brian Kennett, ANU. Investigation of structure in along the length of the Tasman Line. Examination of structure in the "mobile belt" in eastern Central Australia between the northern and southern cratons and the link to the craton edge to the east.


03-02R: Seismic imaging of the Meso-palaeoproterozoic basement architecture, Curnamona region, SA.

Survey L164


Determine the depth, geometry and distribution of the Meso-Proterozoic basement, and unconformably overlying Neoproterozoic, Cambrian, Mesozoic and Tertiary sediments. Determine the geometry, extent at depth and crustal significance of major structures.

This is a continuing project from 2003/2004 that was abandoned due to wet weather in 2003.

03-05T: Imaging of Active Faults in the Flinders Ranges, South Australia, for Neotectonic and Earthquake Hazard Studies.

Dr. Phil R. Cummins, Geohazards, GA.

Image active faults in the Flinders Ranges through high-precision earthquake hypocentre determinations and investigate their focal mechanisms. Obtain improved estimates of seismic velocity structure and empirical travel times to calibrate existing networks and improve accuracy of seismicity catalogs.



Table 7 (cont.): Continuing and scheduled projects for 2004/2005 (as at June 30, 2004)

03-15S: Macquarie Island seismic studies.

Dr Michael Roach, University of Tasmania.

In conjunction with the GA seismic station at the main base additional seismic stations are aimed at the location of local seismic events in the context of the geology and geomorphology. Macquarie Island has very active tectonics with a number of clear modern fault scarps, some of which displace penguin walkways. The principle objective of this project is to identify the fault systems that are currently active. This will allow an interpretation of the detailed in the context of proposed Macquarie Island pattern of events tectonic models.


04-03R: Tanami Seismic project, WA & NT.

David Huston, Project Leader, North Australia Project, GA.

The Tanami region of the Northern Territory is a major Australian gold province and contains the world class Callie gold deposit. Shallow cover sediments largely obscure basement host rocks, so the application of geophysical techniques has become an important mapping tool for explorers in the region. Acquisition of seismic data along four lines are proposed and will test our understanding of the 3D architecture by targeting a number of key structures and granitic bodies, some of which are related to mineralisation.

04-04R: Seismic imaging of the Mesoproterozoic basement architecture, Musgrave Province, SA.


Link two pre-existing seismic sections to the north and south of the Musgrave province and provide a continuous picture across the area. Determine the orientation, extent at depth and crustal importance of major structures seen at surface in the Musgrave Province.

04-05R: Seismic imaging of the Meso-palaeoproterozoic basement architecture, Gawler Craton region, SA.


Determine the geometry, extent at depth and crustal significance of major structures separating the Olympic, Spencer, Cleve, Coulta, Nuyts and Fowler Domains of the Gawler Craton.

04-06R: Seismic imaging of the Palaeo- to Mesoproterozoic basement architecture, Curnamona Province and Gawler Craton regions, SA.


Determine which structures controlled the original sedimentary basin geometry and changes in sedimentary facies across the region This project will continue the seismic section westward from the present Curnamona Province transects, with the view of eventual east-west continuation across the Gawler Craton.


Table 7 (cont.): Continuing and scheduled projects for 2004/2005 (as at June 30, 2004)

04-07T: Seismic refraction experiments in the SW of Western Australia using mine-blast sources: a feasibility study.

A/Prof. Mike Dentith, University of Western Australia.

Record mine blasts in the SW of Western Australia to map variations in seismic velocity within the crust and upper mantle. Specific targets include a high velocity zone in the lower crust SW of Corrigin and a NW-SE trending crustal-scale terrane boundary / suture zone.

This is a continuing project from 2002/2003 and an an extension of projects 01-07T & XTN01-07T.

04-09R: Mt Pleasant & Kundana Seismic reflection Investigation.

Greg Hall, Placer Dome Group.

Image geological structure associated with the Mt Pleasant Dome and the gold deposits of it’s southern limb. Geological targets of interest include the dip of the granite – mafic contact, the thickness of the overlying mafic sequence and the thickness of the Black flag sediments that overly the mafic sequences. It is hoped seismic reflection may directly image fault structures that could host a gold deposit.

The Kundana Seismic Survey aims to image the Zuleika shear zone and the Kurrawang syncline.


ANSIR RESEARCH The case studies presented here demonstrate the range of activities being undertaken with the resources provided by ANSIR. To illustrate the types of activities undertaken by the facility in 2003/2004 the following case studies are presented. Figure 2 shows the locations of these which indicate the national and international spread of ANSIR activities. Case study 1 is a regional seismic reflection survey undertaken in the Gawler Craton – Olympic Dam region of South Australia. This project was undertaken for the GA Minerals Division Regional Gawler Project. Approximately 250 km of deep seismic data was acquired for this project in July and August 2003. Case study 2 represents the use of broad-band instruments from the portable instrument component of ANSIR. This project is aimed at imaging active faults in the Flinders Ranges of SA and their associated seismicity. This project is being undertaken in collaboration between Commonwealth and State Government departments. Case study 3 involved the use of the ANSIR Short Period instruments to examine the local seismicity and Neotectonics on Macquarie Island. This project has used a deployment of four instruments, with two spares that have been deployed at locations close to field research huts on the island. Case study 4 is a medium / high resolution mine scale seismic reflection investigation that was a component of a series of surveys undertaken for a consortium of mining companies (Sons of Gwalia Pty. Ltd., Placer Dome Inc., AngloGold Pty. Ltd. and St Ives Gold Company), MERIWA (Minerals and Energy Research Institute of Western Australia) and Curtin University. These experiments utilised commercially available truck mounted 40,000 lb vibrators, the ANSIR minivib and the ARAM acquisition system. This project is an example of collaboration by ANSIR with industry. These studies illustrate the capabilities of the Facility to work on a wide variety of scales from the a few hundred metres to tens of kilometers of the crust, with varying resolution and diverse applications in the earth sciences.

Figure 2: ANSIR 2003/2004 Annual Report Case studies. 03-01R and 03-14R show locations of reflection imaging projects, 03-05T indicate locations of Broad Band imaging projects and 03-15S show a Short Period equipment experiment.


CASE STUDY 1 ANSIR Project 03-01R: Deep seismic profiling in the Gawler Craton: Crustal structure of the Olympic Dam region, SA, (L163), 2003. Dr Roger Skirrow, Geoscience Australia, Canberra, ACT, 2601 [email protected] The Gawler Craton seismic transects were recorded in the eastern Gawler Craton, which contains South Australia’s major mineral province, host to the world-class Olympic Dam Cu-U-Au deposit and the recent Cu and Au discovery at Prominent Hill. The transects were recorded as a means of imaging the crustal structure of the Palaeo- and Mesoproterozoic basement in the region of he Olympic Dam Cu-U-Au deposit. The seismic data has assisted in defining tectonic controls on Cu-Au mineralisation as well as testing whether large mafic/ultramafic intrusions exist beneath the Olympic Dam deposit, as implied by some genetic models of Cu-U-Au mineralization. The seismic data also helped in determining the geometry of the Torrens Hinge Zone of the Neoproterozoic cover rocks, which are up to six kilometres thick. The seismic survey has contributed to an ongoing program of seismic data acquisition across the southern Australian cratons, extending from the Broken Hill region, in the east, to the Yilgarn Craton, in the west.

The Gawler Craton seismic transects was acquired for Geoscience Australia by ANSIR in July and August, 2003. Two deep seismic reflection transects, 03GA-OD1 and 03GA-OD2, were recorded in conjunction with the Office of Minerals and Energy Resources, South Australia (Figure 3). The regional traverse, 03GA-OD1, is 193 km long and extends from the township of Woomera in the south, through the Olympic Dam Mine area, to the Oodnadatta Track in the north. The east-west line, 03GA-OD2, is 57 km long and crossed the north-south regional line just south of the Olympic Dam Mine.

Figure 3: Location of 2003 Gawler seismic traverses in the eastern Gawler Craton, South Australia. Salt lakes shown in grey. Inset shows Gawler Craton position within Australia.

The seismic survey used three in-line 266,700 N (60,000 lb) peak force vibrators for its energy source and an ARAM 24 bit 240 channel recording system. Sweep parameters were chosen from experiments undertaken at the commencement of the survey. A summary of the survey acquisition parameters are given in Table 8. Processing was undertaken at Geoscience Australia using the DISCO/Focus software package. The processing methods used for the Gawler seismic data were based on experience obtained from many hard-rock seismic surveys carried out by Geoscience Australia over the years. The key processing steps used include crooked line geometry definition, refraction statics, automatic residual statics, spectral equalisation, stacking velocity analysis, DMO, and migration.


Table 8: Summary of acquisition parameters for lines 03GA-OD1 and 03GA-OD2

LINE 03GA-OD1 03GA-OD2 AREA Roxby Downs/Olympic Dam (SA) Roxby Downs/Olympic Dam (SA) DIRECTION N to S W to E LENGTH 193.36 km 57.44 km STATIONS 1000 - 5834 1000 – 2436 CDP RANGE 2000 - 11546 2001 – 4658 GROUP INTERVAL 40 m 40 m GROUP PATTERN 12 in-line @ 3.33 m 12 in-line @ 3.33 m # VIBRATION POINTS 2446 718 VP INTERVAL 80 m 80 m SOURCE TYPE 3 x IVI Hemi-60 3 x IVI Hemi-60 SWEEP TYPE 3 x 12 s: 7-56, 12-80, & 8-72 Hz 3 x 12 s: 7-56, 12-80, & 8-72 Hz SOURCE PAD-PAD 15 m 15 m SOURCE MOVE-UP 15 m 15 m # CHANNELS 240 (<240 on roll off) 240 (351 on roll off) FOLD (NOMINAL) 60 60 RECORD LENGTH 18 s @ 2 ms 18 s @ 2 ms

At the crustal scale, the seismic data suggest a subdivision of the basement into three domains. (1) A southern domain characterised by a very reflective middle and upper crust. Within the upper crust, there is region of strong sub-horizontal reflectivity cut by a series of shallow to moderately north-dipping reflections down to approximately 12 km. These dipping reflections are interpreted as major faults. (2) A central domain containing a zone of weak reflections beneath the basement unconformity and extending to a depth of up to five kilometres, corresponding to the Burgoyne batholith, host to the Olympic Dam deposit. (3) A northern domain characterised by a moderately reflective middle and upper crust. The dominant reflectivity suggests a southerly dip to the main internal structures. In the south, the Moho is well imaged. It is a fairly strong, thin zone of sub-horizontal reflectivity that lies at approximately 38 km depth. In the north, the Moho is also sub-horizontal, however it is a thicker zone of reflectivity and lies at approximately 40 km depth. There is an inferred displacement in the Moho beneath the central domain.

Figure 4: ANSIR 60,000 lb Vibroseis Trucks working during the Gawler Seismic survey in 2003.


CASE STUDY 2 ANSIR Project 03-05T: Imaging of Active Faults in the Flinders Ranges, South Australia, for Neotectonic and Earthquake Hazard Studies Phil R. Cummins, Geohazards Div., Geoscience Australia, ACT 2601 [email protected] This project was funded using a GA appropriation and in-kind contributions from Primary Industries and Resources, South Australia (PIRSA). The goal of the project is to characterize seismicity in the Flinders Ranges, SA, and in particular to determine whether the seismicity is associated with identifiable faults. The project involved deployment of 8 stations consisting of Reftek + Guralp CMG 40T seismometers, along with 9 stations consisting of Kelunji + Guralp CMG40T-1 seismometers. The Reftek dataloggers are manufactured in the USA and have been used in Australia since the 1990’s to record broadband data from distant earthquakes, primarily for tomography and receiver function studies. The Kelunji is a datalogger manufactured by Environmental Systems & Services, Melbourne, which is commonly used for recording local Australian earthquake data. To our knowledge, this project was the first attempt to use both Refteks and Kelunjis together in a single experiment (see Figure 5). Also, the project was the first in Australia to use the Reftek recorders at high sample rates of 100 and 200 sps (the latter requiring a 2nd 60W solar panel to cope with more frequent disk access), and to use the Kelunjis in continuous recording mode as part of a temporary deployment. The experimental design envisioned 20 stations with approximately 30 km inter-station spacing, arranged to cover an approximately 200 km x 300 km area in the Flinders Ranges which has experienced high seismicity in recent years (Figure 6). In addition to the stations deployed, the experiment was designed to also make use of data from permanent stations of the PIRSA network as well as temporary stations from ANU’s Tasman Line Project (ANSIR Project 02-05T).

Figure 5: Comparison of deployment styles for Kelunji (left, station FR03) and Reftek (right, station FR05) equipment. Both sites are east of Hawker, SA, near the eastern margin of the Flinders Ranges. Seismometers are buried at both sites.


mailto:[email protected]

Figure 6: Map of Flinders Ranges deployment. Orange triangles are stations from the permanent PIRSA network, and red bullseyes are stations deployed as part of the Flinders Ranges ANSIR project. Blue bullseyes are stations which were planned but never deployed. Green circles are hypocentres from PIRSA’s earthquake database.

The data will be used to obtain precise hypocenter estimates of local earthquakes, and to constrain source properties such as focal mechanism and stress drop. These may help to delineate active faults, and also to elucidate the nature of crustal deformation in response to the horizontal compression thought to characterize the stress field in South Australia. The waveform data is also expected to provide important information regarding the efficiency of seismic wave propagation in the crust which, along with a statistical characterization of seismicity, is an important component of a seismic hazard assessment.


Figure 7. Vertical-component waveforms recorded during the 22 November, 2003 ML 4.2 earthquake near Hawker, SA. Several moderate earthquakes have been recorded since the start of the experiment, most prominent among then the ML 4.2 (the revised estimate based on data from this experiment is ML 3.9) Hawker earthquake of 22 November, 2003. This earthquake was well recorded at over 12 stations (Figure 7), and its hypocenter was determined to with a few km. Most significantly, the depth was determined to be 17 km and the focal mechanism (Figure 8) was normal. Such normal faulting events have occurred in the Flinders Ranges in the past, but their mechanisms and depths have been poorly constrained. This experiment should provide us with an opportunity to study how such earthquakes can occur in a region whose stress field is thought to be horizontally compressive, and whether this may be associated with flexure of the crust. Figure 8: Focal mechanism for Hawker event.


CASE STUDY 3 ANSIR Project 03-15S: Local Seismicity and Neotectonics of Macquarie Island Dr Michael Roach, School of Earth Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania [email protected] Macquarie Island lies approximately 1500km SE of Tasmania. The island is approximately 35 km long and a maximum of 5 km wide and lies just to the east of the current dextral strike-slip boundary between the Australian and Pacific plates. Macquarie Island is a site of particular geological interest as it displays the only in-situ example of a complete cross-section of oceanic crust although the section is complicated by the presence of faulting. The northern third of the island is composed of an upper mantle and lower to mid crustal succession of serpentinised ultramafic rocks, gabbros and sheeted dolerite dykes while the southern two thirds of the island is predominantly composed of basaltic rocks. The Island has a complex geodynamic history with at least three phases of deformation and faulting currently recognised. Local compression associated with tilting and rotation of crustal blocks in the Macquarie Ridge raised the island above sea level less than 250,000 years ago and over 400m of uplift has occurred since this time. A number of active fault systems have been identified based on geomorphological characteristics and numerous large earthquakes have occurred in the region since periodic European occupation, some of which resulted in major landslides and fault scarp development.

#

#

#

#

%

GreenGorge

WaterfallBay

Hurd Point

Bauer Bay

MCQ(GA)

54°4

0'

54°40'

54°3

0'

54°30'

158°50'

158°50'

159°00'

159°00'

Figure 9: Locations of ANSIR portable short-period recorders deployed on Macquarie Island during 2004. MCQ is a permanent telemetered station located at the main base and operated by Geoscience Australia. Geoscience Australia has maintained a seismic station on Macquarie Island since the 1950s but only events that were large enough to be recorded in New Zealand and in southern Australia have been located in the past. In this project we have deployed four portable ANSIR instruments for a period of 12 months to attempt to delineate the pattern of local events and to then relate this information to other geological and geomorphological data in an attempt to identify currently active fault systems.


This is an opportunistic deployment of seismometers that takes advantage of the fact that geophysical and geological field workers from the University of Tasmania (Bronwyn Kimber and Andy Wakefield) will be spending a year on Macquarie Island from March 2004 til March 2005. They are conducting a ground magnetic survey of the island, geological mapping and sampling as part of AAD project number 2409 that aims to investigate the hydrothermal history of the island. As field staff are routinely moving about the island as part of their main duties, they will also maintain and download the seismometers thus acquiring valuable extra information for little or no additional inconvenience thus maximising the scientific benefit of their year on the island. Six ANSIR short period portable instruments were made available for this project of which four are in continuous operation in the field and two kept as spare instruments. The four field instruments were installed during the Macquarie Island resupply voyage of the Aurora Australis in February-March 2004. Walking is the only means of moving around the island so the seismometers had to be located at sites where they were readily accessible. The field instruments were deployed in close proximity to field huts at Bauer Bay, Green Gorge, Waterfall Bay and at Hurd Point (Figures 9, 10 and 11).

Figure 10: A view south along the east coast from Waterfall Bay Hut. The seismometer at this site was initially deployed adjacent to a raised sea stack 50m inland from the hut but was later relocated 100m further inland, at the base of the escarpment, in an effort to reduce the noise level.

Figure 11: Andy Wakefield at Green Gorge. The seismometer at this site was installed immediately behind the hut within the hut compound. A major concern here and at Bauer Bay was to protect the recorder from damage due to roaming elephant seals.


The almost linear arrangement of the network is not optimal for location of local events but the elongate geography of the island and the position of walking tracks and huts significantly restricts other options. Macquarie Island lies within the “furious fifties” and wave action on the western shoreline from the strong prevailing westerly winds generates significant seismic noise both in the 0.25-0.14 Hz range usually associated with oceanic swells and at higher frequencies due to direct wave action on the shoreline. Data from all of the ANSIR portable instruments are affected to some degree by swell, wave and wind noise as all instruments are installed within 200m of the shoreline. The wave and wind-induced noise was most significant for the Waterfall Bay station which was installed in an area of peaty soil and after two months of operation this instrument was relocated further inland to a less noisy location. Despite its proximity to the wild west coast, data from the Bauer Bay station has excellent signal to noise characteristics and is generally better than data from the permanent Geoscience Australia station at the north of the island. During the first two and a half months of operation the network has recorded over 100 small events. A large number of these events fall in two zones, one located 5-10km NW of the island near the current plate boundary and a second approximately 20km ENE of the island. An example of a Md 2.1 event in this second zone is shown in Figure 12. Despite the hostile environmental conditions on Macquarie Island, the ANSIR recorders have operated without any problems for over three months and we are hopeful on this basis that we will end this project in March 2005 with a continuous twelve month record from four recorders that will provide a valuable new view of the neotectonic features and the geology of the Macquarie Island region.

Bauer Bay Green Gorge

Hurd PointWater fall Bay

Bauer Bay Green Gorge

Hurd PointWater fall Bay

Figure 12: Seismograms from an Md 2.1 event 28km ENE of Bauer Bay. Note the high background noise level on the Waterfall Bay record and the lower frequency content of the Green Gorge data.


CASE STUDY 4 ANSIR Project 03-14R: Sons of Gwalia Seismic Survey (L165), WA, 2004 Dr John Jackson, Sons of Gwalia Pty. Ltd, Perth, WA 6000 [email protected] An understanding on the controls of mineralisation is important in the search for further discoveries, both within the immediate vicinity of mineralisation and on a regional scale. It is important to develop an understanding of the 3D geological architecture of the near mine environs. Surface and drill hole geological data provides the basis for creating the architecture of an area. The distribution and sampling volume of these datasets are small in comparison to the geological volume under consideration; hence methods such as magnetics and gravity are commonly used to provide continuity between these wide spaced data points. Geoscience Australia’s regional deep seismic reflection survey through the Sons of Gwalia mine (Figure 13) in the Yilgarn Craton showed that geological units and structures can be successfully imaged in a hard rock environment at the mine scale. The seismic reflection technique, at a local scale, will also complement the existing remote sensing methods.

This high-resolution seismic reflection study of the Sons of Gwalia hard rock mineral environment was successful because:

• There is a concerted effort by Sons of Gwalia to understand the geological setting of these ore bodies.

• The GA regional seismic line near the Sons of Gwalia Mine showed lithological packages and structural features at depths >1 km (Figure 14).

• This survey shows reasonable correlation with the geology from deep drilling (>1 km vertical) at the Sons of Gwalia Mine.

• The dips of the geological units and/or structures are often less than 50º thus providing a suitable geometry for reflection.

• Drilling outside the deposits is limited to <300 m and thus any geological framework at depth relies on traditional geophysical methods such as gravity and magnetics; each of which have their limitations.

• An understanding of the geological framework may lead to further discoveries.

• The potential exists for directly imaging alteration zones which may be mineralised.

Figure 13: Locations of the 2004 SOG seismic lines (yellow). The western end of Geoscience Australia’s 2002 northeastern Yilgarn Craton regional deep seismic traverse is shown in blue.

The Sons of Gwalia Seismic Investigation was incorporated into a proposed MERIWA project involving Sons of Gwalia Pty. Ltd., St Ives Goldmines Pty. Ltd., Placer Dome Limited, Anglogold Pty. Ltd. and Curtin University.


The MERIWA project was set up to pool the industry seismic experience (and data) within the Yilgarn gold explorer companies to achieve more effective processing and interpretation of hard rock seismic data. This processing included analysis of seismic wave propagation in the hard rock environment as well as optimum design of seismic surveys in Archaean greenstone terrains. Under the MERIWA project, Curtin University would undertake the processing of the ANSIR seismic data. The Sons of Gwalia Mine seismic survey was acquired for Sons of Gwalia under the MERIWA consortium by the Australian National Seismic Imaging Resource (ANSIR) in April 2004. Five seismic reflection traverses, 04SGW-G1 through 4SGW-G5, were recorded. Traverse 04SGW-G3 was recorded along the same route as the 2002 regional northeastern Yilgarn deep seismic reflection traverse recorded by Geoscience Australia.

Figure 14: Detailed view of Geoscience Australia’s 2002 northeastern Yilgarn Craton regional deep seismic traverse recorded within the SOG mine site. The interpretation shown is based on drill hole data, mine mapping and seismic reflectivity. Major shear zones, from east to west, are the Butchers Flat Shear Zone (BF-SZ), the Mt George Shear Zone (MTF-SZ) and the Son of Gwalia Shear Zone (SOG-SZ). WL-SZ and P-SZ are local shear zones. Purple body is mafic succession. Yellow body is Gold bearing succession.

The ANISR minivib was also trialled along this traverse as well (line 04SGW-G3M). A 10 m recording spread was deployed then both the Paystar Vibrators and the mini-Vibe were used to record into the same spread. This was done to test the viability of recording seismic using the minivib. The main seismic survey used two in-line 40,000 lb peak force vibrators for its energy source and an ARAM 24 bit 240 channel recording system. Sweep parameters were chosen from experiments undertaken at the commencement of the survey. A summary of the survey acquisition parameters are given in Table 9.


Table 9: Summary of acquisition parameters for the SOG lines

LINES 04SGW-G1, 04SGW-G2,

04SGW-G3, 04SGW-G4, 04SGW-G5,

04SGW-G3M

AREA Sons of Gwalia (WA) Sons of Gwalia (WA) DIRECTION E to W, W to E

W to E, E to W W to E

E to W

LENGTH 4.38 km 2.38 km 4.00 km 4.95 km 2.80 km

4.00 km

STATIONS 539-100 338-100 1-401 495-100 100-380

401-1

GROUP INTERVAL 10 m 10 m GROUP PATTERN 12 in-line @ 0.8 m 12 in-line @ .8 m VP INTERVAL 10 m 10 m SOURCE TYPE 2 x 315 Litton Paystar 1 x IVI mini-Vibe SWEEP TYPE 2 x 15 s: 12-96, 12-144 Hz 2 x 15 s: 10-200 Hz SOURCE PAD-PAD 15 m 0 m SOURCE MOVE-UP 5 m 0 m # CHANNELS 240 (<240 on roll off) 240 (351 on roll off) FOLD (NOMINAL) 120 120 RECORD LENGTH 4 s @ 1 ms 4 s @ 1 ms

Figure 15: ANSIR crew working during the SOG Seismic survey. Energy source used are 40,000 lb Paystar Vibroseis Trucks. The results from the SOG seismic survey are currently being processed by Curtin University. They will be used to assist in understanding of the geological framework of the mine environs and hopefully lead to further discoveries.


Personnel associated with ANSIR projects in 2003/2004 The following personnel were associated with ANSIR projects during 2003/2004. Those listed under “Project Researchers”, “Postgraduate Students” and “Project Partners” participated in research projects, and were not involved in the day-to-day management and operations of ANSIR, although some of the GA and ANU staff also assisted project researchers when representing ANSIR. In addition individuals and companies who have requested access to ANSIR legacy datasets are listed under “Other”. ANSIR Specified Personnel Prof. Brian L.N. Kennett ANSIR Director, ANU Dr Bruce Goleby ANSIR Deputy Director, GA Mr Tim Barton ANSIR Executive Officer, GA Mrs Mary McDonald Finance Officer, ANU Mr Stefan Sirotjuk Assistant Operations Manager, ANU ANSIR Support Personnel Ms Kerryn Jackson Executive Officer, RSES, ANU Mr David Johnstone Geophysicist, GA Dr Leonie Jones Geophysicist, GA Mrs Tanya Fomin Geophysicist, GA Mr Armando Arcidiaco Technical Officer, ANU Mr Alan Crawford Technical Officer, GA Mr Tony Percival Technical Officer, ANU Project Researchers (Researchers who participated in projects using data collected in whole or in part with ANSIR equipment). Mike Armstrong Department of Mineral Resources NSW Prof. Michael Asten Monash University Tim Barton GA Dr Joe Benshemesh Dept. of Biological Sciences, Monash University Dr Richard Blewett GA Richard Brescianini Northern Territory Geological Survey Dr Kevin Cassidy GA Mike Christie Placer (Granny Smith) Ltd. Dr Dan Clark GA Clive Collins GA Jeremy Cook AngloGold Australia Pty. Ltd. Phillip Cooney Department of Mineral Resources NSW Dr Karen Conners St Ives Gold Mining Company Pty. Ltd. Dr Phil Cummins GA Kas De Luca Placer (Granny Smith) Ltd. A/Prof. Mike Dentith Dept. of Geology & Geophysics, UWA G. J. Davidson Australian Antarctic Division Dr Barry Drummond GA Brian Evans Curtin University of Technology Gary Fallon MIM Exploration Tanya Fomin GA, ANSIR and pmd*CRC Dr Bruce Goleby pmd*CRC and GA Dr George Gibson pmd*CRC and GA Mike Grigson Sons of Gwalia Pty. Ltd. Greg Hall Placer Dome Group


Stuart Hankin ANSTO Environment Division Paul Heithersay PIRSA Office of Minerals, Energy and Petroleum Prof. Greg Houseman University of Leeds, UK John Jackson Sons of Gwalia Pty. Ltd. David Johnstone pmd*CRC , GA and ANSIR Dr Leonie Jones GA, ANSIR and pmd*CRC Bruce Kendall AngloGold Sunrise Dam Bronwyn Kimber University of Tasmania Prof. Brian L.N. Kennett RSES, ANU Dr Russell Korsch pmd*CRC and GA Dr Mark Lackie Dept. of Earth & Planetary Sciences, Macquarie University Dr Nelson Lam University of Melbourne Dr Paul Lennox University of NSW David Love PIRSA Office of Minerals, Energy and Petroleum Aristeo Mantaring Department of Mineral Resources NSW Steve Massey Consultant Geophysicist Dr Leah Moore DSHMP, University of Canberra Dr Derecke Palmer University of New South Wales Warren Pump URS Corp. Dr David Rawlings Northern Territory Geological Survey, now at Cameco Australia Dr Nicholas Rawlinson RSES, ANU Dr Anya Reading RSES, ANU Mike Reveleigh Velseis Pty. Ltd Dr Mike Roach University of Tasmania Stuart Robertson PIRSA Office of Minerals, Energy and Petroleum Andrew Shearer PIRSA Office of Minerals, Energy and Petroleum Dr Roger Skirrow GA Dr Edward Stolz St Ives Gold Mining Company Pty. Ltd. Dr David Stone ANSTO Environment Division Dr Ted Tyne NSW Geological Survey Milovan Urosevic Curtin University of Technology Andy Wakefield University of Tasmania Dr Chris Waring ANSTO Environment Division Aaron Wehrle St Ives Gold Mining Company Pty. Ltd. Michael Williams Dept of Land and Water Conservation, NSW Wally Witt Sons of Gwalia Pty. Ltd.

Postgraduate Students

Stewart. Fishwick PhD student, The Australian National University Kostia Galybin University of Western Australia Michael Holzapfel MSc student, University of Canberra Ramin Nikrouz PhD student, University of New South Wales Kathlene Oliver MSc student, Macquarie University James Roberts Monash University Erdinç Saygin PhD student, The Australian National University Hugh Tassell Honours student, University of Tasmania Hing Ho Tsang University of Hong Kong Srikanth Venkatesan University of Melbourne


Project Partners (Institutions and companies with involvement in ANSIR research projects). AngloGold Australia Pty. Ltd. ANSTO Anangu –Pitjantjatjara Land Management, NT Curtin University of Technology Department of Biological Sciences, Monash University Department of Mineral Resources, NSW Dynamic Satellite Surveys Pty. Ltd. Earthwatch Institute (Australia) Geoscience Australia Macquarie University MIM Exploration Northern Territory Geological Survey PIRSA Office of Minerals, Energy and Petroleum Placer Dome Group Placer (Granny Smith) Ltd. pmd*CRC Research School of Earth Sciences, ANU Sons of Gwalia Pty. Ltd. St Ives Gold Mining Company Pty. Ltd. Terrex Seismic Pty. Ltd. (formerly Trace Energy Services Pty. Ltd.) University of Canberra University of New South Wales University of Tasmania University of Western Australia URS Corp. Velseis Pty. Ltd. Other (Users of ANSIR legacy datasets for research, consultancy and exploration purposes). Brendan Bradley Perilya Limited Peter Collins Reed Resources Ltd Phillip Cooney Dept. of Mineral Resources, NSW Dr Nick Direen School of Earth & Environmental Sciences, The University of Adelaide Sally Griffin SRK Consulting Kusum Gunatillake Department of Primary Industry, VictoriaPeter Hough Primary Industries and Resources, SA Natasha Hui SANTOS John Jackson Sons of Gwalia Ltd. Dr Mark Lackie Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Macquarie University Philip McInerney Intrepid Geophysics Torey Marshall Northern Territory Geological Survey Steve Massey Placer-Dome Group Pty. Ltd.. Dr Philip Newton AngloGold Australia Limited Mike Reveleigh Velseis Pty. Ltd Shane Robbie Tipperary Oil & Gas (Aust) Pty. Ltd Jacques Sayers Geoscience Australia, CRC for Greenhouse Gas Technologies Norm Uren Consultant Arie van der Velden Lithoprobe, University of Calgary, Canada Julian Vearncombe Vearncombe & Associates Pty. Ltd Paul Wilson Sunshine Gas Limited Helen Zammitt Dept. of Mineral Resources, NSW




Publications 2003/2004 Asten M.W. (2003), Historical note and preface to SEG translation of “The Microseismic Method”, in

H. Okada, “Microseismic Survey Method”: Society of Exploration Geophysicists of Japan. Translated by Koya Suto, Monograph 12, Society of Exploration Geophysicists, Tulsa.

Asten M.W. (2004), Comment on “Microtremor observations of deep sediment resonance in metropolitan Memphis, Tennessee” by Paul Bodin, Kevin Smith, Steve Horton and Howard Hwang. Engineering Geology, 72 (3/4) 343-349.

Bannister S., Yu J., Leitner B. and Kennett B.L.N. (2003), Variations in crustal structure across the transition from West to East Antarctica, Southern Victoria Land, Geophys. J. Int., 155, 870-884.

Blewett R.S., Champion D.C., Cassidy K.F., Goleby B.R., Bell B., Groenewald P.B., Nicoll M.G. and Whitaker A. (2003), Implications of the northern Yilgarn seismic to Leonora-Laverton 3D model. In: B.R., Goleby, R.S. Blewett, P.B. Groenewald, K.F. Cassidy, D.C. Champion, L.E.A. Jones, R.J. Korsch, S. Shevchenko and S.N. Apak (Editors), The 2001 Northeastern Yilgarn deep seismic reflection survey.Geoscience Australia, Record 2003/28 113-126.

Cassidy K.F., Blewett R.S., Champion D.C. and Goleby B.R, (2003), Northeastern Yilgarn seismic reflection survey: Implications for orogenic Au systems. In: B.R., Goleby, R.S. Blewett, P.B. Groenewald, K.F. Cassidy, D.C. Champion, L.E.A. Jones, R.J. Korsch, S. Shevchenko and S.N. Apak (Editors),Geoscience Australia, Record 2003/28 127-143.

Debayle E. and Kennett B.L.N. (2003), Surface wave studies of the Australian region, 25-40, In The Evolution and Dynamics of the Australian Plate, Geological Society of Australia Special Publication 22 and Geological Society of America Special Paper 372. (Ed. D. Müller & R. Hillis).

Drummond, B.J., Hobbs, B.E., Hobbs, R.W. and Goleby, B.R. (2004), Crustal fluids in tectonic evolution and mineral systems: evidence from the Yilgarn Craton. In A.C. Barnicoat & R.J. Korsch (Editors), Predictive Mineral Discovery Cooperative Research Centre, Extended Abstracts for the June 2004 Conference, Geoscience Australia, Record 2004/09, 33-38.

Fomin T., Jones L., Barton T., Johnstone D. and Crawford A. (2003), L160 Multi-component High Resolution Seismic Survey, Operations Report: Narrabri, NSW - April 2003. Geoscience Austraila Record, 2003/20.

Fomin T., Crawford A.R. and Johnstone D.W. (2003), A Wide-angle reflection experiment with vibroseis sources as part of a multidisciplinary seismic study of the Leonora-Laverton Tectonic Zone, Northeastern Yilgarn Craton. Exploration Geophysics, 34, No.3, 147-150.

Goleby B.R. (2003), Great lengths for deeper view of SA mineral regions. AusGeo News 71.

Goleby B.R., Blewett R.S., Groenewald P.B., Cassidy K.F., Champion D.C., Jones L.E.A., Korsch R.J. Whitaker A., Shevchenko S., Bell B. and Apak S.N. (2003). The 2001 northeastern Yilgarn deep seismic reflection survey. Geoscience Australia, Record, 2003/28 143pp.

Goleby B.R., Blewett R., Groenewald B., Cassidy K.F., Champion D.C., Korsch R.J., Whitaker A., Jones L.E.A., Bell B. and Apak S.N., (2003). Seismic interpretation of the northeastern Yilgarn craton. In: B.R., Goleby, R.S. Blewett, P.B. Groenewald, K.F. Cassidy, D.C. Champion, L.E.A. Jones, R.J. Korsch, S. Shevchenko and S.N. Apak (Editors), Geoscience Australia, Record 2003/28 85-112.

Goleby, B.R., Kennett, B.L.N., Fomin, T., Reading, A.M., Blewett, R. and Nicoll, M. (2004), A tomographic view of the Eastern Goldfields Province, Yilgarn Craton. In A.C. Barnicoat & R.J. Korsch (Editors), Predictive Mineral Discovery Cooperative Research Centre, Extended Abstracts for the June 2004 Conference, Geoscience Australia, Record 2004/09, 75-78.

Goleby B.R. and Korsch R.J. (2003), Aims of the northern Yilgarn deep seismic survey. In: B.R., Goleby, R.S. Blewett, P.B. Groenewald, K.F. Cassidy, D.C. Champion, L.E.A. Jones, R.J. Korsch, S. Shevchenko and S.N. Apak (Editors),Geoscience Australia, Record, 2003/28 3-10.


Goleby B.R. and Korsch R.J. (2003), Introduction to northeastern Yilgarn deep seismic survey. In: B.R., Goleby, R.S. Blewett, P.B. Groenewald, K.F. Cassidy, D.C. Champion, L.E.A. Jones, R.J. Korsch, S. Shevchenko and S.N. Apak (Editors),Geoscience Australia, Record, 2003/28 1-2.

Gorbatov A. and Kennett B.L.N. (2003), Joint bulk-sound and shear tomography for Western Pacific subduction zones, Earth Planet Sci Lett, 210, 527-543.

Henson, P.A., Blewett, R.S., Champion, D.C., Goleby, B.R. and Cassidy, K.F. (2004), A dynamic view of orogenesis and the development of the Eastern Yilgarn Craton. In A.C. Barnicoat & R.J. Korsch (Editors), Predictive Mineral Discovery Cooperative research Centre, Extended Abstracts for the June 2004 Conference, Geoscience Australia, Record 2004/09, 83-86.

Henson, P.A., Blewett, R.S., Champion, D.C., Goleby, B.R. and Cassidy, K.F. (2004), Using 3D ‘map patterns’ to elucidate the tectonic history of the Eastern Goldfields. In A.C. Barnicoat & R.J. Korsch (Editors), Predictive Mineral Discovery Cooperative research Centre, Extended Abstracts for the June 2004 Conference, Geoscience Australia, Record 2004/09, 87-90.

Hong T.-K. and Kennett B.L.N. (2003), Modelling of seismic waves in heterogeneous media using a wavelet-based method: application to fault and subduction zones, Geophys. J. Int., 154, 483-498.

Hong T.-K., Kennett B.L.N. and R.-S. Wu (2004), Effects of the density perturbation in scattering, Geophys. Res. Lett., 31(13), L13602, doi:10.1029/2004GL019933.

Jones L.E.A., Goleby B.R. and Barton T.J. (2003), Seismic processing – 2001 northeastern Yilgarn seismic reflection survey (L154). In: B.R., Goleby, R.S. Blewett, P.B. Groenewald, K.F. Cassidy, D.C. Champion, L.E.A. Jones, R.J. Korsch, S. Shevchenko and S.N. Apak (Editors), Geoscience Australia, Record 2003/28 27-49.

Jones L.E.A., Goleby B.R. and Drummond B.J. (2003), Capabilities and limitations of the seismic reflection method in hard rock terranes. In: B.R., Goleby, R.S. Blewett, P.B. Groenewald, K.F. Cassidy, D.C. Champion, L.E.A. Jones, R.J. Korsch, S. Shevchenko and S.N. Apak (Editors), Geoscience Australia, Record 2003/28 11-26.

Kalinowski, A.A., Henson, P.A., Blewett, R.S., Champion, D.C., Goleby, B.R. and Cassidy, K.F. (2004), 4D visualization: bringing animation to geoscience. In A.C. Barnicoat & R.J. Korsch (Editors), Predictive Mineral Discovery Cooperative Research Centre, Extended Abstracts for the June 2004 Conference, Geoscience Australia, Record 2004/09, 101-104.

Kennett B.L.N. (2003), Seismic Structure in the mantle beneath Australia, 7-23, in The Evolution and Dynamics of the Australian Plate, Geological Society of Australia Special Publication 22 and Geological Society of America Special Paper 372. (Ed. D. Müller & R. Hillis).

Kennett B.L.N. (2004), Consistency regions in nonlinear inversion, Geophys. J. Int., 157, 583-588.

Kennett B.L.N., Brown D.J., Sambridge M. and Tarlowski C. (2003), Signal parameter estimation for sparse arrays, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., 93, 1765-1772.

Kennett B.L.N. and Gorbatov A. (2004), Seismic heterogeneity in the mantle - Strong shear wave signature of slabs, Phys. Earth. Planet. Inter., 146, 88-100.

Korsch R.J. (2004), Seismic clues to basin shape. AusGeo News, 74, 8-9.

Lepong, P., Goleby, B.R. and Blenkinsop, T. (2004), Crustal architecture from geophysics: Reprocessing the Mt Isa Seismic Transect. In A.C. Barnicoat & R.J. Korsch (Editors), Predictive Mineral Discovery Cooperative Research Centre, Extended Abstracts for the June 2004 Conference, Geoscience Australia, Record 2004/09, 119-122.

Roberts J., and Asten M.W. (2004), Resolving a velocity inversion at the geotechnical scale using the microtremor (passive seismic) survey method. Exploration Geophysics, 35 (1), 13-18.

Rawlings D.J., Korsch R.J., Goleby B.R., Gibson G.M. and Johnstone D.W. (2004), Deep seismic profiling of the southern McArthur Basin: implications for geological evolution, mineralisation and exploration. In: Annual Geoscience Exploration Seminar (AGES). Northern Territory Geological Survey Record, 2004-001.


Rawlings D.J., Korsch R.J., Goleby B.R., Gibson G.M. and Johnstone D.W. (2004), Deep seismic profiling across the Batten Trough, McArthur Basin, Northern Territory. In: 17th Australian Geological Convention. Geological Society of Australia, Abstracts, 73, 180.

Rawlinson N. and Kennett B.L.N. (2004), Rapid estimation of relative and absolute delay times across a network by adaptive stacking, Geophys. J. Int., 157, 332-340.

Reading A.M. and Kennett B.L.N. (2003), Lithospheric structure of the Pilbara Craton, Capricorn Orogen and northern Yilgarn craton , Western Australia, from teleseismic receiver functions, Aust J. Earth Sci., 50, 439-445.

Reading A.M., Kennett B.L.N. and Dentith M.C. (2003), The seismic structure of the Yilgarn Craton, Western Australia, Aust J. Earth Sci., 50, 427-438.

Reading A., Kennett B. and Sambridge M. (2003), Improved inversion for seismic structure using transformed S-wavector receiver functions: removing the effect of the free surface, Geophys. Res. Lett., 30(19) 1981 doi: 10.1029/2003GL018090.

Takenaka H., Tanaka H., Okamoto T. and Kennett B.L.N. (2003), Quasi-cylindrical 2.5D modeling for large-scale seismic surveys, Geophys. Res. Lett., 30(21), 2086, doi: 10.1029/2003GL018068.

Yoshizawa K. and Kennett B.L.N. (2004), Multi-mode surface wave tomography for the Australian region using a 3-stage approach incorporating finite frequency effects, J. Geophys. Res., 109, B02310, doi: 10.129/2002JB002254.

Zhao C.-P., Kennett B.L.N. and Furumura T. (2003), Contrasts in regional wave propagation to station WMQ in central Asia, Geophys. J. Int., 155,44-56.

Conference Presentations

Asten M.W., Dhu T., Jones A., and Jones T. (2003), Comparison of shear-velocities measured from microtremor array studies and SCPT data acquired for earthquake site hazard classification in the northern suburbs of Perth W.A., in “Earthquake Risk Mitigation”, (Eds. J.L. Wilson, N.K. Lam, G. Gibson & B. Butler), Proceedings of a Conference of the Australian Earthquake Engineering Soc., Melbourne, Paper 12.

Asten M.W. (2003), Lessons from alternative array design used for high-frequency microtremor array studies, in “Earthquake Risk Mitigation”, (Eds. J.L. Wilson, N.K. Lam, G. Gibson & B. Butler), Proceedings of a Conference of the Australian Earthquake Engineering Soc., Melbourne, Paper 14.

Asten M.W. (2004), Method for site hazard zonation, Santa Clara valley: Thickness and shear-velocity mapping of Holocene-Pleistocene sediments by array studies of microtremors. Presented at First Annual Northern California Earthquake Hazards Workshop, January 13-14, 2004, USGS, Menlo Park.

Asten M.W. (2004) Passive seismic methods using the microtremor wave field: Extended Abstracts of the ASEG-PESA 17th Geophysical Conference and Exhibition. In press for August 2004.

Asten M.W., and Dhu T. (2004), Site response in the Botany area, Sydney, using microtremor array methods and equivalent linear site response modelling. Accepted for presentation and publication at the AEES Conference at Mount Gambier, South Australia November 5-7, 2004.

Asten M.W., and Dhu T. (2004), Site classification in the Botany area, Sydney, using microtremor array methods plus SHAKE calculations. Accepted for presentation and publication at the AEES Conference at Mount Gambier, South Australia November 5-7, 2004.

Asten M.W., Dhu T., and Lam N. (2004), Optimised array design for microtremor array studies applied to site classification; observations, results and future use: roceedings of the 13th World Conference of Earthquake Engineering, Vancouver. In press for August 2004.


Fomin T. (2004), Models of the upper crust from wide-angle and reflection studies, Northeastern Yilgarn: Why we need both? Barossa Valley 1-3 June 2004 pmd*CRC Conference, Geoscience Australia Record in press.

Fomin T., Crawford A.R. and Johnstone D.W. (2003), Conventional vibroseis technique expanded to yield high quality wide-angle data in Northeastern Yilgarn, Western Australia. 10th Int.Symposium on Deep Seismic Profiling of the Continents and Their Margins, New Zealand, 6-10 January, 2003, 62.

Fomin T., Goleby B.R. and Nicoll M. (2004) Some lessons from combined interpretations of wide-angle and conventional reflection data in the Northern Yilgarn, Western Australia. 11th Int. Symposium on Deep Structure of the Continents and Their Margins: Results from Reflection, Refraction and Teleseismic Seismology, Canada, 26 September -1 October, 2004

Jones, L.E.A., Lyons, P., Goleby, B.R., Shearer, A.J., Schwarz, M., Skirrow, R.G., Korsch, R.J., Totterdell, J.M., Preiss, W.V., Direen N., and Johnstone, D.W. (2004), Gawler Craton Uncovered, ASEG-PESA 17th Geophysical Conference and Exhibition. In press for Aug. 2004.

Jones L., Waring C., Hankin S., Johnstone D., and Fomin T. (2004), Comparison of shallow seismic and seismoelectric techniques for groundwater surveys: A case study at Narromine NSW. Proceedings Extended Abstracts of the ASEG-PESA 17th Geophysical Conference and Exhibition. In press for Aug. 2004.

Korsch R.J., Rawlings D.J., Goleby B.R., Gibson G.M and Johnstone D.W. (2003), Proterozoic basins and mineral potential: the Batten Trough seismic survey. Geoscience Australia, Minerals Exploration Seminar, Perth, 4 December 2003, 11 pp.

Lam N., Asten MW, Chandler A., Hing Ho Tsang, Srikanth Venkatesan, and Wilson J. (2004), Seismic Attenuation Modelling for Melbourne based on the SPAC-CAM procedure. Accepted for presentation and publication at the AEES Conference at Mount Gambier, South Australia November 5-7, 2004.

Lam N., Asten M.W., Roberts J., Venkatesan S., and Wilson J. (2004), A Generic Tool for Modelling Earthquake Hazard, The 18th Australasian Conference on the Mechanics of Structures & Materials, Perth, 1-3 December 2004.

Reading A.M., Results from the SSCUA broadband seismic deployment, East Antarctica (2004). Terra Nostra, 28th SCAR Meeting and Open Science Conference, July 2004, Bremen, Germany.

Reading A.M., Antarctic Array and initiatives in East Antarctic Seismology (2004). Terra Nostra, 28th SCAR Meeting and Open Science Conference, July 2004, Bremen, Germany.

Reading A.M., The SSCUA broadband seismic deployment, East Antarctica (2004). Terra Nostra, 9th International Symposium of Antarctic Earth Sciences, Sept. 2003, Potsdam, Germany, p270.

Reading A.M., East Antarctic Seismic Structure and Seismicity (2004). Terra Nostra, 9th International Symposium of Antarctic Earth Sciences, Sept. 2003, Potsdam, Germany, p 272.

Roberts J., Asten MW., Hing Ho Tsang, Srikanth Venkatesan, and Lam N. (2004), Shear Wave Velocity Profiling in Melbourne Silurian Mudstone using the SPAC Method. Accepted for presentation and publication at the AEES Conference at Mount Gambier, South Australia November 5-7, 2004.

Srikanth Venkatesan, Lam N., Wilson J., and Asten MW, (2004), A Soil Response Spectrum Model for Melbourne. Accepted for presentation and publication at the AEES Conference at Mount Gambier, South Australia November 5-7, 2004.

Publications in Press

Blewett R.S., Cassidy K.F., Champion D.C., Henson P.A., Goleby B.R., Jones L. and Groenewald P.B. (2004), The Wangkathaa Orogeny: an example of episodic regional ‘D2’ in the late Archaean Eastern Goldfields Province, Western Australia. Precambrian Research. in press.


Drummond B.J., Hobbs R.W. and Goleby B.R. (2004), The effects of out-of-plane seismic energy caused by three dimensional shear zone morphology on the nature of reflections in two dimensional crustal seismic sections. Geophys. J. Int. submitted

Drummond B.J., Hobbs R.W. and Goleby B.R. (2004), The effects of out-of-plane seismic energy on reflections in crustal-scale 2D seismic sections. Tectonophysics. In press

Fomin T., Crawford A.R. and Johnstone D.W. (2003). A Wide-angle reflection experiment with vibroseis sourceS as part of a multidisciplinary seismic study of the Leonora-Laverton tectonic zone, Northeastern Yilgarn Craton. Australian Society of Exploration Geophysicists. submitted

Holzapfel M., Johnstone D., Crawford, A., Jones L., Barton T., Hadrill P., Yarrow M. and Moore C. L. (2004), L162 Hybrid Reflection – Refraction seismic survey: Operations Report. Geoscience Australia Record in press.

Hong T.-K. and Kennett B.L.N. (2004), Scattering of elastic waves in media with a random distribution of fluid-filled cavities: theory and numerical modelling, Geophys. J. Int. in press.

Johnstone D. W. (2004), WA seismic 2004: Operations Report for ANSIR. Geoscience Australia Record in press.

Johnstone D. W. (2004), Dubbo (Spicers Creek) 3D-3C high resolution seismic survey (L159): Operations Report. Geoscience Australia Record in press.

Johnstone D. W. (2004), Index of Geoscience Australia land based seismic surveys 1949-2004 (revised edition). Geoscience Australia Record in press.

Kennett B.L.N. (2004), Heterogeneity patterns in the mantle, State of the Planet, eds. S. Sparks and C. Hawkesworth, American Geophysical Union/IUGG. in press.

Kennett B.L.N., Fishwick, S., Reading A.M. and Rawlinson N. (2004) Contrasts in mantle structure beneath Australia – relation to Tasman Lines?, Aust. J. Earth Sci. in press.

Korsch R.J., Rawlings D.J., Goleby B.R., Gibson G.M. and Johnstone D.W. (2004), Deep seismic profiling in the southern McArthur Basin: Implications for mineralisation. SEG Conference, Perth, September 2004.

Korsch R.J., Rawlings D.J., Goleby B.R., Gibson G.M. and Johnstone, D.W. (2004), The 2002 Southern McArthur Basin Seismic Reflection Survey. Geoscience Australia Record 2004/17 in press.

Miller M.S., Kennett B.L.N. and Lister G.S. (2004), Imaging changes in morphology, geometry and physical properties of the subducting Pacific plate along the Izu-Bonin-Mariana arc, Earth. Planet. Sci. Lett. in press.

Palmer, D. (2001), Comments on “A brief study of the generalized reciprocal method and some of the limitations of the method” by Bengt Sjögren. submitted.

Palmer, D. (2003), Shallow seismic refraction inversion with velocity gradients, submitted.

Palmer, D. (2003), A simple approach to refraction statics with the GRM and the RCS, submitted.

Palmer, D. (2003), Effects of near-surface lateral variations on refraction amplitudes, submitted.

Palmer, D. (2003), A GRM and RCS Tutorial. 196 pages.

Palmer, D. (2004), Comments on “Controls of traveltime data and problems of the generalized reciprocal method” by Leung Tak Ming, submitted.

Palmer, D. (2004), Generation and resolution of non-uniqueness with shallow seismic refraction seismology, submitted.

Poupinet G. and Kennett B.L.N. (2004), On the observation of high frequency PKiKP and its coda in Australia, Phys. Earth. Planet. Inter. in press.

Reading A.M., Investigating the deep structure of terranes and terrane boundaries: insights from earthquake seismic data. Journal of the Geological Society of London. in press.


Terrex Seismic (2004), Curnamona, SA, 2003 and 2004 Seismic Survey (L164): Operations Report for ANSIR. Geoscience Australia Record in press.


List of Acronyms AAD Australian Antarctic Division AGC Australian Geological Convention AGSO Australian Geological Survey Organisation AGU American Geophysical Union ANSIR Australian National Seismic Imaging Resource ANSTO Australian Nuclear Science and technology Organisation AnSWeR Antarctic Seismic Web Resource ANU The Australian National University ARC Australian Research Council ASEG The Australian Society of Exploration Geophysicists CRC Cooperative Research Centre CRC LEME Cooperative Research Centre for Landscape Evolution and Mineral Exploration CSIRO Commonwealth Scientific Industrial Research Organisation DEST Commonwealth Department of Education, Science and Training DLWC Dept of Land and Water Conservation, NSW DSHMP Dryland Salinity Hazard Mitigation Program EGS European Geophysical Society EUG European Union of Geosciences GA Geoscience Australia GSA Geological Society of Australia GSV Geological Survey of Victoria, Dept. of Natural Resources and Environment Victoria GSWA Geological Survey of Western Australia IGNS Institute of Geological and Nuclear Sciences, NZ IUGG International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics JAMSTEC Japan Marine Science and Technology Center JUSF Joint University Seismic Facility LIEF Linkage - Infrastructure (Equipment and Facilities) Scheme MIM Mt Isa Mines Holdings Ltd MCA Minerals Council of Australia MERIWA Minerals and Energy Research Institute of Western Australia MNRF Major National Research Facility MRT Mineral Resources Tasmania NSWDMR Mineral Resources New South Wales NP&W SA SA Department for Environment and Heritage NTGS Northern Territory Geological Survey PIRSA Primary Industries and Resources South Australia pmd*CRC Predictive Mineral Discovery Cooperative Research Centre SG2 Specialist Group in Solid Earth Geophysics SSCUA Seismic Structure of the Continent Under Antarctica UWA University of Western Australia RSES Research School of Earth Sciences, ANU


ANSIR Contact Details General Enquiries Email [email protected] ANSIR Director: Prof. B. L. N. Kennett, Research School of Earth Sciences Australian National University Canberra ACT 0200 Phone: 02 6125 4621 Fax: 02 6257 2737 Email [email protected] ANSIR Deputy Director: Dr Bruce Goleby Geoscience Australia GPO Box 378 Canberra ACT 2601 Phone 02 6249 9404 Fax: 02 6249 9972 Email [email protected] ANSIR Executive Officer: Tim Barton. Geoscience Australia GPO Box 378 Canberra ACT 2601 Phone 02 6249 9625 Fax: 02 6249 9972 Email [email protected] Mrs Mary McDonald (Finance Officer) Research School of Earth Sciences Australian National University Canberra ACT 0200 Tel 02 6125 2610 Fax 02 6125 0738 Email [email protected] Mr Steven Sirotjuk (Assistant Operations Manager) Research School of Earth Sciences Australian National University Canberra ACT 0200 Tel 02 6125 4922 Fax 02 6257 2737 Email [email protected] ANSIR website: http://rses.anu.edu.au/seismology/ANSIR/ansir.html









LEGACY DATASETS: ANSIR is the custodian of BMR, AGSO and Geoscience Australia onshore controlled source seismic datasets acquired since 1949. Details of seismic lines may be obtained using the Geoscience Australia on-line mapping tool at: http://www.ga.gov.au/map/national/ ANSIR Seismic Reflection Data Officer: David Johnstone Geoscience Australia GPO Box 378 Canberra ACT 2601 Phone 02 6249 9446 Fax: 02 6249 9972 Email [email protected]


http://www.ga.gov.au/map/national/


APPENDIX 1 ANSIR SEISMIC EQUIPMENT

SEISMIC REFLECTION ACQUISITION SYSTEM: ARAM24 (24 bit Delta-Sigma) comprising the following components:

GPS True-time option 48 x RAM units @ 8 channels per RAM (384 channels) 4 x CRU Line Interface Cards 5 x Line Tap Units (LTU) 80 x 24V 12 AH Battery Packs 65 x ARAM24 Telemetry cable with 8 takeouts @ 43m 10 x ARAM24 Telemetry cable with 4 takeouts @ 40m 10 x ARAM24 Telemetry baseline cable 348m 5 x ARAM24 Telemetry baseline cable 105m 46 x ARAM24 Telemetry cable with 8 takeouts @ 12.5m

For technical specifications see: Geo-X website http://www.aram.com/ ENERGY SOURCES Vibroseis:

4 x IVI Birdwagen Mk 4b with Hemi-60 Vibrator 60,000 lb P-wave Vibrators.

1 x IVI T15000 truck mounted Minivib 6,000 lb P and S-wave, 10 to 500Hz. (This vibrator may also be interfaced with other seismic systems eg Strataview)

For technical specifications see: Industrial Vehicles International website: http://www.indvehicles.com/ Explosives:

Pelton ShotPro Dynamite radio firing system. For technical specifications see: Pelton website http://www.peltonco.com/Docs/shotpro.html VIBRATOR ELECTRONICS:

Pelton Advance II Vibrator Controller For technical specifications see: Pelton website http://www.peltonco.com/Docs/documentation.html GEOPHONES: 432 x Strings of 12 x GS-32CT 10 Hz, 395 ohm vertical, 4m spacing (6S x 2P) in PC-801-LPC case. 200 x Strings of 4 x GS-32CT 10 Hz 395 ohm vertical, 4m spacing (2S x 2P) in PC-801-LPC case. 144 x Strings of 4 (2S x 2P) GS-20DH 40 Hz 600 ohm vertical in PC-21 case. 144 x Single GS-100 100 Hz 975 ohm vertical in PC-801-LPC case.


http://www.aram.com/

http://www.indvehicles.com/

http://www.peltonco.com/Docs/shotpro.html

http://www.peltonco.com/Docs/documentation.html

120 x 14 Hz Single 3 component GS-20DM 14 Hz geophones, PC-3D case For technical specifications see: Geospace website http://www.geospacelp.com/ 1 x SENSOR SMT 200 geophone tester For technical specifications see:http://www.geosys.co.jp/GEO/Sensor/img/SMT-200.pdf 2 x Geostuff BHG-3, Borehole Geophone, 3 component with fluxgate compass servo orientation system and motor driven, wall-lock mechanism, 80m cable. For technical specifications see: http://www.georadar.com/geophone.htm FACILTIES MANAGER: Field operations for the ANSIR reflection seismic facility are carried out by: Terrex Seismic Pty. Ltd. Unit 2, 1st Floor, 37 Howson Way, Bibra Lake, Western Australia 6163 Phone: 08 9434 4388 Fax: 08 9434 5211 Email address: [email protected] PORTABLE INSTRUMENT COMPONENT: From July 1, 2002 the instrumentation available includes both equipment bought with the ANSIR capital grant and equipment owned by the Research School of Earth Sciences, ANU (when not required by ANU researchers) SHORT PERIOD RECORDERS 50 x 16 bit recording units -

Solid state, 80 Mb flash card memory 1 Hz seismometer 4.5 Hz three-component geophone

35 x 13 bit recording units Solid state, 80 Mb flash card memory 1 Hz seismometer

BROAD BAND SYSTEMS - (based in Australia) 12 x Earth Data recorders

24 bit, 3 channel 9 Gbyte disc storage Solar power assembly

7 x Nanometrics Orion recorders

24 bit, 3-channel 2 Gybte disc storage Solar power assembly

10 x Reftek 72A-07 recorders

24 bit, 3-channel 18 Gybte disc storage Solar power assembly

4 x Reftek 72A-02 recorders


http://www.geospacelp.com/

http://www.geosys.co.jp/GEO/Sensor/img/SMT-200.pdf

http://www.georadar.com/geophone.htm


16 bit, 6 channel 2 Gbyte disc Solar power assembly

BROAD BAND SEISMOMETERS

4 x Streckeisen STS2 seismometers 12 x Guralp CMG-3ESP seismometers 15 x Guralp CMG-40T seismometers 2 x Nanometrics Trillium seismometers 10 x Guralp CMG3ESP seismometers BROAD BAND SYSTEMS - (based in Antarctica) 7 x Nanometrics Orion recorders

24 bit, 3-channel Dual solar power assembly 2 Gybte disc storage

6 x Guralp CMG3ESP seismometers 1 x Streckeisen STS2 seismometer


annual report 2003 / 2004ansir.org.au/ar/annualreport2003-2004_ · report of the ansir management...

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