ansi hard hat requirement
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ab Safety Supply - EZ Facts Safety Info - Document #241, Hard Hat Requirements
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Hard Hat Requirements
Document Number: 241
Referenced in the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) Title 29 is OSHA's guidelines for Occupational HeadProtection (1910.135). This OSHA standard refers to American National Standards Institute (ANSI)guidelines for its performance criteria. This document will provide an overview of the OSHA standard andANSI guidelines that govern occupational head protection.
Occupational Head Protection
29 CFR 1910.135(a)(1) states, "Each affected employee shall wear protective helmets when working in
areas where there is a potential for injury to the head from falling objects." The standard also coversconditions where electrical hazards are present. 1910.135(a)(2) states, "Protective helmets designed toreduce electrical shock hazard shall be worn by each such affected employee when near exposed electricalconductors which could contact the head."
The OSHA standard does not identify specific occupations or applications where head protection is required.It does, however, address the topic under a non-mandatory appendix (Appendix B to Subpart I—Non-Mandatory Compliance Guidelines for Hazard Assessment and Personal Protective Equipment Selection).Part (9) of the appendix states, "Some examples of occupations for which head protection should beroutinely considered are: carpenters, electricians, lineman, mechanics and repairers, plumbers and pipefitters, assemblers, packers, wrappers, sawyers, welders, laborers, freight handlers, timber cutting andlogging, stock handlers, and warehouse laborers." The appendix also provides examples of generalapplications where head protection should be worn.
In terms of what constitutes a "protective helmet," 1910.135 makes a distinction between hard hats
purchased prior to July 5, 1994, and hats purchased after this date. Helmets purchased after July 5, 1994,must comply with the performance guidelines in the ANSI Z89.1-1986, American National Standard forPersonal Protection—Protective Headwear for Industrial Workers Requirements. Hats obtained before thisdate must comply with the 1969 version of the ANSI standard (ANSI Z89.1-1969).
Requirements of ANSI Z89.1-1986
Before discussing the components of the ANSI standard, it's important to first make a distinction betweenprotective helmets (more commonly know as hard hats) and bump caps. Bump caps do not comply withthe ANSI guidelines and are not acceptable for occupations or applications where OSHA requires an
ANSI-compliant hard hat.
The ANSI standard separates protective helmets into different types and classes. The standard identifiesType 1 and Type 2 helmets. Type 1 helmets incorporate a full brim (the brim fully encircles the dome of the
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ab Safety Supply - EZ Facts Safety Info - Document #241, Hard Hat Requirements
hat); Type 2 helmets have no encircling brim, but may include a short bill on the front (similar to a baseballcap). Rarely will you find hard hat types identified in the compliance lines of product literature, since theType 2 hat is the predominate style in use today. However, be aware that a choice is available; which typeyou select depends on your specific application or working situation.
In terms of electrical performance, ANSI recognizes three classes:
Class A Helmets are intended to reduce the force of impact of falling objects and toreduce the danger of contact with exposed low-voltage electrical conductors. Forcertification, sample shells are proof-tested at 2200 volts of electrical charge.
Class B Helmets are intended to reduce the force of impact of falling objects and toreduce the danger of contact with exposed high-voltage electrical conductors. Sampleshells are proof-tested at 20,000 volts.
Class C Helmets are intended to reduce the force of impact of falling objects, but offer noelectrical protection.
Note: The voltages stated in Classes A and B are not intended to be an indication of the voltage at whichthe headgear protects the wearer.
In addition to electrical protection, hard hats are also tested for impact and penetration resistance fromblows to the top of the head, flammability resistance, and water absorption. The rigorous testingrequirements are described in detail within the standard.
Every hard hat conforming to the requirements of ANSI Z89.1-1986 must be appropriately marked to verifyits compliance. The following information must be marked inside the hat:
•The manufacturer's name•The legend, "ANSI Z89.1-1986"•The class designation (A, B or C)
In 1997 ANSI published a revision to its Z89.1 protective head wear standard. While the revision, ANSI Z89.1(1997), has not yet been adopted into 29 CFR 1910.135, it does contain some notable changes. Therevision eliminated the old Type 1 and Type 2 (full brim vs. no encircling brim) design designations. In thenew standard, "Type" is used to designate whether a helmet provides protection strictly from blows to thetop of the head (Type I) or protection from blows to both the top and sides of the head (Type II).
In addition, the new standard also changed the alpha designations for the classes of electrical performance.Under Z89.1(1997), the following three classes are recognized:
q Class G (General) Helmets--This is equivalent to the old Class A. Class G helmets are prooftested at 2200 volts.
q Class E (Electrical) Helmets--This is equivalent to the old Class B. Class E helmets are prooftested at 20,000 volts.
q Class C (Conductive) Helmets--This class provides no electrical insulation; the alpha designationdid not change from the old standard.
Hard hats must also contain user information under the 1997 standard. In addition to the manufacturer'sname, ANSI legend and class designation, Z89.1(1997) compliant helmets must be marked with the date ofmanufacture. Instructions pertaining to sizing, care and service life guidelines must also accompany the hardhat.
One common misconception is that hard hats have a predetermined service life--this is not the case. Boththe 1986 and 1997 ANSI standards address service life under maintenance and care of the hard hat. Thosestandards state that all hard hat components should be inspected daily for signs of dents, cracks,
penetration and any damage due to impact, rough treatment, or wear. any hard hat that fails the visualinspection should be removed from service until the problem is corrected.
In addition to everyday wear and tear, ultra violet (UV) radiation can pose a problem for hats constructed ofplastic materials. Damage caused by UV radiation is easy to spot: the hat will lose its glossy finish andeventually take on a chalky appearance. Further degradation could cause the shell to actually start flakingaway. Once the effects of UV radiation are detected, the hard hat shell should be immediately replaced.
In 2003, ANSI published a revision to the Z89.1-1997 standard. The most significant changes from the 1997version were made to harmonize with other national standards for head protection that test and evaluateequipment performance. In addition, many physical requirements for helmet components that do not provideadded user value or that limited design or performance have been removed.
Sources for More Information
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ab Safety Supply - EZ Facts Safety Info - Document #241, Hard Hat Requirements
OSHA 29 CFR 1910.135,
Occupational Head Protection Standard
ANSI Z89.1-1986,American National Standard for Personal Protection—Protective Headwear for
Industrial Workers
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Please Note: The information contained in this publication is intended for general information purposes only.This publication is not a substitute for review of the applicable government regulations and standards, andshould not be construed as legal advice or opinion. Readers with specific questions should refer to the citedregulation or consult with an attorney.
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