Antebellum America

Overview

Transportation

• Canals• Roads & Turnpikes (National Road)• Railroads– North and West– Missing in the South

Migration

• Population pressure in East• Economic pressure in East• Availability of new lands• Decline of Indian Resistance• New states with more voting rights (Indiana,

Mississippi, Illinois, Alabama)

Sectionalism

• North• South• West

Era of Good Feelings

• Rising nationalism after War of 1812 (Battle of New Orleans)

• President Monroe (end to party politics) – deliberately included northerners & southerners in his cabinet

• Florida – Seminole War, Adams-Onis Treaty

Missouri Compromise

• Missouri would have unbalanced North/South levels in the Senate

• Missouri Compromise – Maine = free state, Missouri = slave state

• Slavery banned north of the 36º30’ line• JUST A BANDAID!

1824 Election

• William Crawford• John Quincy Adams• Henry Clay• Andrew Jackson• “corrupt bargain”

Henry Clay – American System

• Home market for factory & farm products• Raise the protective tariff• Strengthen national bank• Finance internal improvements

John Quincy Adams - disappointment

• Political strife• Tariff of Abominations• Election of 1828 – AGE OF JACKSON– Jackson’s supporters = Democratic Republicans– Adams’ supporters – National Republicans

Jacksonian America – Key Points

• President of the Common Man• King Mob• Calhoun & Nullification• Peggy Eaton• Indian Removal• BUS• King Andrew

Indian Removal

• 5 Civilized Tribes (Cherokee, Creek, Seminole, Chicksaw, and Choctaw)

• Cherokee resistance• Oklahoma “Great American Desert”• Seminole resistance under Osceola

Whigs v. Democrats

• Whigs– Henry Clay– Expand federal government power– Encourage industrial & commercial development– Consolidate economic system– Cautious about westward expansion– Favored by merchants & industrialists

• Democrats– Smaller merchants and workingmen of Northeast– Southern planters– Westerners who opposed a national bank

After Jackson

• Martin Van Buren– Panic of 1837

• William Henry Harrison– Log Cabin Campaign – Whig Victory

• John Tyler (closet Democrat)– Aroostook War – Webster–Ashburton Treaty of

1842

Manifest Destiny

• Expansionist movement• Divine mission to extend American power &

civilization• Nationalism• Population increase• Rapid economic development• Technological advances• Reform Ideals

Texas

• Stephen Austin• Santa Anna• Lone Star Republic• The Texas Question

The Other Expansion Question

• Oregon• California

James Polk – The Manifest Destiny President!

• Election of 1844 – He was the dark horse.• Fifty-four Forty or Fight!• Annexation of Texas (under Polk)• Compromise on Oregon• War with Mexico• Zachary Taylor and the Rio Grande• California’s independence

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

• Rio Grande = border of Texas• California & New Mexico for $15 million• Wilmot Proviso – attempt to ban slavery in

territories gained from War with Mexico – failed

• Gadsden Purchase – land for the Transcontinental Railroad