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PA-23, 1230-1300 MHz, 13 dBi, 36 /33, EUR 57.5http://www.wimo.de/

http://www. magnavision.de/

TN-600 Panel UHFUHF-TV Transmitter Antenna

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http://www.wimo.de Gain is relative to crossed dipole

Crossed Yagi antennas for circular polarization andrighthanded and lefthanded helical antennas

Helical/helix antenna cookbook recipe for 2.4 GHz wavelans and/or WiFi applications

The helix antenna, invented in the late forties by John Kraus (W8JK), can be considered as the genious ultimate simplicity as far as antenna design is concerned. Especially for frequencies in the range 2-5 GHz this design is very easy, practical, and, non critical. This contribution describes how to produce a helix antenna for frequencies around 2.4 GHz which can be used for e.g. high speed packet radio (S5-PSK, 1.288 Mbit/s), 2.4 GHz wavelans, and, amateur satellite (AO40). Developments in wavelan equipment result in easy possibilities for high speed wireless internet access using the 802.11b (aka WiFi) standard. http://helix.remco.tk/ Dr. Remco den Besten, PA3FYM

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MESSENGER

The first electronically scanned phased-array antennafor a deep-space telecommunication application.

The MESSENGER (MErcury Surface, Space ENvironment, GEochemistry, and Ranging)spacecraft antenna array, consisting of eight slotted waveguides.

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http://www.wimo.deDish price 39.90 EUR

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Exciter for dish, circular polarization

http://www.wimo.dePrice 67 EUR

Arecibo 305 m radio telescope

Spherical (not parabolic) reflector 305 m (1000 feet) in diameter, 167 feet deep, of almost 40,000 perforated aluminum panels. Operates from 50 MHz (6 m) up to 10 GHz (3 cm). 1 MW planetary radar transmitter. The largest curved focusing antenna on the planet, the world's most sensitive radio telescope.

Studies the properties of planets, comets and asteroids. In our Galaxy it detects the faint pulses emitted hundreds of times per second from pulsars. And from the farthest reaches of the Universe quasars and galaxies emit radio waves which arrive at earth 100 million years later as signals so weak that they can only be detected by a giant eye like this one.

NASA Deep Space Network

70 m, 34 m, 26 m parabolic reflectors, up to 400 kW of power, 20 kW S-band (2-4 GHz) transmitter to command Voyager-1 and Voyager-2 spacecrafts

NASA's Deep Space Network (DSN) is a collection of antennas at three sites around the globe used to communicate with interplanetaryspacecraft missions.

PresenterPresentation NotesFeet = 381/1250 m = 0.3048 m

(VLA)

VLA New Mexico

The VLA is an interferometer; this means that it operates by multiplying the data from each pair of telescopes together to form interference patterns.

PresenterPresentation NotesFeet = 381/1250 m = 0.3048 m

RFID ImplantAntenna

RFID ImplantAntenna

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analog TV: low-VHF 54-88 MHz, high-VHF 174-216 MHz, UHF 470-606 MHz

digital TV: UHF < 698 MHz

Silver Sensor (log-periodic)

SquareShooter

ClearStream2

WLAN

Internetwork RoamingSeamless end-to-end Service

Satellite

Global

Suburban Urban

In- Building

Pico-Cell

Micro-Cell

Macro-Cell

Audio/visual Terminals

Home-Cell

Source:ITU

Omni directional Directional patch

Yagi

Wireless Antenna Connectors

external antenna, antenna cabling, RG-213, LMR-400

access pointssuch as the linksys WAP11

PCI wireless cardsBelkin F5D6001 or Netgear MA311

pcmcia cards like the Buffalo WLI-PCM-L11G

N-Connector RP-TNC RP-SMA MC (Lucent) Connector

Wireless Technologies Map100

Mbp

s 10

1

0.1

WANLANPANLast 10 Feet Last MileLast 60 -100 Feet

Bluetooth/802.15

Ethernet

802.11bCable Modem

ADSL

3G Cellular/PCS

HomeRF

2G Cellular/PCS

Fixed Wireless(All Categories)

Characteristics of selected wireless link standards

384 Kbps

56 Kbps

54 Mbps

5-11 Mbps

1 Mbps802.15

802.11b802.11{a,g}

IS-95 CDMA, GSM

UMTS/WCDMA, CDMA2000

.11 p-to-p link

2G

3G

Indoor

10 30m

Outdoor

50 200m

Mid rangeoutdoor

200m 4Km

Long rangeoutdoor

5Km 20Km

InterferenceSignal Interference Other 2.4 GHz equipment (Cordless Phones/Speakers/Rogue Access Points) Radio/Cellular

Amateur radio, et al, can have licensed operation in2.4GHz bands Humidity/Dampness/Water X-Ray/MRI/Lab Equipment Newer radio based fluorescent lighting Intercom Systems Fire/Security Alarm Systems Computer Equipment High Voltage Microwave OvensPhysical Interference Walls Shelving Shielding (Lead lined walls, Firewalls) Paints/Wall Coverings

PresenterPresentation NotesSome interference is very obvious and can be accounted for. Others are best found, tested and confirmed by doing a Site Survey. Even those that you know exist should be tested to see what impact they have. Sometimes just rotating or moving an access point a few feet can make a big difference.

Enterprise Configuration

PAN(Personal Area

Network)

LAN(Local Area Network)

WAN(Wide Area Network)

MAN(Metropolitan Area Network)

PAN LAN MAN WAN

Standards Bluetooth 802.11HiperLAN2802.11

MMDS, LMDSGSM, GPRS,

CDMA, 2.5-3G

Speed < 1Mbps 11 to 54 Mbps 11 to 100+ Mbps 10 to 384Kbps

Range Short Medium Medium-Long Long

Applications Peer-to-PeerDevice-to-Device Enterprise networksT1 replacement, last

mile accessMobile Phones,

cellular data

Wireless Technologies

PresenterPresentation NotesA Personal Area Network is the interconnection of information technology devices within the range of an individual person, typically within a range of 10 meters. (Retrieved May 21, 2003, from http://searchmobilecomputing.techtarget.com/sDefinition/0,,sid40_gci546288,00.html)A Local Area Network is a group of computers and associated devices that share a common communications line or wireless link within a small geographic area. (Retrieved May 21, 2003, from http://searchnetworking.techtarget.com/sDefinition/0,,sid7_gci212495,00.html)A Metropolitan Area Network is a network that interconnects users with computer resources in a geographic area or region larger than that covered by even a large local area network but smaller than the area covered by a wide area network. The term is applied to the interconnection of networks in a city into a single larger network. It is also used to mean the interconnection of several local area networks by bridging them with backbone lines. The latter usage is also sometimes referred to as a campus network. (Retrieved May 21, 2003, from http://searchnetworking.techtarget.com/sDefinition/0,,sid7_gci214083,00.html)A Wide Area Network is a geographically dispersed telecommunications network. (Retrieved May 21, 2003, from http://searchnetworking.techtarget.com/sDefinition/0,,sid7_gci214117,00.html)

What is WLAN?

802.11b (2Mbps typical) best interoperability today

802.11g standard completed May 2003 supposedly better security but still uses WEP

802.11anew standard UNII1 and UNII 2 less interference, more channels (10) , does not currently interoperate with 802.11b / g

802.11N NEXT new standard 100Mbps targeted for high bandwidth apps like HDTV or streaming video. Utilizes MIMO, spectrum still in debate.

PresenterPresentation NotesNode - In networks, a processing location. A node can be a computer or some other device, such as a printer. Every node has a unique network address, sometimes called a Data Link Control (DLC) address or Media Access Control (MAC) address.

Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing Typically, OFDM, a spread-spectrum technology that gives wireless networking a new physical (PHY) layer, is implemented in embedded chipsets made up of radio transceivers, Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) processors, system input/output (I/O), serial to parallel and back again translators and OFDM logic. In practice, the OFDM chipset bundles data over narrowband carriers transmitted in parallel at different frequencies. High bandwidth is achieved by using these "parallel subchannels (aka sub-carriers) that areas closely spaced as possible in frequency without overlapping/interfering, according to Dr. Douglas Jones, Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering atUniversity of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. By being orthogonal, they have no overlap, and thus do not interfere at all with each other. Orthogonal means that they are perpendicular, but in a mathematical, rather than a spatial, sense."

802.11a: 5 GHz, 54 Mbps 802.11b: 2.4 GHz, 11 Mbps 802.11d: Multiple regulatory domains 802.11e: Quality of Service (QoS) 802.11f: Inter-Access Point Protocol (IAPP) 802.11g: 2.4 GHz, 54 Mbps 802.11h: Dynamic Frequency Selection (DFS) and

Transmit Power Control (TPC) 802.11i: Security 802.11j: Japan 5 GHz Channels (4.9-5.1 GHz) 802.11k: Measurement

WLAN IEEE 801.11 Standards: WiFi

PresenterPresentation Notes802.11x refers to a group of wireless local area network standards that are still being developed as part of overall IEEE 802.11 standard. As of March 2003, these incomplete standards were:

802.11e - Quality of Service 802.11f - Access Point Interoperability 802.11h - Interference 802.11i- Security

M radius ofcoverage

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M

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Master device

Slave device

Parked device (inactive)P

802.15: personal area network less than 10 m diameter replacement for cables (mouse,

keyboard, headphones) ad hoc: no infrastructure master/slaves:

slaves request permission to send (to master)

master grants requests 802.15: evolved from

Bluetooth specification 2.4-2.5 GHz radio band up to 721 kbps

...