Antimicrobial

Manhasset Science Research

Jean Cheng Period 4

Need

http://www.scielo.br/img/revistas/bjm/v39n4/arq27_fig01.jpg

Figure 1: Antimicrobial drugs resistance pattern of urinary E. coli from Southern Brazil

Knowledge Base

Figure 2: Chemical formula for Penicillinhttp://itech.dickinson.edu/chemistry/wp-content/uploads/2008/04/penicillin-core1.png

Knowledge Base (cont)

Figure 3: Tea tree’s terpene chemical formula

http://www.wacker.com/cms/appL/mdm_images/R67_IV-1_-432011277_8959.jpg

Figure 4: Pectin Chemical formula

http://sci-toys.com/ingredients/pectin_2.gif

Figure 5: Aloe verahttp://apps.who.int/medicinedocs/fr/d/Js2200e/5.html

Knowledge Base (cont)

Figure 6:Chemical Change in Allicin subjected to different conditions. (Ariga, et al. 2008)

http://media-2.web.britannica.com/eb-media/33/7433-004-96DFD197.gif

Literature Review

Literature Review (cont)

Figure 7: Antimicrobial activity of aloe vera gel (Alemdar, et al. 2009)

http://media-2.web.britannica.com/eb-media/33/7433-004-96DFD197.gif

Literature Review (cont)

Figure 8:Yuzu fruit seed oil on different microobials (Nakazono, et al. 2006)

Nakazono, G. Studies on Antimicrobial and Antioxidative Substance of Yuzu (Citrus junos hort. ex Tanaka) Seed. Journal of Biological Sciences. Vol 1. p 135-139, 2006

Literature Review (cont)

Figure 9:12 different essential oil on different species of bacteria.

Rusenova, Ishiwa. Antimicrobial Activities of Twelve Essential Oils Against Microorganisms of Veterinary Importance. Trankia Journal of Sciences. Vol 7. p37-43, 2009

Purpose

Find which natural substance is best in inhibiting E. coli.

Null Hypothesis: No effectAlternative Hypothesis: Tea tree oil is the

best antimicrobial substance against E. coli

MethodologyThe comparing of different essential oils to different antibiotic food substance on E. Coli

Essential oil and antibiotic plant substanceN=12

Garlic (allicin)N=3

Tea Tree oilN=3

Petri dish, E.coli, filter paper, glass spreader

Disc diffusion assay method

SPSS ANOVA Test

Aloe (anthraquinones)N=3

Yuzu fruit oilN=3

Millimeter

Protocols

Bacteria on agar

Inhibited Zone(mm)

Paper disk with substance being tested

Figure 10: Disk Diffusion method

http://diverge.hunter.cuny.edu/~weigang/Images/20-17_diskdiffusion.jpg

Do-Ability

Not expensivedoesn’t require large amount of spaceSome materials found in lab or

supermarketCan be finished in 3 daysE. coli is needed as well as agar, aloe, tea

tree, yuzu, and garlic

Budget

Vendor Cat# pg Item Qty Unit$ Total$Carolina 124400 Escherichia coli, Living, 5 mL 1 $9.20 $9.20Carolina 821040 Tryptic Soy Agar Media Kit 1 $26.95 $26.95Carolina 703413 Glass Spreader 1 $4.70 $4.70Ward 86 V 5900 Aloe Living Specimen 1 $7.95 $7.95

$48.80

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•Chen, Tao. Triclocarban Enhances Testoterone Action: a New Type of Endocrine Disruptor?. Endocrinology journal. Vol 1. p 10-27, 2007

•Cuttle, Leila. The efficacy of Aloe vera, tea tree oil and saliva as fist aid treatment for partial thickness burn injuries. Elsevier Journal. Vol 1. pg 1176-1182. 2008

•Davis. D. "Antibacterial Chemical Disrupts Hormone Activities, Study Finds." ScienceDaily 8 December 2007. 3 May 2009 <http://www.sciencedaily.com /releases/2007/12/071207150713.htm>.

Bibliography (cont)

Freeman, Frachesco. Garlic chemistry: stability of s-(2-propenyl)-2-propene-1-sulfinothioate (allicin) in blood, solvents, and simulated physiological fluids. J. Agric. Food Chem. Journal. Vol 43 pg2332-2338, 1995.Fulder, Stephen. Garlic: nature's original remedy. 2nd ed. United States: Inner Traditions / Bear & Company, 2000.Ingram, Cass. Tea Tree Oil: The Natural Antiseptic. 1st ed. United States: Knowledge House, 1999.Koizum. Love That Garlic? Fresh May Be Healthier Than Bottled : Diallyl sulfides in garlic activate both TRPA1 and TRPV1. Biochemical and biophysical research communications journal. Vol 19. p929-934, 2009Lawson L.D, Characterization of the formation of allicin and other thiosulfinates from garlic. Planta Medical Journal. Vol 58. pg345-350, 1992.Macpherson, Casey. The Pungency of Garlic: Actiation of TRPA1 and TRPV1 in Response to Allicin. Current Biology Journal. Vol 15, p929-934, 2005Nagane, N. Efficacy of Topical Honey Therapy Against Silver Sulphadizine Treatment in Burns; A biochemical study.Indian Journal of Clinical Biochemistry,Vol 19#2. pg 173-176. 2004Nakazono, G. Studies on Antimicrobial and Antioxidative Substance of Yuzu (Citrus junos hort. ex Tanaka) Seed. Journal of Biological Sciences. Vol 1. p 135-139, 2006Rusenova, Ishiwa. Antimicrobial Activities of Twelve Essential Oils Against Microorganisms of Veterinary Importance. Trankia Journal of Sciences. Vol 7. p37-43, 2009Shashikanth, K.N. Effect of feeding raw and boiled garlic (Allium sativum l.) on the growth, caecal microflora and serum proteins of albino rats. Nutrition Reports Int. Journal. Vol33(2) pg 313-319. 1986Society for General Microbiology. "Tea Tree Oil And Silver Together Make More Effective Antiseptics." ScienceDaily 6 April 2009. 3 May 2009 <http://www.sciencedaily.com /releases/2009/03/090329205453.htm>.Tao. Cho. Chemical Composition of Essential Oil From The Peel of Satsuma Mandarin. Journal of Natural Sciences. Vol 7(9), p1261-1264,2008