PKC and Memory

Manhasset Science Research

Paris Thatos

NeedLong-term trend in drug-related deaths

(Gotz, 2004)

Percentage of People Experiencing a Mental Disorder in their Lives

(Gallaher, 2007)

Fig 1. Shows trend in drug related deaths. Fig 2. A graph showing % of people experiencing mental disorders

Long Term Potentiation The complex chemical processes that form long-term memories (Cook, 2006)

(Kanehisa, 1999)Fig. 3 The Process of Long Term Potentiation

PKC (Protein Kinase C)

Has many isoforms (PKMzeta,PKMa)(Abel, 2004)

Fig 4. Process of PKC interaction in Long term Potentiation

Olfactory Memory Capacity of the Cricket Gryllus Bimaculatus

Yukihisa Matsumoto, Biology Letters

Yukihisa Matsumoto

Fig 5. Olfactory Preferences of crickets trained to associate Scent A with water reward and Scent B with saline punishment

Bisindolylmaleimide is a Potent and Selective Inhibitor of PKC

Dominique Toullec, The Journal of Biological Chemistry

Toullec, 2005

Fig 6. The concentrations of PKC when exposed to Bisindolylmaleimide, and the concentrations of a PKC isotype

The levels of PKC and PKAThe levels of PKC and PKA

Formation of Long-term Olfactory Memory in the cricket Gryllus bimaculatus Makoto Mizunami,

2005, Chem. Senses

Makoto, 2006

Fig 7. A diagram of the head of the cricket. Brain (In blue) is where PKC is believed to be contained in.

PKMzeta maintains spatial, instrumental and classically conditioned Long term memories

Peter Serano, Todd C. Sacktor

PLoS Biology

(Morris, 2004)

Fig. 8. The Water Maze in a rat. 1st trial to eigth trial, when the rat has successfully memorized the path to the platform

Purpose/Hypothesis

The purpose of this experiment is to see whether Bisindolymaleide disrupts long term memories in Gryllus Bimaculatus when treated with it pre- and post- conditioning

It is hypothesized that with all administeringings of Bisindolymaleide, the formation of memories will be inhibited

Grasshopper (Gryllus Bimaculatus) n=120

Statistically analyzed with a T-test (to find statistic significance) followed by a Scheffe post-hoc test (p<o.o5)

Trained to associate one scent with reward and one scent with

punishmentAlso, trained to run 塗 eat maze�

Control group n=30Reward/Punishment for scent test is water/saline solution Variable group n=30

Reward/Punishment for scent test is water/saline solution (+)

Variable group n=305Min water

Variable group n=30Reward/Punishment for scent test is water/saline solution (+5M), also 5Min water supply

Time spent on each scent is recorded for all groups, and time spent finding cool spot in heat maze also recorded

Protocol Gryllus Bimaclatus scent conditioning Obtaining specific concentration of

Bisindolylmaleimide Exposure to scents to test whether negative or

positive connotations were preserved Recording of time spent on top of each conditioned

scent

Scent Conditioning Scent Testing

(Matsumoto, 2006)

Budget

VendorCatalog

# page/website Description Quantty Unit $ Total $

EMDbiosciences 203290

http://www.emdbiosciences.com

Bisindolylmaleimide I 1 $40.00 $40.00

Carolina 143550 http://carolina.com/Crickets (Living

Adults) 1 $6.75 $6.75

Carolina 143565 http://carolina.com/ House Cricket Food 2 $6.25 $12.50

Carolina 695145 http://carolina.com/ Sense of Smell Kit 1 $49.25 $49.25

Carolina 199606 http://carolina.com/ Plastic Syringe 1 $3.85 $3.85

Carolina 198697 http://carolina.com/ Distilled Water 1 $6.75 $6.75

Carolina 721207 http://carolina.com/ Pyrex Beaker 100ml 4 $3.65 $14.60

Total = $133.70

Do-ability Materials already stocked in lab:

Plastic Syringe

Water

Sodium Chloride

Pyrex Beaker

Materials not stocked can be obtained, and protocols are not particularly complex

Bibliography Olton, D.S., & Samuelson, R.J. (1976). Remembrance of places passed: Spatial memory in

rats. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 2, 97-116. Ling D, Benardo L, Serrano P, Blace N, Kelly M, Crary J, Sacktor T (2002). "Protein kinase

Mzeta is necessary and sufficient for LTP maintenance". Nat. Neurosci. 5 (4): 295-6. Serrano P, Yao Y, Sacktor T (2005). "Persistent phosphorylation by protein kinase Mzeta

maintains late-phase long-term potentiation". J Neurosci 25 (8): 1979-84. Pastalkova E, Serrano P, Pinkhasova D, Wallace E, Fenton A, Sacktor T (2006). "Storage of

spatial information by the maintenance mechanism of LTP". Science 313 (5790): 1141-4 Cooke SF, Bliss TV (2006). "Plasticity in the human central nervous system". Brain 129 (Pt 7):

1659-73 Boron, Walter F. (2005). Medical Physiology: A Cellular And Molecular Approach.

Elsevier/Saunder Clugnet, MC; LeDoux JE (01 Aug 1990). "Synaptic plasticity in fear conditioning circuits:

induction of LTP in the lateral nucleus of the amygdala by stimulation of the medial geniculate body." (PDF). J Neurosci 10 (8): 2818-24.

Sweatt J (1999). "Toward a molecular explanation for long-term potentiation". Learn Mem 6 (5): 399-416.

Toullec, Bisindolylmaleimide is a Potent and Selective Inhibitor of PKC, Biology Letters, p15711 – 15781

Olfactory Memory Capacity of the Cricket Gryllus Bimaculatus, Matsumoto, Biology Letters, volume 4, p608 - 610