“Lagring av Solenergi”

Kasper Moth-Poulsen, PhD, FoAss Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden

Giacomo Ciamician “ The Photochemistry of the Future” Science 1912

“With the relatively small reserves of coal that the past geological epoch have stored for us, it will never be desirable to produce from coal what nature generously offers us through solar energy.”

Okonventionel Solenergilagring

• We have limited resources, for a growing population

• The resources we have will run out during the next 50-100 years

• If we use the fossil fuels we have, we will see major climate, health and ecological effects on earth

• We need to invest in renewable energy… • We need to develop renewable energy

https://www.mm.dk/guide-to-sustain

Giacomo Ciamician “ The Photochemistry of the Future” Science 1912

“With the relatively small reserves of coal that the past geological epoch have stored for us, it will never be desirable to produce from coal what nature generously offers us through solar energy.”

Fornybar Energy mix Tyskland 1990-2011

Vad är problemen?

V-164

I dagsläget installers 36 MW sol panel värje månad I Danmark. 1000 MW förväntas installerad i 2020 (5 gånge urspungligt mål) Målet för hålbar energiproduktion är 35 percent renewable power production (2020) and 100 percent (i 2050). I dagsläget blir 20% av Danmarks el producerad från fornybar energikäl.

Vi behöver utvekla effektiva energi lagringsmetoder för att kunna producera energi när vinden inte bläser eller solen inte skinner

Kemisk Solenergilagring

Biological Systems (photosynthesis)

Artificial Photosynthesis Water Splitting

Molecular Solar Thermal (MOST)

CO2 and H2O to C6H12O6

H2O to H2 and O2

CO2 and H2O to CH3OH

Molecule to Molecule*

Molecular Solar Thermal • Solar Energy Storage • “closed cycle” = 0 emission • Long Term Energy Storage (months-years) • Energy Density Comparable to that of Batteries (but heat)

MOST: basic concepts

Moth-Poulsen, K., Ćoso, D., Börjesson, K., Vinokurov, N., Meier, S., Majumdar, A., Vollhardt, K.P.C., Segalman, R. A., Energy Environ. Sci. 5, 8534-8537, 2012.

Molecular Solar Thermal Device

Solar Lamp (AM 1.5)

Liquid Collection

Outlet

Inlet

Syrringe pump

Microfluidic

Solar Collector Device

Moth-Poulsen, K., Ćoso, D., Börjesson, K., Vinokurov, N., Meier, S., Majumdar, A., Vollhardt, K.P.C., Segalman, R. A., Energy Environ. Sci. 5, 8534-8537, 2012.

Irradiated area ≈ 6.51 cm2

Moth-Poulsen, K., Ćoso, D., Börjesson, K., Vinokurov, N., Meier, S., Majumdar, A., Vollhardt, K.P.C., Segalman, R. A., Energy Environ. Sci. 5, 8534-8537, 2012.

1

Thermocouple

Catalyst

UHV chamber

Thermocouple

Run gram scale, Temperature rise limited by turn over number (TON) of catalyst, ≈ 15-20

0 100 200 300

0.0

0.5

1.0

Tem

pera

tur r

ise /

K

Time / s

Problem: Solar Spectrum Match

Photon up-conversion Energy increase

In Out

The benchmark system

Sensitizer (S): PdOEP (Palladium porphirin)

Annihilator (A): DPA (9,10-diphenylanthracene)

S + hν1 1S* 3S* TET

3A* A TTA

S + hν1 1S* 3S* TET

3A* A TTA

A + 1A* A + hν2

hν1 < hν2

2 hν1

1 hν2

TET = Triplet Energy Transfer TTA = Triplet-Triplet Annihilation

Haefele, A., Blumhoff, J., Khnayzer, R. S. & Castellano, F. N. Getting to the (Square) Root of the Problem: How to Make Noncoherent Pumped Upconversion Linear. J. of Phys. Chem. Let. 3, 299–303 (2012).

Photon up-conversion vi triple-triplet annihilation

Since the process is dependent on the population of triplets, the typical thing to do is to hit it with a big fat LASER

Pd Porphine

TTA up-conversion device for solar fuel production

400 mm2 irradiated area

Device Performance: 130% energy conversion improvement (for λ >495 nm )

Börjesson, Dzebo, Albinsson, Moth-Poulsen „Photon Upconversion Facilitated Molecular Solar Thermal Energy Storage” (submitted)

With up-conversion

Without up-conversion

Summary of MOST work 2012

• Constructed first full-cycle demonstration device • Constructed device that utilizes photon up-conversion

Peter Vollhardt Rachel Segalman Dusan Coso Nikolai Vinokurov Zongrui Hou Charles. B. Harris Justin Lomont

Post doc grant Danish Agency for Science, Technology and Innovation Chalmers Materials, Nano and Energy Area of Advance Swedish Research Council (VR)

Kasper Moth-Poulsen Karl Börjesson Anders Lennartsson Victor Gray Bo Albinsson Damir Dzebo

Chalmers

MIT

Funding:

Arun Majumdar

Berkeley

Argonne

Jeff Grossman Yosuke Kanai (now Univ N. Carolina)

Lin X. Chen Son Nguyen Di-Jia Liu Michael Harpham

Per-Ola Norrby

Victor Gray

Anders Lennartsson Karl Börjesson Yuri Diaz-Fernandez

Amaia Diaz de Zerio Tina Gschneidtner

Alireza Movahedi

Funding: Chalmers Materials, Energy and Nano AoA’s Swedish Research Council (Vetenskapsrådet)

Thank you!

“Lagring av Solenergi”Slide Number 2Slide Number 3Slide Number 4Slide Number 5Slide Number 6Slide Number 7Slide Number 8Kemisk SolenergilagringMolecular Solar ThermalSlide Number 11MOST: basic conceptsSlide Number 13Slide Number 14Slide Number 15Slide Number 16Problem: Solar Spectrum MatchPhoton up-conversionThe benchmark systemPhoton up-conversion vi triple-triplet annihilationSlide Number 21Slide Number 22Slide Number 23Summary of MOST work 2012Slide Number 25Slide Number 26Slide Number 27