What comes to mind when you hear the word change?I think of things being transformed; peoples lives. For instance in my life one of the biggest changes was, I lived in what was then considered a small town up in Alexandria, but now that is a huge thriving area. I went to nursing school and became a nurse, and while I was in nursing school, I met Frank, my husband, and I married him and we had a family, and that was change.

What about the biggest technological change?A technological change would be computers, also telephones. When I was young we had phones that had dials on them, and you had to dial a number around, and now we have all of the ‘super-phones’ and iPhones and things that do so much. Also television has evolved and when I was growing up very few people had television. They were black and white televisions and now we have color televisions and they are more affordable. When I was growing up we had a refrigerator that you had to put a block of ice in to make it cold. And now of course, we have modern refrigerators that make ice themselves. When I was young, automobiles were quite different; they could not go as fast as they do today, they were not as fancy as they are today, and here again not as many people had them.In medicine, antibiotics have been developed to fight infections. Medications from the common head cold to helping them fight cancer. When I was young, people

were so afraid of getting polio, and of course the vaccine came about, and they started giving it to children. Smoking is another thing, it used to be very fashionable to smoke, but now people realize that it’s not good for you, and they don’t smoke for the most part. Some people still do it, because its an addictive habit, but we have come a long way in realizing the dangers in smoking.

What has been the best change over your lifetime?In our society, with the civil rights movement. Black people couldn’t vote, they weren’t treated well. The town where I grew up, there would be a public place like at the train station there was a bathroom that said coloreds only, so they couldn’t even use the same public facilities.

We didn’t go to the same schools, and now we do, and that is a very valuable change because they are human beings, and they are just the same as we are, and they deserve to have the same rights as we do. For women, when I was young, women worked because during WWII a lot of women worked because they were in the service and women couldn’t be in the army unless they were a nurse or a driver. So women’s rights have come a long way. Things have improved greatly for women.

What has been the worst change over your lifetime?Global Warming. The fact that in many cases we have abused the environment. Factories would pollute the water and the air. I feel the way we have abused the environment is probably the worst change in my lifetime.

In a few sentences what has life taught you about change?Life has taught me that change is continually happening. You used to think I’ll grow up and I’ll do this, well you grow up and you do that and go into another phase of life. So life is change, we are always transforming, we are always going forward. I always feel that the best is yet to be. Some people my age, because I’m 72, feel they are old and cant contribute much, but they can. We are always transforming ourselves and growing and getting better. There are always things we can do even if we cant do it physically we can do it by caring and being understanding and kind and loving.

“Life is change, we are always transforming, we are always going forward. I always feel that the best is yet to be”

Margret Schwall on Past, Present and Future Change

Interviewed by Adam Schwall

Margret was a Nurse for

most of her life, as well as a

mother.

Schwall Adam Monday, June 10, 2013 10:47:34 AM ET

What is the biggest change you have witnessed

in society? At least in the U.S. trying to accept a whole different people despite their race color and religion. It is a lot better than when I was born

What do you think was the b i g g e s t t e c h n o l o g i c a l change?Obviously the biggest thing was cellular telephones. The smartphone that every man can carry in his pocket that has more computer programing than they had to send a man to the moon.

Have these changes made life for the better or for worse?Well... ultimately for the better. The more people can communicate with one another, the more you can look up on the web, the more you can know what is going even there are problems with that ultimately everybody will be better off in the long run.

What do you think is the greatest problem that faces society today?Our pessimism and thinking that things are terrible; that things are awful and just a lack of history and knowing what was going on in history.

Why do you think this problem is important?People have to know more about the past and be more optimistic about the future.

Do you think that society can overcome this challenge?We always have in the past. We have no choice.

In 50 years from now what do you think will be the grea te s t cha l l enge for society?How can the future be so wonderful yet so terrible? People won’t realize where they are standing.In 50 years from now there will be other challenges. Whats nice about the world in 50 years from now 25% of the things I think will happen won’t happen and 25% of the things I can't even imagine will happen will h a p p e n a n d e v e n t u a l l y everything will be better for everybody.and hopefully we’ll be able to get rid of some of our tribal concepts which are destroying the world now.

What has life taught you about change?That it’s important.

What is your definition of change?N o t h i n g i s t h e s a m e continuing different. It is not really for good or bad it is just that things aren't the same as they were.

What will be the biggest technological change in 50 years from now?I n s t e a d o f h a v i n g a smartphone in your hand you will have it in your head all the apps and everything.

What will be the biggest change in medicine in 50 years from now?Diseases are identified by yourself and your genetic code and treated personally. It will all be on the computer.

CHANGE IS A CHALLENGERonald Schwartz

Interviewed by Adam Wolf

Ronald Schwartz has served as a

surgeon in the Navy.

Wolf Adam Monday, June 10, 2013 10:29:39 AM ET

What has your life taught you about what change is?I think that society is moving forward, and we are going from just a human type of existence to a technical type of life.

What has been the biggest change that you have seen through your life?Technology, Computerizing almost everything. For example they have done away with the typewriter, they have done away with a lot of human thought, in regards to mathematics. Kids in school donʼt understand mathematics in school anymore because they have machines to do things for them. They are doing away with the thought process, and the skill process.Do you see any ways that this change is for the better?Yes, it has made things a lot easier and far more convenientAnd in what ways has this change been negative?Well this new technology seems to have taken the human aspect out of life, and people no longer need to think, pretty soon they will take away our brains, people wonʼt need their brains anymore because technology will be so advanced.

You have spent most of your life in New York for most of your life, what is the greatest change you have seen in New York? Well I think probably air conditioning. Back then we did not have air conditioning. You know things like air conditioning and television have really changed the way people live. All the things that we see as necessities we didnʼt have. Yes it has made life easier and more convenient but at the same time, it has brought people apart and now we donʼt even talk to each other because we are all rushing to our own house to watch our favorite program, and nobody talks to each other anymore

Another thing that has changed is the

environment, in your eyes,

how has the environment

changed?We are constantly inventing

new chemicals that grow crops, that kill insects that

kill plants but by doing that, we are killing our

environment.What do you see as a

problem that needs to be addressed in the present?

The economic turmoil. I think that there is a great

deal of unemployment now and its only going to get

bigger. Technology is going to keep taking jobs away

from people and a lot of the skilled or semi skilled

workers are now unimportant because everything has been

replaced.This is definitely a difficult

challenge but we must, like every other problem,

find a solution, so what do you see as the solution to

this problem?I don't think there is one. I

really donʼt know. I don't know when it is going to

end! We are just going to keep moving forward and

people who are semi skilled are just going to be

unemployable. We might just have to slow down our

technology. We have to keep jobs for people. Just look at Europe, in Greece

and Spain, people are running around without jobs and its going to end up with

revolutions and great turmoil.

“TECHNOLOGY HAS DONE AWAY WITH HUMAN INITIATIVE”

Howard Buschin on technology taking over our livesInterviewed by Anand Chitale

Howard refused to

use a computer for over a

decade

Chitale Anand Monday, June 10, 2013 10:30:45 AM ET

Can you explain what life has taught you about change?There is always change and constant change. There is change in food, in politics and all kinds of change all the time. There is change all the time in everything in our society. Throughout my life I have seen a major leap in changes compared to what other people have seen in their lives. I thought the radio was amazing, but now people have phones that can talk to them.

Can you explain what changes you have seen throughout your lifetime? What change has stood out to you the most in your life?We use to have the ice cream man come on a horse and that is a big change to me compared to how kids now get food today. He would also go by peoples house and I would long for an ice cream cone. From when I was a little kid technology wasnʼt that big, but the major change that I have noticed is the way food is stored and delivered.

How old were you when this or another major change occurred?It takes ten years for a change to occur. By the time the that the change is made itʼs already out of date. Many people had auto mobiles and we called the car the summer kitchen. My mother and I would drive up to a lake in Michigan and the brakes on the car failed. We came sailing down a hill out of control and a man told my mother that you canʼt

use the brakes that often and to drive more slowly. So one major change was when people started getting automobiles.

How would the issue with car be handled differently today then when you were a little kid?When I was younger you had to a lot more things on your own than today. In the situation with the car my mother and I had to rely on strangers to help. Unlike today you can just use a telephone to get help from a family member.

At what time did you and everyone else in society notice that a big change was happening and it would change your lives?I remember going to my uncle Ralph's house. We were listening and absolutely amazed that we could hear people talk through a radio. It felt like they were talking to us directly us. I think everyone was amazed by the radio and everyone loved it. Now many people donʼt even use the radio.

ʻIT TAKES TEN YEARS FOR A CHANGE TO OCCUR. BY THE TIME THAT THE CHANGE IS MADE ITʼS ALREADY OUT OF DATE.ʼCharlotte Hemley on the changes since 1919.

Interviewed by BENNY MARCUS

Charlotte worked three jobs at once,

while raising a family

Marcus Benny Monday, June 10, 2013 10:30:03 AM ET

What is your definition of change!It’s for me to be a better person so that I can be a better example for all of the students and to improve myself.What has your life taught you about change!That Tae Kwon Do is a lifestyle and a way to improve who you are.What is the most significant change you have seen in your lifetime!I saw so many other students improving so much from when they begin TKD to when they become black belts, and this is shocking because I didn’t improve as much as I wanted so I trained a little bit harder to become a better person.What is the first thing that comes to mind when you think of this moment!My students and how hard they work.How do you think this change impacted life today!I am honest and try my hardest to be the best at anything I do, because we cannot recapture those moments.Did this moment change your life!Hopefully.Was this change for good, or bad! Why!I don’t think about if it’s good, or bad, I just try to accept it.When did you realize this was happening!When I saw all my students at the belt testings, and when I saw them at the tournament, and the grand championships. When I see that so many of my students succeed, that is when I realized it.Were you in favor of this change!Of course, I loved it.

What is the biggest challenge today!I think it’s that people don’t know the real value of life, so I think that’s the challenge and I hope that everybody knows what is the value of life, and has a goal. Why are you living! Why are you studying! You go to work, but for what! I think that is the biggest challenge.Why is this so important, and how do you think people should react to this!If you have no goal, you don’t know why you’re doing it, you cannot succeed, and you cannot get better.Do you have positive thoughts on how people are taking on this challenge!I hope that people are doing this like me or better than me.Do you feel that people are treating each other with more, or less respect, why!That’s a hard question to answer, because most people are very good, and they respect others, and some people are not. Those that are not, are

that way because they do not set limitations and that’s why I think we have to help those people to become better.What do you think will be the biggest problem in 50 years time!I really wish I knew to prepare for the next years. It could be a lack of understanding selfishness, I think that is possible, but I don’t know.Why will this be so important!I think we should know in the future, but that’s why people need more training.What will humans need to overcome this!The number one thing people must have is self control. Because if you don’t control yourself you can’t control others. Especially in TKD because you can learn kicking techniques, punching techniques, breaking techniques, but the most important technique is self control. I think that is most important.Do you think people will be willing to change for this to happen!I hope so.How do you think people will be treating each other 50 years in the future! Better or worse!Hopefully better.

SELF CONTROL, RESPECT, DISCIPLINEByung Min Kim and Human Traits

Interviewed by Bruno Spinelli

Byung Min Kim was

the U.S Olympic coach

for Tae Kwon Do.

Spinelli Bruno Monday, June 10, 2013 10:29:43 AM ET

In a few sentences, what has life taught you about the idea CHANGE? All I can say of 77 years of living that aliquot living requires the ability to adapt to change. You must change as you move through you life or you will rot.

What has been the most significant change you have witnessed in your lifetime? Its got to be technology in all phases of life: medical, corporate life, media, military, tools etc.What artifact would you point to as representing this change? A simple response to this question is the use of cellphones is Since cellphones english has gotten worse. How has change affected the way people live? People can now stay in touch with family, friends and the office on a 24/seven basis. On the negative side, people are starting to lose the art of composition and social communication.

What was the moment when you recognized this change was occurring or was underway? When my children(5) and my grandchildren(15) come over for dinner or any family occasion the call phones and all technology whip out. This is unnecessary and can be sometimes rude.What is the biggest challenge that currently faces our society? The sluggish US economy and the unemployment rate. What do you believe is the proper response to this challenge? Why? I believe in free market capitalism, less government regulation of interference. Also we as a nation are overtaxed because our government is too big. Looking forward 50 years from this moment, what issue do you believe must be addressed? Our national debt which is unsustainable. We are spending more than we bring in with taxes.

Gennaro Pannesa worked for Metropolitan Life as the Head of Human Resources.

IF YOU DON’T CHANGE WITH THE TIMES YOU WILL BEGIN TO ROT.

Gennaro Pannesa on Change in 1940s to the 21 CenturyInterviewed by Christian Waterhouse

Waterhouse Christian Wednesday, June 12, 2013 8:17:15 AM ET

Waterhouse Christian Wednesday, June 12, 2013 8:17:15 AM ET

What do you think technology is? What type of technology did you have as a kid? What type of technology do you currently own? I think technology is the advancements the human race has made over the years. While growing up I saw the beginning of home television and the old style dial telephone. Today I have a slim TV, a personal computer, IPad and a IPhone.

What was the most significant change in technology? What are the difference of technology when you were a kid? The biggest change I have seen is the size of TVs and telephones. Also, I find it interesting how small and fast things have gotten since I was a kid . The difference of technology when I was a kid is that the size of TVs and telephones. When I was growing up TV screens were very small and the cabinets were as large as a chest of draws and telephones were very big and had a wire connecting the ear and mouth piece to a very large base

that also had a wire connecting it to the wall.

What are the difference of technology when you were a kid? Do you think it helps humans live, work, understand the world? And what effects does it have on humans? The difference of technology when I was a kid is that the size of TVs and telephones. When I was growing up TV screens were very small and the cabinets were as large as a chest of draws and telephones were very big and had a wire connecting the ear and mouth piece to a very large base that also had a wire connecting it to the wall. Today we are living a much

easier life. If you are doing a project or if you want to get information you can just search it up on the internet instead of looking through books. I also feel that life has become much more complicated and more challenging.

What challenges do our society face based on technology? Why is this challenge (using technology) important? What is the proper response to this challenge? As an older person I do like the changes I have seen because it is much easier to do things now than back then when I was a kid. Our society needs to put modern technology to work for the better of mankind for peaceful existence. This challenge is important because if we all learn how to use technology then we can get better and better technology.

In 50 years from now, what issues do you believe must be addressed and fixed in technology? This is a question that only time can answer.

CHANGE IS OUR DAILY HABITS TO ACCOMMODATE THE NEW TECHNOLOGY THAT WE NOW HAVE TODAY.Robert Makoske The changes since he was a kid to the 21 century

Interviewed by Daniel Patrizio

Rebuilt a 1936 Ford

when he was 19 years old

Patrizio Daniel Friday, June 7, 2013 10:40:24 AM ET

! ! ‘The way in which we see things can only get better’ Marsha Wallace on change and the past

What is your definition of change?Change is going form one status to anther status or going from one way of perceiving thing to another way of perceiving things or doing things in a way from doing them in another way. It’s a difference in thinking or doing.

In the past what has been the most significant change in your lifetime?The most significant change in my lifetime is technological change. Which has to do with the way we read and the way we see things and the way we experience and do things. In my day as a young person the most familiar way to connect to people was on the telephone. And now we have this enormous growth of different kinds of methods of communicating with each other that are easier and faster and numerous. The way we had to connect to each other in long distance was something called a telegram which is an obsolete mechanism now. In technology we only had a radio to entertain us and some movies on a very small scale and now we have television and a variety of different movie methods that we can be amused by and entertained by. In technological change you would also have to include travel because all we had going on long distant trips was going by train and now since air travel is so easily accessible you wouldn’t even think of going a place like Chicago from New York by train. Also the advancement of the automobile has been enormous.

Was there a time in your life in which you saw change occurring?When I first saw television was when I realized that change was happening, because now I could do something in my living room that I had to do in a movie house just the year before was amazing. Other than television the invention of flying was probably the biggest change and the most significant change that I would also remember. When I was a really little girl whenever I saw an airplane I would say ‘Lindbergh’! Because it was very unusual to have someone fly in an airplane and what was most amazing was Lindbergh flying across the Atlantic ocean but now of course everyone flies everywhere by airplane. But the moment when I really first realized that change was occurring was television.

What is the greatest challenge that currently faces our present society?It’s always peace, it’s always war. Along with poverty. Despite the fact that we were supposed to end warfare and even though we have reduced warfare among nations there is still a tremendous amount of war that goes on throughout the world. And the United Nations was established to help with these issues concerning peace and war and the U.N. has helped stop the outbreak of any major wars though there has been several little wars that kill millions of people throughout the world within countries.

Looking forward 50 years what issue do you believe must be addressed?War and poverty will always be an issue still looking ahead 50 years from now but also there will always be medical problems to try to cure diseases and problems of trying to advance medicine and technology.

Mother of 6 , worker of the

United Nations and a loving Grandmother.

How has change affected the way people live? And has it affected people negatively or positively? And in what ways?Technology has improved housing such as the amount of space in houses and the single unit apartments for one person as well as the quality and size of houses and apartment buildings. Also technology has made it much easier for people who work with extremely easy access to internet and communication.

Svetkey Edward Monday, June 10, 2013 10:55:12 AM ET

What was the racial, ethnic, and religious makeup of the community at the time?It is much better today, because then blacks could not do things they can do now. Inter-racial marriage was looked down upon then. In commercials they show all kinds of different people now.

How did you participate in pop culture?I protested against the war in Vietnam, and I was extremely active in that. And I was active in government and I got people to vote the way that I thought was correct. I think that we are a little better today, I think that we still have problems but things are better.

How did the Vietnam War affect you personally?Well I was against it, and I marched against it. I was followed around in New York City when I went to go and demonstrate against it. They ticketed my house when I went to talk against it. I went in front of a local veterans meeting and told them I don’t think this is the war we should be in.

Were many residents actively involved in the community?Yes, well not many but I was. I think the same amount as today and maybe even a little bit more at the time.

How did you witness change in civil rights?I taught schools that had blacks and whites. I treated them the same and I think they noticed I treated them equally.

How do you personally think pop culture has evolved?I think we became more liberal, more open minded, not enough, but more, and I think that it had helped a lot.

How would you compare society to now?I think we have come a long way but not far enough. I think that civil rights even though we have a black president there is still a lot of racism. And I don’t think that a color defines if someone is a good person or a bad person. People are still different and there’s still people who are open minded.

Were many residents actively involved in the community?Yes, well not many but I was. I think the same amount as today and maybe a little bit more during the 60’s.

How would you compare today’s community to in the 1960’s?I would say that today we are more accepting than we were then.

W h a t l i t e r a t u r e w a s popular?I loved Mystery books, and I loved to read James Bond books and go to James Bond movies. And there was also many different kinds of that I liked musicals.

How would you compare technology from then and today?I think technology has really, really came a long way. There wouldn’t be the internet and how to know there are people around you but you can open up to others.

Do you feel that technology is moving too fast or is it going at a steady pace?I think it would be nice if it was a little slower. I think it would help make some people be able to think a little more. That’s my own feelings though, the pace is okay, it’s just that there are so many peop le who don’t t ake advantage of what they have.

How do you think pop culture has evolved as time went on?I think we became more liberal, more open minded, not enough, but more, and I think that helped a lot.

In what way do you think music changed over time compared to now?I don’t like hard rock or anything like that, I still like the old music though. Like old songs from 60‘s, 70’s, and 80’s. Maybe because I’m older, I don’t know I like it.

“That is how change happens. One gesture. One person. One moment at a time.”

Madeline Naftal on change throughout the 60’s and onwardInterviewed by Isabella Plachter

Madeline was an active protester

against the Vietnam War!

Plachter Isabella Monday, June 10, 2013 10:28:48 AM ET

What is one of the biggest changes you have seen in your life?The marriage rate is going down.

Why do you think this is happening?Because people don’t want responsibility.

Why do you think this?If you are married, you are obligated to each other. You are responsible for each other.

How do you think this impacts people?They don’t think they have the responsibility?Imagine people think that responsibility is not important.

How do you know they don’t believe responsibility is important?Because marriage requires responsibility.That’s the bulk of it. That’s why a lot of people are scared of getting married.

When did you begin to realize this kind of change was happening?Even before I got married.

In China, did you see this?No. People were not afraid of getting married.

So when did you start seeing this?After I came to this country.

As soon as you came here?No, no. Not as soon as I came here. After probably I finished college. When I was in college, a lot of people were already delaying marriage. Now they don’t even want to get married.

How did you react?I don’t think this is healthy.

As a society, what is the biggest challenge that we face?Society has lost its direction. It’s full of confusion. They don’t know where to go. They don’t know what is the right way to go forward. There’s a lot more uncertainty than before.

What caused this?The country politically and economically economically politically and economically is having problems. It boil down to the break down of the political and economical system. Politicians do not make good decisions. They refuse to make decisions.

Can you give me some examples?For example, Over the years, there are a lot of important decisions that the refuse to make. They just sat on them.

What is a solution to this?We have to elect good politicians. We are the people who elect these people. Very often, we are voting for the wrong people. We vote blindly. A lot of people don’t even want to vote. They don’t trust the system anymore. So we need more people to come out and vote and voice their opinions.

What do you think about change?Change create a lot of uncertainty. Most people don’t like to change.

Isn’t change part of progress?Change can be good or bad. Change can have make impact on people. Change can affect everyone.

It’s Full of Confusion. We’ve Lost Our Direction.Kun Louie on marriage rates and politicians

Interview by Janis Louie

Kun talks about lowering

marriage rates.

Louie Janis Monday, June 10, 2013 10:31:06 AM ET

!

“I ADOPT TO CHANGE SLOWLY” Ruth tells the world about advances and disadvantages society has today

Interviewed by Jennifer Appelbaum

What does change mean to you?As people grow up move on as they grow older and pass away that is change. As well as the change of a society as a whole as costumes laws and the “normal” evolves.

What significant changes have you witnessed? World War two in the 1940s started when i was 9 before that time i believed America was very safe. The idea of war was very scary because a lot of my cousins were drafted into the army to fight. The telephone was a huge change i didn't have a telephone in my house until after 1945. It was rare that people had telephones. Telephones were this big black box with a dial and sometimes they didn't have enough wiring so you had to share a line with somebody that may have not even been your neighbor just someone that lived in your town.

What did kids do for fun?We played in the street a lot we didn't have play dates. After school you came home dropped your books and went down the street. You played street games like jumping rope and roller skating.

How was society different when you were a child?When i was a child people were very community oriented. People were very interested in helping others to make the community better.

Was patriotic spirit different when you were a child ?People were more patriotic when i was young because of the war. People were excited about helping the army. June 14th, flag day, used to be a very big deal where people would parade around very excited about how lucky they were to be Americans and how happy they were.

Ruth is a happy mother and

grandmother.

Appelbaum Jennifer Monday, June 10, 2013 10:49:30 AM ET

What has life taught you about

the ideas of change? I would say growing

up kids were more proud to be Americans

then now. Also, after I had my children, my

grandchildren came along and I was very

happy and learned what it meant to see

somebody grow up.

Did fighting in Korea teach you about

change? It taught me discipline.

What is the most significant change in

your life? After I had my heart attack I

learned that smoking is bad and I

stopped smoking. I had more love for

children and grandchildren as I started to

get older. I became a bigger Republican

and started belonging to more veteran

organizations because I wanted to be proud

to be an American. Was there any

technological or religious change? No

technological but I started to appreciate

Judaism more.

What years did these Changes come?

Right after I got married and I became a

bigger republican after President Nixon

sent the planes to help Israel without asking

congress I became a staunch republican.

What ways has this improved your life?

The republican party is more love for the

people and a better government, It has not

improved my life but made my ideas better.

Has technology improved your life? I see

that the artillery and the army tanks are

more superior now and my guess is that

there will be less soldiers and more drones

in the future. Has the religious change

improved your life? And if so in what

way? I became more religious and I got

more integrated within the community.

Also seeing my grandchildren has

improved your life. Has any of these

changes made your life worse? No but

my medical record has got worse and I

have to watch my habits. As I grow older

my wife, children and grandchildren get

better. Did

it take

you

awhile

to

register this change or was it quick to

you? It was quick because I love these

changes besides my medical record. What

is the greatest challenge society currently

faces? I would say that we have to go back

to free enterprise in the American

workforce and start letting the people take

over and less government. It does not have

to be more Republican it just has to be

more independent and less relying on the

government. What make this an

important challenge? It is free enterprise

that is what made America. The more

independent you

are, the more you less rely

on other countries and the more

free enterprise you are. What should we

do about this challenge? We should not

overtax the people who are investing their

money. Let them invest their money and

start up businesses so we can build up this

country the proper way. We should not

depend on foreign countries for our

agriculture, manufacture products and

make more ourselves. What are the

challenges to this response? We should

have a better government and rely more on

the republican party because they are more

for freedom and a democratic party should

not run a socialist country. Do you think

our society has the ability to do this? We

do but we have to have the proper

leadership like when Reagan ran the

country we did this and we have to have a

good presidential candidate. Looking

forward 50 years, what will be the

biggest challenge? We have to be free

enterprise and less socialist government.

What makes this very important? You

do not want the government to be

communist and deciding everything for

you. We do not want the government doing

everything for us because we will be a

communist country if that happens. Is

there a technology problem? Yes, the

colleges that offer online courses have to

be less liberal and have to teach the kids to

do things on their own.

PROUD TO BE AN AMERICANHarry Rosenstein on Family, Friends and America

Interviewed by JOSH SARACHEK

Harry was recruited to play baseball for the

New York Giants when he

was 18

Sarachek Josh Monday, June 10, 2013 10:01:08 AM ET

In a few sentences, what has life taught you about the idea of change? I guess what Iʼve learned in my life is that changes are to be expected. Nothing stays the same. Whatever youʼve learned in school, whatever skills you have, just about anything you can think of, itʼs always changing.

What has been the most significant change youʼve witnessed in your life, and when did it occur? I have seen so many incredible changes in my life. I didnʼt have a car until I was twelve years old, I didnʼt have television at that age, I didnʼt fly on an airplane until I was in my early twenties. But the one change that has impressed me the most is the existence of the internet.

How has the change affected the way people live, positively or negatively? Well from my point of view I think itʼs mostly positive. People have found some ways to do bad things, but mostly it has just opened up all the knowledge in the world. It has been very, very positive. Itʼs still amazing to me that you can be in front of a computer and have a conversation with someone in Japan.

Was there a specific moment in which you recognized that this change was occurring or

underway? If so, what was that moment? You could point to many different things but first because you know, we didnʼt have didnʼt have the internet until about fifteen years ago. But all the communication up to that point was to be done by writing letters or by car, or talking on the telephone, or sometimes by sending a telegram. And the first time I got a computer I got an e-mail account, and the first e-mail that I ever sent or exchanged with anybody was on a business matter. And as soon as I realized how you could communicate with people, you know in writing very very rapidly, it struck me.

Do you feel that most of the big or “life-changing” changes that have occurred in your lifetime were environmental, political, technological, economic or social? Oh gosh, all of the

above (laughter). Well I think probably technology changes. In that I include transportation, and communication. Iʼve specialized in developing food packaging, and those are technological changes. It used to be that when you went to the supermarket or grocery stores, all the produce was fresh, the meats were cut to order and there was no frozen foods. Seasonal foods were only available for a brief period of time, and now with development of good food packaging and transportation you get great fresh food all over the country all the time.

Considering your work, what do you feel, besides the previously mentioned changes, have been the most important technological and/or environmental changes? I think in the technology of transportation, and Iʼll focus on people transportation, but thatʼs not the only thing. I didnʼt fly on an airplane until my early twenties and you were probably so young that you donʼt even remember. Transportation has made the word much smaller. We get goods and services from all around the world. We really had very little of that when I was a kid.

ʻNothing Stays the SameʼPeter Foster on changes and technological advancements

Interviewed by Josie Blatt

Peter has been a research

scientist for the majority of his

life

Blatt Josephine Friday, June 7, 2013 10:34:18 AM ET

How would you define change?Change can be defined in many different ways in terms of attitude it can be defined in terms of political thought, it can be defined in terms of how people communicate is can be defined in the context of the medium that is used to communicate. That of course has grown enormously and its the change in those various medium and the quality of the technological mediums that I would say defines change.

What is the most significant change that you had witnessed in your lifetime?I think the most significant change is the way that people communicate with each other today. And the fact that it has completely changed the organized media, and it has allowed individuals to communicate one on one with each other as well as one on one with people who sell products as well as people who sell political theories so the biggest change that we have seen I’m my opinion is the relatively new and explosive change is the ability of all people to communicate with people who either share their views or do not share their view and we are still in the beginning of communication.

What has come out of this change, and how has it effected people?I think that when we have organized media which was respected for their content, the information they provided, and

the truthfulness of it people respect the organized media, news reporters, television reporters. Today there is such a wide variety of sources of information many of which are not necessarily true, not necessarily accountable and responsible for giving true information, so the biggest challenge of people today with this broader use of communicating is to try to fine ways to confirm the validity and truthfulness of the information your getting. A lot of people don’t do that any longer, they just go to the people who are saying what they want to hear.

How has this change improved peoples lives?You have access to more knowledge, it’s speedier, but again, there’s the pitfall, you have to be careful. Sometimes you get bad information. I’ll give you an example, we have just been driving home prom Princeton where we attended the graduation of my oldest grandchild, and I have looked at google maps, I’ve got GSP on my cell phone, and I’ve got

the maps themselves, and frankly, they are conflicting ways to go and so we got lost going down to Princeton, and we got lost coming back here, and right now, I’m calling you from the Poconos. So, how it affects you is that if can effect you in many different ways, if you have bad information, no matter how you get it, your going to end up making mistakes.

How did you first recognize this change?It happens constantly. It’s the miracle of electronic technology. When you think that we go back to Benjamin Franklin, who discovered that there are certain physical aspects of electricity, like flying a kite in a storm, and where we now can communicate vast amounts of voice, vast amounts of data over wireless networks, and satellite operations. We learn about it from our friends, we learn about it by using it ourselves and being curious as to exploring the ways in which technology is available. It is incredibly fast moving and it’s very difficult to stay up with. The temptation would be “It’s too complicated and I don’t care, I’m happy knowing how to read a newspaper.” So unless you demonstrate curiosity in the new technologies, you’re never going to be able to know what they can do for you.

It’s the Miracle of Electronic TechnologyAnthony Palermo on Change Technology

Interviewed by KATELYN MCCARTHY

Anthony has been a lawyer

for over 50 years.

McCarthy Katelyn Monday, June 10, 2013 10:46:35 AM ET

What is the most significant change you’ve witness throughout your life?When I was a kid, we didn’t have cell phone or mobile phone so we have to call like a friend. Almost all the family had a home phone in each house so we have to share the phone with everybody in the family. Of course we didn’t have any PC’s at that time so when we have to investigate something you have to go to the dictionary or encyclopedia something like that to do homework. When I was a kid we didn’t have colored TV’s. It was only black and white.

Do you remember what age were you when the TV wasn’t black and white? Were you surprised when that happened?When I was 6 or 7 years old it turned to a colored TV. It was a really exciting experience for me.

While you were living in Japan, Was there a change when you were growing up?When I was a kid almost everything was made in Japan but now the chinese and Korean products are now being sold in Japan.

What is the difference between living in Japan and the other countries you’ve lived in throughout your life?In London the school is totally different, In Japan they has 1st grade through 6th grade it was Junior School. In Middle School there was 3 years from 7th grade to 9th grade and then we call High School to 10th grade to 13th grade. When I moved to London, I joined 4th grade because Japan per semester started in April, so I moved to London in March. So i joined 4th grade and that is the oldest grade in Junior school in London so and they only have 3 classes and the first class is the Mathematics class and second is English and 3rd class is anything (any subject). Also, the mathematics was easy for me so I felt I had a little bit of an advantage when I joined. In japan i have never spoke to the principle because it was very far, like to speak to him (rarely). In London I see the principle almost everyday because he visited the children in the class.

What is the greatest challenge that currently faces our society?

The gap between the rich man and the poor man, High class and Low class.

Why is that important?I think almost all the Japanese is kind of middle class and everybody feels that they are comfortable in America, U.S, and the United States, It was because there are so many homelessness begging people for money and the don’t want to work but they want to get something.

What Do you Believe Is A Proper Response To This Problem?I want them to educate the people and organize the incoming people from Mexico (Immigrants).

Looking Forward 50 years from today, what do you think will occur in the future?In Japan, the elders are increasing a lot and the younger people support 3 elder people in the same household. But I think this number will increase because the number of working mothers are increasing. In Japan the government doesn’t support the working mothers well rather than the U.S so the women doesn’t want to reproduce so the number of the population is getting smaller. The medical technology is getting advanced so people can live longer than before so basically the elders are getting higher.

Interviewed by Kenji Sakulrat

“Everyone thinks of changing the world, but no one thinks of changing his or herself” Megumi has

lived in 2 different countries

Megumi Nagatoshi on different culture and change.

Sakulrat Kenji Monday, June 10, 2013 10:08:37 AM ET

What has life taught you about the idea of CHANGE?I think it makes life more interesting, more challenging and at the very end, when you think about it, life would be terribly boring if we didn’t have constant change and something to look forward to.

What do you think of change?Oh, I think change is probably, as i mentioned before, the most exciting thing that life has to offer because we’re always thinking of what else is coming down the pipeline. Think about a situation like Bill Gates. He with Microsoft; creating a whole company from virtually nothing. But if we didn’t have change, we would still have the Model T Ford, you wouldn’t have air conditioning, or all the items in life that your generation takes for granted.

Do you think, throughout your lifetime, the world has changed?Oh goodness yes! I’m a war baby-- and when we talk about the war we talk about World War II. All my classmates, as we were growing up in school, were referred to as the war babies. Since then, we have had the Korean War, Vietnam, we’ve had all the other wars. Every decade is certainly interesting.

What has been the most significant change you have witnessed in your lifetime? I would tend to say that it was the introduction of the computer and the internet has brought a vast amount of knowledge into the hands of individuals. When I went to school we had to go to the library, we had to bring home a gazillion books, we had to write everything down, then we would first have to type it and if we made a mistake then we would have to redo it. So, doing a term paper was constant, it just took endless and endless amount of time. Today, you go on the computer, you can do it on word, if you make a mistake you just hit delete, you can retype it, you can copy and paste. It makes going to school a lot simpler and you should be able to accomplish a lot more because your school is not as labor intense as my school was.

Can you put a date/year/event to this change? Yes, I would say the internet, which was, I believe, through originally Lockeed Martin, and that was all done with that company. The company worked for the government, and it (the internet) was strictly for scientists. And once towards the end, I forgot the name of the individual who decided not to just open it up to the scientists for their correspondence with

each other worldwide,

but so other

individuals can in fact tap into it. What

happened is more and more information started to become downloaded into these databases. I would tend to say the early seventies was the big turning point.

What artifact would you point to as representing this change?Well, as I mentioned before, the computer. The computer, to me, is probably the most important introduction into our society, which of course now, we have gone from the laptop, we don’t even use the desktop computer. You go into tablets and all these different apps for this that or the other. Its the most extraordinary thing in the world. In fact, I believe, that the desktop has served its day like the Model T Ford car. Its going to be phased out, I’m sure, your generation will be talking about a desktop like how i talk about the old cars.

How has this change affected the way people live? It enables individuals to reach out and learn so much more about happenings, not only what's going on in the world but the

different cultures. Everything now is instant news, where is, prior to this, the only way you got your news was through the radio or read it in the newspaper. Your main source of entertainment was radio.

In what ways has this change been a change for the better? Its for the better because of the fact that any time you’re able to bring knowledge to individuals, its certainly makes society, or should make society, a lot more involved and much more wanting to get involved into it. But, sometimes I question, when I listen to statistics, about the number of individuals who just seem to be different. Maybe when you don’t have to search out information and everything’s at your fingertips, you become not as curious. That’s my perspective.

In what ways has this change been a change for the worse ?

As I said, I think the worse is made people lazy. They’re lazy because they have this instant information, instant gratification or what’s going on. They’re not curious about it. As I mentioned, prior to this, you had to turn on your radio or read the news, which meant you had to first go buy a radio or paper in order to get this information. Today individuals, I find, are not as well informed as people were generations ago.

What was the moment when you recognized this change was occurring or was underway?I would tend to say that it was the introduction of the internet and computers. Again, it probably was the .com era and where people became obsessed and couldn’t get enough of it. Everyday they were looking for something new and wanted to know what was going on. They were hungry. All of these new things satisfied the hunger at the time.

Were you an early adopter to change or we’re you a resistor? I would tend to say that I certainly embraced the change within the work that I was doing at the time. It was necessary. I was a librarian and we had to, infact, be ahead of the curve on information and knowledge in order to bring to individuals. I worked in a cooperative environment so we would have to photocopy and hardcopy packets together. We were now able to go on and pull this information, and ultimately down the road, do PDFs and send it all out within the same day. You were able to do twice as much work with have the number of time & individuals.

‘IT’S NOT ONLY A CHANGE FOR THE BETTER, BUT ALSO A CHANGE FOR THE WORSE’

Maureen Pine on change and the pastInterview by Caitlin D’Ambrosio

Maureen is one out of a family

of 8

D'Ambrosio Caitlin Tuesday, June 11, 2013 10:29:51 AM ET

What is change?Change is the difference between one point in time and another.

What was your primary occupation?I worked in the Social Security Administration.

When did you first move to Scarsdale?I moved to Scarsdale in 1985.

Were there many options for public transportation when you arrived in this community?Metro North was the primary means of transportation in New York. The Beeline buses roll up and down Post Road, as they do now. The taxi service was used, as it is now. tPrimarily people get around here in their cars.

What were the popular music trends? Movie genres? Literature? How did pop culture evolve?Rock was popular. We didn't have rap—thank God. The kids all liked popular music. They liked thrillers, they liked comedy, they liked stories. There was less emphasis on the spectacular. Maybe a little less violent. Everything they make now is grim and spectacular with special effects and 3D.

Did people eat out often? Were there many restaurants? What type of food was popular?People probably bring in food to their houses more now. People live very busy lives. Back in the sixties, home cooked meals were the primary way people ate food. You didn't have two working parents in the house. The wife stayed at home and cooked. Food was simpler back then. Food has become an art form now a days. It’s all about the presentation.Did any of the wars—for example Vietnam—impact life in your community?

It was the Vietnam War that created a rift between the country. The young,

who were being asked to fight the war, were anxious to do so, understandably. So, they rebelled. It became a cultural thing. They rejected a lot of what their parents believed in. That changed the country forever.

Was the community pro-war or anti-war?The older people generally supported the government, because that’s the way they were brought up. Vietnam was not so clear. The reasons why we fought the war were never very clear to the public. The main reason we fought the war was a theory known as the domino effect. That didn’t seem like something that was really worth fighting for. They didn’t want to go off and get themselves killed. They didn’t feel it was justified to go kill Asians for no reason. People didn’t view the Vietnamese as a real enemy.

What cultural changes did you see as a result of the war?There was a major peace movement. There was “acid rock” and “psychedelic”. The Beatles changed everything. They created music with a reason behind it.

Did you witness changes involving civil rights? At the time, it was basically a segregated society. Even in the North, it wasn’t just confined to the South. I lived in Brooklyn, I grew up there. Brooklyn was segregated. You had Italian neighborhoods, and Jewish

neighborhoods, and black neighborhoods. You weren’t accepted if you went into another neighborhood. It was a wrenching process. The JFK and MLK assassinations were devastating.

How does it compare to our current movements today?I think things were more violent. Down South in particular. We had riots in the cities. In the Chicago, Los Angeles.

How has social interaction changed with the creation of social media sites such as Twitter or Facebook?What we had back then was a telephone. That’s all we had. What you have now is twenty-four hour seven day connectivity.

How have appliances changed?We had no microwaves, no HDTVs. You had to go somewhere, you’d have to use maps and do research. My wife and I took a vacation. I had to plan that vacation for a year. Now if I was going to make that trip, I wouldn’t even plan it. I’d get in my car and punch a location in my GPS.

How did people feel about the environment during that time?It wasn’t anything that was on peoples minds. We had a lot of heavy industry in the United States back then. Coal, oil. Factories used to spew smoke into the air. People just didn’t really think about it.

What did you remember of the nuclear threat during the Cold War period?There was always a constant threat. We almost had a nuclear war with the Cuban Missile Crisis. I remember going to bed one night with absolute certainty that I was not going to wake up in the morning, because the Russians were taking their ship with missiles to Cuba and had no signs of turning back.

‘A RIFT BETWEEN THE COUNTRY’Alan Seckular on social evolution.

Interviewed by Lukas Hermann

A discussion about the evolution of culture.

For my interview project, I’ll be interviewing my grandfather, Alberto Colonomos. Alberto used to buy land in Venezuela. He would build apartments on the land, and sell them. Alberto lived in both Venezuela and Miami for most of his life. I’ll be interviewing him because he has lived through many drastic changes, such as the invasion of the Nazis. Alberto had to drop his whole life and run away from his own home at the age of seven. He has also lived through many changes in technology, economy, and the way people socialize. I hope to get insight on how people’s social manners have changed over the years, and how the the computer age has affected his life.

Change in the past: What is the biggest change you have lived through?The biggest change, which I feel that impressed me, was when I a r r i v e d i n Ve n e z u e l a , i n 1954....December 1954...and that same evening, a cousin of mine invited me, together with his wife, to a restaurant to eat steak. I hadn’t had meat for many, many years. During the war, meat was a luxury that we didn’t even know that existed. And when he ordered those steaks, they brought us a steak that was so huge, and I was sure that this steak was for us to split, the three of us, and I was impressed, I told them; “Wow...the three of us, so much meat!” Both my cousin and his wife look at me and say “No, this is only for you, we have these two other steaks for us.” “WHAT” I said. “That’s impossible.” Then I felt the life I knew was totally different then the life I was expected to have from now on, living in a continent t ha t wasn ’ t devas t a t ed by war...where war didn’t exist, and it was normal for them, to live that kind of life. That was the biggest change of my life. That small incident made me think, I came to

the conclusion that this was my biggest change.

How has this change changed the way you or other people lived?Well, there was an abundance of everything we were lacking, all these things we were lacking in my land before that.

In what way has this improved the way you lived?Those changes, they proved to me, that change in my life forced me to work harder so I could lead that lifestyle, build a family, have wealth, and then live well. Those abundances forced you to work so you could acquire all these things.In what way has this change b e e n f o r t h e w o r s e , o r challenged the way people lived?Everything was for the better. The more I was working, the more I was building wealth around me, the better I was living, and my family around me, everybody was happy.

What was the moment you realized that the world was becoming modernized?The change in technology... now we’re talking about another stage in life. You see, when the computer era arrived, for me, computers was, well, I wouldn’t touch one for years. Because I thought I had nothing to do with it and I had no interest to go deeper into new science, until the day I decided to be a photographer. And i n p h o t o g r a p h y , d i g i t a l photography, in the 90’s, I started to took seriously, photography, digital photography, for sure, it was the new way of taking pictures. And then I slowly built knowledge of using computers for the purpose of working in that art.

What was you reaction to this change?It was too hard for me to understand. Slowly I realized that this science was built for human beings! If you wanted to know what you were doing, you learn. The hard way, the good way, whatever. But it’s easy, now today for me to work, to do photoshop and these things is normal.

At first, were you scared of the computer?Of corse. At first I was very afraid. I always thought that the computer would control me, not that I would control the computer.

Do you think most people of your generation felt afraid of advancing technologies?For sure, a lot of people. For sure.

Alberto Colonomos on Change Interviewed by Rachel Gee

Alberto is a h o l o c a u s t survivor

Gee Rachel2 Monday, June 10, 2013 10:49:41 AM ET

In a few sentences, what has life taught you about the idea of CHANGE?One has to go with the flow, adapt with to the situation as necessary, you don’t stick to one idea and accept other ideas into your thinking or include other ideas into your decision.

How has the change overtime impacted you?It made mine and Grandpas life easier by allowing us to have better communication with you and Alexa and all the other family members. Also it allows more people to be able to multi-task. In what ways has this change been a change for the better (or improved the way people live)? Technology changed for the better because it has made life much easier for travel, and other needs. But if you do not know how to use it properly than it is pointless for that person.

In what ways has this change been a change for the worse (or challenged the way people live)? It is for the worse because people text an drive which cause accidents.

What was the moment when you recognized this change was occurring or was underway? The moment was when my children and grandchildren gave me the iPad for mothers day. The Garmin had also made travel much easier for people

Where you an early adopter, one who immediately favored this change, or a resistor, one w h o r e l u c t a n t l y a c k n o w l e d g e d t h e inevitability of change?I was early adapted to the computer itself, in 1982, I was intrigued by the computer, I took to it like a duck takes to water.

What is the greatest challenge that currently faces our society? The challenge is running out of money to support the outer space exploratory, involving the American government in foreign war, and not being able to make it possible for America to discover more. N e w t e c h n o l o g i c a l inventions, and introductions to the market require a large financial background, depository. If you do not have the finances you can not support the finances.

What do you believe is the proper response to this challenge? Why? Learn how to use it, learn how to adapt to it, or just sit by the wayside and let time pass you by.

‘I TOOK TO IT LIKE A DUCK TAKES TO WATER’

Sylvia Nissen on Change and the Past

Interviewed by Samantha Feldschuh

Sylvia was a teacher

for the Japanese students for many years

What has life taught you about the idea of change? I think that change is basically a very good thing. Of course it should be positive change, but we also have bad changes. But change is something that is unavoidable anyhow. Of course we have seen spectacular changes, particularly maybe during last 50 years.

What has been the most significant change you have witnessed in your lifetime? The most spectacular change from the old days when I grew up to today’s modern world are due to the technological revolution. And then also in addition to the enormous developments in information technology I would like to highlight one particular area of technologic change, mainly health. As a result of medical research and better nutrition people life much longer today than they did before, and there are cures to diseases such as pneumonia, which can be treated with penicillin.

In what ways has this change been a change for the better? For the space travel, whether this is good or not, I don’t know. Of course there are obviously good technologies like the telephone, radio, television, different kinds of travel, which help us advance.

In what ways has this change been a change for the worse? Well for instance what they invented in the 1940s, the atomic bomb. Which is a terrible invention and let’s hope that it never will be used again as you know it was used in Hiroshima and Nagasaki at the end of the First World War and killed a lot of people.

H o w h a s t h i s c h a n g e affected the way people live? Well you can imagine that when I grew up we had no internet, we had no cellular phones, we had a phone, but it didn’t function in such a way. When I grew up, also we had no electricity. Only many years after the war, in the 1950s that we got electricity in our house. We couldn’t sit like we do now, I sit in Norway and you sit in New York. Before, people lived in an isolated world, but nowadays, with these many m o d e r n m e a n s o f communications, distance does not exist. Of course, also this tremendous space technology, man has landed on the moon, this was unthinkable before of course, and I’m sure in the future man will go further out in space and set foot on other planets.

How did you react to this change and did this change affect you personally? Of course being as old as I am this technology is still new to me because it is very different from when I was growing up in Norway. But I have adapted to it and am adapting to new things as other people are right now.

“I’M SURE IN THE FUTURE MAN WILL GO FURTHER OUT IN SPACE”

Bjørnar Utheim on how technology has affected the world

Interviewed by SARA HANNA

Bjørnar has lived all

around the world due to his job as

a Norwegian diplomat.

Hanna Sara Tuesday, June 11, 2013 10:32:47 AM ET

The first question is what has your life taught you about change?Any particular kind of change, or just change?Any kindAlright, when I was a little girl growing up, and I was seven years old, we lived on a farm and our pleasure on Sunday was, in the summer time, to go berry picking on the Saturday. I’d travel, by horse and buggy, for about an hour and a half, and you’d pick some wild berries. And Sunday was the sabbath day and everybody was supposed to put on their pretty dresses and sit around and do nothing. And then we moved out of the country and into a town, primarily a french speaking town. And I never went to school until I was seven years old.I didn’t even know thatWell we went to school for the first time here, and we had to walk about a mile and a quarter to school every morning. We had an hour and a quarter for lunch. We had to walk home for lunch, eat lunch, and walk back. And that was in the winter and the summer. It was a long walk in the winter. And when we lived on the farm in the winter time we used to go out and there were big fields. We used go out in the big fields and we’d play tag. And my sister used to trap fox, skunk, and weasels and sell the fur to the fur shop. She’d skin them and she’d sketch them and she’d sell them all at the end of the winter, to the fur shops in Montreal.I bet if you’d been living as a child now you wouldn’t have done that ever.Well, no. None of those things would be done now. And the other thing is, every night the whole family would have supper together. And after supper we would all get dressed and go out to the barn to look after all the cattle, because the cows were all hand milked. You’d go out every night, seven days a week, whether it was winter of summer.Every night?Every night. You’d go with lanterns because there was no electricity in the barns. Wow.And we only had outdoor toilets, no indoor toilets. And when you think, it’s quite amazing. That’s why going to the moon was a big part of our life, because it was such change to go from the horse and buggy, that took

forever, to going to the moon. And another thing. When my grandmother was alive, she used to be a painter. And in the fall, my father had to go with a horse and a sleigh in the fall, and he would bring back 150 bolts of material, which can be anywhere from 30 yards to 150 yards, depending on the material. Wow. She used to spend the whole winter painting that material for those stores. And when Queen Elizabeth came over in, I think it was 1950, she wore a skirt that was made with some of the material painted by my grandmother. Oh my god. That’s so interesting. That’s amazing. Wow. So, you talked about the moon landing. Would that probably be the biggest change you’ve seen?Yeah, kind of an important thing in our life, and the way war was fought, war was very different in our lifetime because, World War I they used poison gases. My uncle was in one of the trenches when they used the poison gas, and he was gassed with it. Well many soldiers came home in terrible shape because of the gases.They were alive, but the were never well after. And ,well my husband lost his leg to cancer when he was 33. And he’s still alive and he’s 81 now and he’s still alive, and

he’s still working. And I’m 78 and I’m still working. A lot of people your age aren’t thought. Yeah, but I am. I think that’s good.Oh, yeah. I’m never quitting. So, what do you think will be the biggest change to come in the next 50 or 100 years?They think now they’ll be able to have elevators from outer space.So definitely technological change?They’ll be able to regrow limbs for men who’ve lost limbs in the war. Right now they can regrow noses and ears for people who have lost them from cancer.So you probably think that the change in the next 100 years will be greater than the change in the last?Absolutely. When I look at my life, I would say the last hundred years, prior to 1950, nothing changed. Even from the 1600’s, very little changes, compared with what’s to come. When Bill (My grandfather) was working over St. Lawrence, it took three rooms to hold equipment for one computer. Now we have desktop computers everywhere. You have phones that do more than the computers did in 1950. Yeah. I remember reading something about how in 1980 a megabyte costed 10,000 dollars, and now it costs one cent, or two cents.Bill and I went to McGill because in 1980 we wanted to have computers, because you had to write all your own programs in 1980. So we spent two winters at McGill learning how to program. Yeah, and I think that’s the secret to life. Stay ahead. Stay smart. Stay ahead of the crowd.Alright, well, you’ve pretty much answered all of my questions without me having to ask you them. Hahaha. Well the other thing I want to tell you is a big change is medical things. When I was a little girl there was a lot of tuberculosis going around. And today that has all been conquered.Yeah, medicine has come a long, long way. And now medicine is really moving ahead. I think everything has really come a long, long way. Oh, yes. Anyhow I hope you got enough information. If you want anymore you can call me. Haha. I think I definitely have enough. Ok, I love you darlingYou too. Bye.Haha. Bye!

‘When Bill was working over St. Lawrence, it took three rooms to hold equipment for one computer. Now we have desktop

computers everywhere.’Myrna Fleming on changes from 1950 to present day

Interview by Spencer Schell

Myrna’s business is a major distributor of

caffein to companies like Red Bull and Dunkin’ Donuts

Schell Spencer Monday, June 10, 2013 10:12:40 AM ET

What’s the major change t h a t y o u ’ v e l i v e d through?I’ve gone through lots of change in my lifetime. For instance, medication, so much change has gone on

in medication. Say medication, it is so up today, it’s unreal. At one time you couldn’t do anything. Say diabetes, you were losing your legs, it’s stay there until you lost them. My own father lost both his legs up the thighs. He lived a life to 79 years old.

Because we are so educated today, the government gives the schools more money to improve?I think so, definitely. One day you went to college, and you learned one thing. Now you go to college and you learn so much more. At one time, you went to college and you had a college education, but you didn’t know a lot about the topic you were studying. Today, it is all open.

How has change been for the better?I feel how change has been better, for the better, cause we have more money. You have much more money to go to schools. At one time, college was not as popular as it is today. People couldn’t afford to go to college.

How has change been for the better?The time period from 1960 which I think was about 1960-1970 was the first personal computer, I think was in 1970. 43 years later, we’re at iPads and tablets. The rate of change. Especially in what grandma has seen, the pace is increasing. When grandma was born in 1923, homes yeah there was the refrigerators, there was tv, it all existed. But what most people had were ice boxes. Milk was still delivered by horse and buggy. I mean they still had cars but it was still horse and buggy.

What is the greatest challenge that is facing our society in this decade?That if we can all accept that change. We all accept the money we’re making now. Years ago we didn’t make this kind of money. Our health is better. Technology is

better. We had the Ford.

‘DO WE WANT A FUTURE OF ROBOTIC WAR?’ Tanya Sciortino about change she’s lived through

Interviewed by Victoria Sciortino Assisted by Joanne Sciortino

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Sciortino Victoria Monday, June 10, 2013 10:30:32 AM ET