AP American HistoryAP American History

Review: Brinkley: Chapters 6 and 7

(And a little of Ch. 5)

Review: Brinkley: Chapters 6 and 7

(And a little of Ch. 5)

Ch 6: Constitution and the New Republic

Ch 6: Constitution and the New Republic

Page 158Page 158

Declaration Constitution of Independence

Declaration Constitution of Independence• A radical

document• Stating rights of

men• That people have

a right to revolution if government becomes abusive

• A radical document

• Stating rights of men

• That people have a right to revolution if government becomes abusive

• A conservative document

• Fear of unrestrained popular power

• Shay’s rebellion

• A conservative document

• Fear of unrestrained popular power

• Shay’s rebellion

TopicsTopics

• Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia 1787

• Federalists versus Anti – Federalists• Separation of Powers/checks and

balances• Bill of Rights• Hamilton’s Report on Manufacture • Foreign and domestic problems• Political Parties• John Adam’s Presidency: see topic outline

• Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia 1787

• Federalists versus Anti – Federalists• Separation of Powers/checks and

balances• Bill of Rights• Hamilton’s Report on Manufacture • Foreign and domestic problems• Political Parties• John Adam’s Presidency: see topic outline

Constitutional Convention of 1787

Constitutional Convention of 1787

• Philadelphia• James Madison 1) solved question of sovereignty 2) separation of powers to prevent

tyranny a) federal structure b) checks and balances – 3 branches 3) Bill of Rights added later in 1791

under pressure from Anti - federalists

• Philadelphia• James Madison 1) solved question of sovereignty 2) separation of powers to prevent

tyranny a) federal structure b) checks and balances – 3 branches 3) Bill of Rights added later in 1791

under pressure from Anti - federalists

Federalists vs. Anti - Federalists

Federalists vs. Anti - Federalists

Federalists: “Centralizers”Federalists: “Centralizers”

• “Why has government been instituted at all? Because the passions of men will not conform to the dictates of reason and justice, without constraint.”

Alexander Hamilton

How does this quote reflect the ideas of Hamilton and the Federalists? How is it the opposite

of of sentiments expressed in the

Declaration of Independence?

• “Why has government been instituted at all? Because the passions of men will not conform to the dictates of reason and justice, without constraint.”

Alexander Hamilton

How does this quote reflect the ideas of Hamilton and the Federalists? How is it the opposite

of of sentiments expressed in the

Declaration of Independence?

Federalists Anti – Federalists

“Battle between two fears”

Federalists Anti – Federalists

“Battle between two fears”• Alexander Hamilton• Feared unchecked

power of masses• Mistrust of human

nature• Wanted large

central government• Report on

Manufacture

• Alexander Hamilton• Feared unchecked

power of masses• Mistrust of human

nature• Wanted large

central government• Report on

Manufacture

• Thomas Jefferson• Feared large,

tyrannical government

• Concerned that the Constitution lacked a Bill of Rights

• Thomas Jefferson• Feared large,

tyrannical government

• Concerned that the Constitution lacked a Bill of Rights

Strict Construction: interprets the Constitution as narrowly

as possible

Strict Construction: interprets the Constitution as narrowly

as possible • Plessy v Ferguson

(1896)

• Interpreted the 14th amendment (= protection under the law and citizenship) to allow “separate but equal”

• Plessy v Ferguson (1896)

• Interpreted the 14th amendment (= protection under the law and citizenship) to allow “separate but equal”

Loose construction: Constitution as a “living

document”: Constitution must change to meet current needs

Loose construction: Constitution as a “living

document”: Constitution must change to meet current needs

• Roe v. Wade

• Legalized abortion by interpreting the Constitution to include privacy rights. Joined together the 4th, 9th and 14th amendments to give women this right.

• Roe v. Wade

• Legalized abortion by interpreting the Constitution to include privacy rights. Joined together the 4th, 9th and 14th amendments to give women this right.

Jefferson’s visionJefferson’s vision

Felt a nation of small farmers with some industry was best

He feared large cities and masses of property -less workers packed in cities

Envisioned decentralized society with small property owners working in farming (agrarian activities)

Universal education based on scientific rationalism of the Enlightenment

Felt a nation of small farmers with some industry was best

He feared large cities and masses of property -less workers packed in cities

Envisioned decentralized society with small property owners working in farming (agrarian activities)

Universal education based on scientific rationalism of the Enlightenment

Federalists: Hamilton, Madison, Jay

Federalists: Hamilton, Madison, Jay

Anti-Federalists: Jefferson, Monroe, Adams

Anti-Federalists: Jefferson, Monroe, Adams

• Feared unchecked power

• Wanted a Bill of Rights

• Feared unchecked power

• Wanted a Bill of Rights

Jefferson’s vision of America: A nation of virtuous, small

farmers

Jefferson’s vision of America: A nation of virtuous, small

farmers

Hamilton’s vision: Industrial development, manufacturingHamilton’s vision: Industrial development, manufacturing

Hamilton’s report on manufacture

Hamilton’s report on manufacture

• Envisioned a strong industrialized country with a strong central government

• A national deficit that was funded • National bank• Subsidies to business

• Envisioned a strong industrialized country with a strong central government

• A national deficit that was funded • National bank• Subsidies to business

To what extent has America incorporated Jeffersonian(anti-fed)/Hamiltonian (fed) ideals?

To what extent has America incorporated Jeffersonian(anti-fed)/Hamiltonian (fed) ideals?

• Hamilton • Hamilton • Jefferson • Jefferson