ap biology enzymes, cellular respiration, and digestive system test review
TRANSCRIPT
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AP Biology
Enzymes, Cellular Respiration, and Digestive System Test Review
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EnzymesCellularResp I
CellularResp II
DigestiveSystem
Misc.
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What do you call the cellular processes of breaking down large
molecules into smaller ones?
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catabolism
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How does an enzyme catalyze a chemical
reaction?
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It speeds up the reaction by lowering the
activation energy.
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How does a non-competitive inhibitor
decrease the rate of an enzyme reaction?
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By changing the structure of the enzyme so the substrate can no longer bind to the active
site.
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Hoe do you overcome competitive inhibition?
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Add more substrate
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A series of enzymes catalyze thereaction X -> Y -> Z -> A. Product A binds to the enzyme that converts X to Y at a position remote from its active site. This binding decreases the activity of the activity of the enzyme. What is substance A functions as a ….?
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Allosteric inhibitor
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What metabolic pathway is common to both cellular respiration
and fermetation?
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glycolysis
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Where are the proteins of the electron transport
chain located?
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The mitochondrial inner membrane
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What part of cellular respiration produces the most ATP when glucose is completely oxidized to carbon dioxide and
water?
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Oxidative phosphorylation (chemiosmosis)
the electron transport chain
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Which stages of cellular respiration release
carbon dioxide?
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The oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl CoA and the Kreb’s cycle
alcoholic fermentation also
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In the equation for cellular respiration, what is oxidized and
what is reduced?
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Glucose is oxidizedoxygen is reduced
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What is the term for the metabolic pathway in
which glucose is degraded to carbon dioxide and water?
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Cellular respiration
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During cellular respiration, where does acetyl CoA accumulate?
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In the mitochondrial matrix
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Where is oxygen used in cellular respiration? What is it used for?
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Oxygen is used to accept electrons at the
end of the electron transport chain.
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How is water produced in cellular respiration?
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Oxygen accepts electrons and hydrogen ions at the end of the
electron transport chain, forming water.
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What is the purpose of alcoholic fermentation
and lactic acid fermentation?
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Oxidize NADH to NAD+
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Name at least one function of the digestive
system
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Chemically & mecha-nically break down foodAbsorb nutrients
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Where do most of the enzymes and chemicals secreted by the upper
end of the small intestine come from?
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The liver and pancreas
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Where are the agents that help emulsify fat
produced?
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The liver
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Where in the digestive system do you find
bacteria that produce vitamins as by-products
of their metabolism?
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The large intestine
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Where does most enzymatic hydrolysis of the macromolecules in
food occur?
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The small intestine
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What is the First Law of Thermodynamics?
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Energy cannot be created or destroyed
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What is peristalsis?
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Smooth muscle contractions that move
food through the alimentary canal
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What type of phosphorylation
generates the ATP in glycolysis?
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Substrate-level phosphorylation
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During ATP synthesis, what is the proton
gradient established primarily by the
diffusion of protons used for?
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Synthesis of ATP
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Why are cattle able to survive on a diet consisting almost entirely of plant
material?
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They have cellulose-digesting, symbiotic microorganisms in chambers of their
stomachs
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Final Jeopardy
Describe cellular respiration in as much detail as you can before time is called.
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Final Jeopardy Question