8/7/2019 AP Politics Chapter 2 Vocabulary

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US Government Chapter 2 Vocabulary

1. Anti-Federalists opposedthenew Constitution, fearedthenew Constitutionwoulderode fundamentalliberties,andarguedthatthenew Constitutionwasa class-baseddocumentservingtheeconomic elite.

2. Articles of Confederation thedocumentwhich outlinesthevoluntaryagreementbetweenstatesandwasadoptedasthe first plan fora permanentunion ofthe UnitedStates.

3. Bill of Rights the firsttenAmendmentsto the Constitution.4. Checksand Balances eachbranchrequiredthe consent ofthe others formany ofitsdecisions.

5. Connecticut Compromise the planadoptedatthe Constitutional Conventionto providefortwo chambersin Congress.

6. ConstitutionAnationsbasic law. It creates politicalinstitutions,assigns ordividespowersingovernment,and often provides certainguaranteesto citizens. (Written or

unwritten)7. Declaration of Independence thedocumentusedbythesignersto announceand justifytherevolutionarywarandwhichwasspecificallydesignedto enlisttheaid of foreignnationsinrevolt.

8. Federalists argued forratification ofthe Constitution. (Madison, Hamiltonand Jay)9. Natural RightsRightsinherentinhumanbeings,notdependent ongovernments,whichincludelife,liberty,and property. (Locke Jeffersons Dec. of Indy)

10.New Jersey Plan a planbysome ofthedelegatesto the Constitutional Conventiontoprovideeachstatewithequalrepresentationin Congress.

11.Virginia Plan a planbysome ofthedelegatesto the Constitutional Conventiontoprovideeachstatewithashare of Congressionalseatsbased onitsshare ofthepopulation.

12.Marburyv. Madison Judicialreviewwasestablishedinthis 1803 Supreme Court Case.13.Limited GovernmentTheideathat certainthingsare out ofbounds forgovernmentbecause ofthenaturalrights of citizens.14.FactionsInterestgroupsarising fromtheunequaldistribution of property orwealththat

JamesMadisonattackedinFed. 10.15.Writ of Habeas CorpusA court orderrequiring jailersto explainto a judgewhytheyareholdinga prisonerin custody.

16.Separation of PowersAnimportant part oftheMadisonianmodelthatrequireseach ofthethreebranches ofgovernment,to berelativelyindependent ofthe othersso that onecannot controlthe others.

17.Shays Rebellion Aseries ofarmedattacks on courthousesto prevent judges fromforeclosing on farms.

18.RepublicA form ofgovernmentthatderivesits power,directly orindirectly, fromthepeople. Those chosento governareaccountableto thosewhomtheygovern.19.Federalist PapersA collection of 85 articleswrittenby Hamilton, Jay,andMadisonunderthename Publiusto defendthe Constitutionindetail.

20.Judicial ReviewThe powerofthe courtsto determinewhetheracts of Congress,andbyimplicationtheexecutive,areinaccordwiththe U.S. Constitution.