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AP Psychology Rowland High School

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The need for psychological science The limits of human intuition Intuition - something known or believed instinctively, without actual evidence for it (ordered share)

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The need for psychological science The limits of human intuition Hindsight bias the tendency to believe, after learning an outcome, that one would have foreseen it. (ordered share)

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The Need for Psychological Science The limits of human intuition Hindsight bias Overconfidence phenomenon (group discussion)

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The Need for Psychological Science The limits of human intuition Hindsight bias Overconfidence phenomenon Confirmation bias

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Directions: Create a bubble map describing qualities of a good scientist.

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The Scientific Attitude Curious eagerness Skeptically scrutinize competing ideas Open-minded humility before nature

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Directions: Create a circle map describing qualities of a good scientist. What quality is most important for a scientist? Explain why.

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The Scientific method a five-step process for empirical investigation of a hypothesis under conditions designed to control biases and subjective judgments. Empirical investigation - an approach to research that relies on sensory Theory a testable explanation for a set of facts or observations.

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The Scientific Method 1. Developing a hypothesis 2. Performing a controlled test 3. Gathering objective data 4. Analyzing the results 5. Publishing, criticizing, and replicating the results

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Opening Activity: Which of the following ideas did you experience in the card activity? Explain. The limits of human intuition Hindsight bias Overconfidence phenomenon Confirmation bias

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Types of Psychological Research Experimental method Hypothesis (if x, then y) Operational definitions Independent variable (stimuli) Random presentation D ependent variable (participants responses) Confounding or extraneous variables Control group Random assignment

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Types of Psychological Research Experimental method Example - Therapeutic Touch Therapy

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Types of Psychological Research Experimental method (continued) Blind procedure Double-blind procedure Placebo effect

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Summarize: Write a 4-5 sentence summary of what you learned yesterday in class about the experimental method. Be prepared to share your summary.

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Presentation Topics: 1. Non-experimental (ex post facto) 2. Correlation studies 3. Survey 4. Naturalistic study 5. Longitudinal /cross-sectional/cohort- sequential study 6. Personal and expectancy bias 7. Ethics in research (IRB & IACUC) 8. Deception in research 9. Animal studies

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Presentation Rubric: The information is organized (think PowerPoint slide) Everyone contributes to the poster Everyone has a speaking role in the presentation At least one example not from the textbook or handout

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Presentation Topics: 1. Non-experimental (ex post facto) 2. Correlation studies 3. Survey 4. Naturalistic study 5. Longitudinal /cross-sectional/cohort- sequential study 6. Personal and expectancy bias 7. Ethics in research (IRB & IACUC) 8. Deception in research 9. Animal studies

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Non-Experimental (ex post facto) Correlation Studies Correlation helps predict Does not imply cause and eff ect

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Correlation

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Non-Experimental (ex post facto) Correlation Studies Survey (video clip) Naturalistic study Describes behavior Does not explain behavior

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Non-Experimental (ex post facto) Correlation Studies Survey (video clip) Naturalistic study Longitudinal /cross-sectional/cohort- sequential study Case study Suggest further study Cannot discern general truths

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Personal and expectancy bias Ethics in research (IRB & IACUC) Informed Consent Debrief Deception in research Animal studies

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Correlation How well does A predict B? What is the relationship between A and B? Positive versus negative correlation Strength of the correlation coefficient -1.0 to +1.0 Scatterplot

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Comparing Research Methods

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Summarize: Write a 4-5 sentence summary of what you learned about research methods from the class presentations. Be prepared to share your summary.

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Correlation

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Two Types of Statistics Descriptive Inferential

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Descriptive Statistics Frequency distribution Histogram

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Measures of Central Tendency Mode (occurs the most) Mean (arithmetic average) Median (middle score) Range (highest score lowest score)

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Descriptive Statistics Frequency distribution Histogram

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Measures of Central Tendency Mode (occurs the most) Mean (arithmetic average) Median (middle score)

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Measures of Variability Range Standard deviation Inferential Statistics Representative sample Significant difference t test p