AP World History: AP World History: Ancient Ancient

vs. Classical vs. Classical

By the end of class students should be able By the end of class students should be able to:to:

•Characterize the ancient and classical Characterize the ancient and classical periodsperiods•Understand and explain the major shifts and Understand and explain the major shifts and turning points within the Foundations periodturning points within the Foundations period•Hypothesize how the classical civilizations Hypothesize how the classical civilizations will differ from those of the ancient periodwill differ from those of the ancient period

PeriodizationFoundations

8000BCE to 600CE

Ancient8000 BCE to

1000BCE

Classical1000 BCE to

450 CE* why isn’t this 600 CE?

Uniting Large Regions1000 BCE – 500 CE

Mapping the Ancient World

Mapping the Classical World

The Ancient Period 8000 BCE to 1000 BCE

• Between 9000 BCE and 7000 BCE– Agriculture introduced in the Middle East—spreads

to Northern Africa, India and finally East Asia by 1000 BCE

• Around 6000 BCE– Potters wheel invented; cities grew

• 4000 BCE (Bronze Age)– Series of innovations

• Between 3500 BCE and 1500 BCE– Four river valley civilizations

Characterize the Ancient Period Task: Characterize the Ancient

Period

Transitional Kingdoms• Case Study:

– Hittites, Minoans, Mycenaeans, Phoenicians

• Spread agriculture from river valleys to temperate climates…how?– Specialization & trade– Combining ag. & herding– Double-edged sword of conquest– Inherently weak…why?– Structural political problems

1000 BCE—A Turning Point

• Wave of invasions on all river civilizations, made more effective b/c of iron weapons– Indus Valley falls to Aryans– Egypt’s political structure fails as does those

in Mesopotamia– China’s transition is more subtle and

symbolic: changes dynasties and introduces iron

The Classical Period (1000 BCE to 450 CE)

• Expansion– Aggressive invasions combines with

river valley experience to form even large civilizations

• Integration– New size makes it more challenging

to keep everyone under control and society functioning

Hypothesize…• What allows for classical civs to expand?• How might they attempt to provide greater

coherence for their civilizations?• What aspects of ancient civilizations will be

retained?• In what ways will classical civilizations be

different?

Continuities• Agricultural economies

• Patriarchal societies

• RVC heritage

Population GrowthPopulation Growth

Consequences of Consequences of Population GrowthPopulation Growth

Brahmin

Kshatriya

Vaishya

Sudra

Untouchable

The Indian Caste SystemThe Indian Caste System

Generation of Belief Systems

BuddhismBuddhism

HinduismHinduism

ChristianityChristianity

JudaismJudaism

Consequence of Belief SystemsConsequence of Belief SystemsHinduismFrom lstmillennium BCE

BuddhismFrom 5th centuryBCE

ChristianityFrom 1st centuryCE

JudaismCommunitiesscattered widely inSouthwest Asia, Northern Africa, andEurope, especially from the first centuryCE.

Outline Map: Microsoft Encarta Reference Library 2002

Farming & Farming & pastoral nomadism pastoral nomadism replaced hunting replaced hunting and gathering in and gathering in some regions.some regions.

People moved into People moved into previously previously uninhabited areas.uninhabited areas.

Spread & Influence Spread & Influence of Civilizationsof Civilizations

RoutesRoutes Around 300 BCE to 300 CE, merchants, Around 300 BCE to 300 CE, merchants, shippers, sea captains, and empire-builders shippers, sea captains, and empire-builders extended and strengthened trade routes extended and strengthened trade routes across Afroeurasia and the Americas.across Afroeurasia and the Americas.

EmpiresEmpires Empires required networks of military and Empires required networks of military and political communication. These networks political communication. These networks encouraged interaction of many kinds over encouraged interaction of many kinds over long distances.long distances.

WritingWriting With the appearance of alphabetic writing With the appearance of alphabetic writing systems in Afroeurasia, people could systems in Afroeurasia, people could communicate faster and easier than ever communicate faster and easier than ever before.before.

ReligionsReligions The appearance of world religions— The appearance of world religions— Hinduism, Judaism, Buddhism, and Hinduism, Judaism, Buddhism, and Christianity—stimulated cultural interchange Christianity—stimulated cultural interchange across political and cultural boundaries.across political and cultural boundaries.

Expanding NetworksExpanding Networks

The New Classical World

Triggers for Change• Iron technology

• Deliberate cultural integration

AP World History: AP World History: Ancient Ancient

vs. Classical vs. Classical

By the end of class students should be able By the end of class students should be able to:to:

•Characterize the ancient and classical Characterize the ancient and classical periodsperiods•Understand and explain the major shifts and Understand and explain the major shifts and turning points within the Foundations periodturning points within the Foundations period•Hypothesize how the classical civilizations Hypothesize how the classical civilizations will differ from those of the ancient periodwill differ from those of the ancient period