APESHumanPopHealthToxicityMultiple ChoiceIdentify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.____1.How much of the world's population is found in developing countries?a.97% b.52% c.18% d.82% e.44%____2.Which of the following is not one of the factors currently affecting birth and fertility rates?a.number of people 60 or older b.cost of raising and educating children c.urbanization d.educational and employment opportunities for women e.average age at marriage____3.An age structure graph represents the number or percentage ofa.reproductive age females b.reproductive age males and females c.non-reproductive age males and females d.economic status of reproductive males and females e.males and females among age groups in a population____4.Which of the following is true of demographic transition as countries become industrialized?a.Death rates drop, followed by birth rates. b.Birth rates drop, followed by death rates. c.Birth and death rates rise at the same time. d.Birth and death rates fall at the same time. e.Neither birth nor death rates fall.____5.India ____ family planning program.a.had the world's first national b.has the world's most successful c.has the world's only national d.has the world's largest e.had the world's most effective____6.Which of the following is not true about India?a.One out of four people is poor. b.It has the second-fastest growing economy. c.80% of rural people have adequate sanitation. d.Nearly one-half of the people are unemployed or underemployed. e.40% of the population suffers from malnutrition.____7.The root cause of food insecurity isa.war b.political upheaval c.poverty d.corruption e.climate change____8.The term undernutrition refers to people who consumea.less than the basic number of daily calories b.unbalanced meals c.the wrong kinds of food d.poor quality foods e.too much protein____9.The term malnutrition refers to people who consumea.less than the basic number of daily calories b.unbalanced meals c.the wrong kinds of foods d.poor quality foods e.too much protein____10.Three grain crops provide 47% of all the food calories. Which of the following includes the correct three grains?a.rice, wheat, corn b.oats, rice, wheat c.corn, wheat, oats d.corn, rice, maize e.oats, maize, rice____11.Industrialized agriculture requires large inputs of all of the following, excepta.draft animals b.financial capital c.heavy equipment d.water e.fossil fuels____12.People in the United States spend how much of their disposable income on food?a.40% b.30% c.20% d.10% e.2%____13.People in developing countries spend how much of their income on food?a.40% b.30% c.20% d.10% e.2%____14.Transferring genes between different species that would not interbreed in nature results ina.really ugly plants and animals b.monsters c.crossbred plants and animals d.transgenic organisms e.artificially selected plants and animals____15.Repeated irrigation in dry climates leads to soil degradation of the upper layers, a process calleda.salinization b.desertification c.soil erosion d.overgrazing e.waterlogging____16.All of the following are disadvantages to raising animals in feedlots, excepta.Antibiotic use can increase antibiotic resistance in microbes. b.Less land use. c.Requires large input of fish meal and water. d.Needs large amounts of water. e.Produces large amounts of animal wastes.____17.All of the following are alternatives to using pesticides, excepta.rotating crops planted in a field each year b.provide homes for pest enemies c.use sex attractants to lure pests into traps d.bring in natural enemies e.freeze the pests____18.The five main types of hazards include all of the following, excepta.biological hazards b.physical hazards c.economic hazards d.global hazards e.chemical hazards____19.All of the following are considered to be biological hazards, excepta.protozoa b.parasites c.diet d.bacteria e.fungi____20.A transmissible disease is not likely to be caused by aa.bacterium b.hazardous chemical c.virus d.parasite e.protozoa____21.A global outbreak of an infectious disease is called a(n)a.threat b.parademic c.pandemic d.epidemic e.outbreak____22.All of the following are viral diseases, excepta.malaria b.AIDS c.hepatitis B d.influenza e.West Nile____23.The West Nile virus is transmitted to humans bya.mosquitoes b.houseflies c.birds d.physical contact e.coughing and sneezing____24.Hepatitis B is transmitted by all of the following ways, excepta.participating in unsafe sex b.sharing needles of drug users c.from infected mothers before/during childbirth d.exposure to infected blood e.pathogenic bacteria and protozoa____25.The Lyme disease bacterium is passed onto humans directly froma.foxes b.deer c.white mice d.field mice e.ticks____26.Mutagensa.are fatal to humans in low doses b.cause birth defects c.are harmful because they are flammable, explosive, irritating to skin or lungs, or cause allergic reactions d.cause mutations e.always cause cancer____27.Teratogensa.are fatal to humans in low doses b.cause birth defects c.are harmful because they are irritating to skin or lungs d.cause mutations e.cause allergic reactions____28.Carcinogens causea.genetic defects b.birth defects c.cancer d.chronic health effects e.allergic reactions____29.____ relates to the amount of a potentially toxic substance as it passes through food chains and webs.a.Toxicity b.Biomagnification c.Persistence d.Response e.Dose____30.The birth rate of a population is expressed as aa.decimal. b.ratio. c.fraction. d.logarithmic equation. e.percentage.____31.To determine the number of individuals that will be added to a population in a specified time we multiply the growth rate (r) by thea.biotic potential. b.original population size. c.environmental resistance. d.final population size. e.number of immigrants.____32.Developing countries tend to have a(n) ____ age structure diagram.a.rectangular-shaped b.inverted triangle c.pyramid-shaped d.square e.round____33.Population growth rates are high in developing countries becausea.infant mortality rates are low. b.women tend to have children late in life. c.family planning is common. d.children are often an important economic advantage. e.All of the above.____34.The population of the United States continues to grow as a result ofa.immigration. b.babies born to baby boom generation parents. c.the birth rate being above replacement level fertility during the 1940s through 1960s. d.population momentum. e.All of the above.____35.Using the rule of 70, a population growing at 10% would double ina.7 years b.10 years c.15 years d.17 years e.Not enough information to tell____36.A countrys impact on the environment is influenced byI. PopulationII. TechnologyIII. Affluencea.I b.II c.I and III d.II and III e.I, II, and III____37.Population size can be estimated using the formulaa.CBR + Immigration + CDR + Emigration b.CBR + Immigration CDR Emigration c.CBR + Immigration + CDR Emigration d.CBR Immigration CDR Emigration e.CBR Immigration + CDR Emigration____38.Two populations of the same size have the same fertility and infant mortality rates. In population A females begin having children at about age 16. In population B they begin at about age 20. If we ignore immigration and emigration, which of the following should hold true?a.Population A should grow more quickly due to four more years of possible child bearing. b.Population B should grow more quickly because older mothers usually have healthier children. c.Populations A and B should grow at about the same rate. d.Population A should grow more quickly because younger mothers usually have healthier children. e.There is not enough information to tell.Figure 7-1 ____39.Use Figure 7-1. Which population is larger?a.Population A b.Population B c.Currently, the populations are roughly the same size, but population B will soon be larger. d.Currently, the populations are roughly the same size, but population A will soon be larger. e.There is not enough information to tell.____40.Use Figure 7-1. Population A is most likelya.rapidly growing. b.growing, but very slowly. c.stable. d.going to decline in a few decades. e.There is not enough information to tell.____41.Use Figure 7-1. Population B is most likelya.rapidly growing. b.rapidly declining. c.stable or close to stable. d.going to decline in a few decades. e.There is not enough information to tell.____42.Use Figure 7-1. Approximately how many females in population B are between the ages of 50 and 59?a.500,000 b.5,000,000 c.20,000,000 d.30,000,000 e.50,000,000____43.Use Figure 7-1. Population B would most likely be in which stage of demographic transition?a.1 b.2 c.3 d.4 e.5____44.Use Figure 7-1. Population AI. Is likely to have a higher level of education than population BII. Is likely to have had a recent decline in infant mortalityIII. Is likely to be poorer than population Ba.I b.III c.I and II d.II and III e.I, II, and III____45.Humans started moving from hunter-gatherer societies to more agricultural societies approximately ____ years agoa.1,000 b.10,000 c.100,000 d.1,000,000 e.10,000,000____46.Mechanization of agriculture is advantageous for all of the following reasons EXCEPTa.Machines encourage the growth of several types of plants in a single farm b.There is an economic advantage if fuel prices are low c.There is an economic advantage if cost of labor is high d.Staple crops such as beans and corn are more economically harvestable e.Mechanization allows farms to take advantage of economies of scale____47.Synthetic fertilizers have many advantages over traditional organic animal waste fertilizers. These include all of the following EXCEPT:a.Ease of application b.Highly adjustable nutrient content c.Bioavailability of nutrients d.Lack of nutrient runoff problems e.Highly concentrated when produced____48.Monocropping has a number of disadvantages. These include all of the following EXCEPTa.Erosion due to exposure of large areas of soil during planting b.Nutrition and pesticide needs should be similar throughout a single crop c.Pests are more likely to attack a monocrop due to the high concentration d.Loss of habitat for natural pest predators e.Reduction of productivity due to loss of nutrient-rich topsoil____49.Which areas of the world are most susceptible to desertification?a.Existing deserts b.Humid equatorial regions c.Temporal Chaparral d.Areas adjacent to the poles e.Areas adjacent to existing deserts____50.Integrated Pest Management (IPM) is likely to use all of the following techniques EXCEPTa.Crop rotation b.Intercropping c.Planting herbicide resistant crops d.Habitat creation for pest predators e.Increased use of traditional pesticides____51.Integrated Pest Management (IPM) is especially successful in developing countries becausea.The availability of high quality pesticides in developing countries is spotty at best b.High-input industrial farming is not feasible because farmers lack financial resources c.IPM resembles traditional farming techniques so closely d.Developed nations often offer subsidies to farmers using IPM techniques e.IPM has never been successful in developing countries____52.Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations (CAFOs) make meat more economical, but may have some negative environmental impacts. These include all of the following EXCEPTa.High concentrations of animal waste b.Increase in nutrients in stormwater runoff c.Increase in sediments in stormwater runoff d.Increased use of land area over other types of animal farming e.Increase in strains of antibiotic resistant microorganisms____53.Which of the following is NOT a potential benefit of free range meat stock (such as chickens)a.Decreased use of antibiotics due to lower animal concentrations b.Decrease fossil fuel input c.Decrease in land use when compared to traditional methods d.Less supplemental feeding of the stock e.Waste is more easily handled by detritivores____54.Marine fisheries are particularly susceptible to the tragedy of the commons becausea.Fish are r-Selectors that experience boom and bust cycles b.Fish are highly migratory, so they dont belong to any one nation c.Pollution is highest in areas with high fish populations d.International waters are governed by antiquated nautical law e.Fishery collapse is viewed by many countries as a sign that they are managing populations properly____55.Worldwide, the largest component of the human diet isa.Grain products b.Meat products c.Dairy products d.Raw and processed sugars e.Fruits and vegetablesFigure 11-2____56.Use Figure 11-2. By about how much did aquaculture increase from 1980 to 2000?a.10 million metric tons b.15 million metric tons c.30 million metric tons d.50 million metric tons e.80 million metric tons____57.A historical pandemic disease caused by a bacterium and carried by rodents isa.Cholera b.Tuberculosis c.Plague d.Swine Flu e.Hepatitis____58.All of the following are correct about emergent infectious diseases EXCEPT:a.the rapid movement of people can cause unexpected pandemics b.the diseases are all caused by mutations of known viruses c.many of the diseases come from pathogens that jump from animal hosts to humans d.the diseases can mutate rapidly to infect humans e.since the 1970s, an average of one new emergent disease has appeared each yearTable 17-1Percentage of deaths attributable to each of six risk factors, and to all six risks combined, for child and maternal malnutrition: countries grouped by income, 2004RiskWorldLow IncomeMiddle IncomePercentage of DeathsChildhood underweight3.87.80.7Suboptimal breastfeeding2.13.71.1Vitamin A deficiency1.12.20.3Zinc deficiency0.71.50.2Iron deficiency0.50.80.2Iodine deficiency0.00.00.0All six risks6.612.72.1____59.Use Table 17-1. What percentage of child deaths in low-income countries is attributable to vitamin A deficiency OR zinc deficiency?a.12.7% b.7.8% c.3.7% d.1.8% e.1.5%____60.Use Table 17-1. Which risk connected to malnutrition causes the most deaths in middle-income countries?a.childhood underweight b.suboptimal breastfeeding c.vitamin A deficiency d.zinc deficiency e.iron deficiency