api piping plan

8/9/2019 API Piping Plan

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API ENVIRONMENTAL PIPING PLAN

Flow Solutions Success Cycle

- REVIEW


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RequirementsRequirements of Gas Sealsof Gas Seals

Gas or vapor suitable for sealing{Availability,Safety & Environmental concern}

Constant & reliable supply of external


Buffer/barrier gas free from contaminationfrom both liquids and solids

Process fluids which are not adversely

affected by barrier gas leakage


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PurposePurpose of Piping Plansof Piping Plans

Flushing to remove heat

Lowering fluid temperature

Create a more favorable environment for themechanical seal


Altering the seal chamber pressure

Cleaning the process fluids

Control atmospheric side of seal


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PurposePurpose of Piping Plansof Piping Plans

Capture and/or prevent leakage

Provide a means of detecting and controlling seal

leakage


e ec ea ageRoute leakage to appropriate collection or

disposal system

Provide fluid other than process fluid for theseal environment


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Methods of Achieving GoalsMethods of Achieving Goals

Piping or routing of process fluids

Introduction of external fluids

Auxiliary equipment


Seal coolersCyclone separators

Reservoirs

Instrumentation


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Piping PlansPiping Plans Standardized in:

API 610 API 682

ISO 21049


ASME B73

Designated by numbers

API example 11, 32, or 53

ASME example 7311, 7332, or 7353


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Plan 01Plan 01

What Internal seal chamber flush

from pump discharge.

Operates similar to Plan 11



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Plan 01Plan 01Why

Seal chamber heat removal. Seal chamber venting on

horizontal pumps.

Reduce risk of freezing orol merizin fluid in ex osed


Plan 11 piping.


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Plan 01Plan 01

Where Custom seal chamber, most

likely an ASME/ANSI pump.

Clean, moderate


.

Used with single seals,rarely used with dual seals.


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Plan 01Plan 01

Preventative Maintenance

Flush typically can not bedirected over the seal facesand heat removal is limited.

Calculate flush flow rate based


on head loss through internalporting.


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Plan 02Plan 02

What Dead-ended seal

chamber with no flush.



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Plan 02Plan 02

Why Simplicity no environmental

controls.



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Plan 02Plan 02Where

Large bore or open throat sealchambers in moderatetemperature services.

Clean fluids.


op-entry m xers or ag tatorswith dry seals.


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Plan 02Plan 02Preventative Maintenance

Process must have adequateboiling point margin to avoidvaporization.

Cooling fluid in seal chamber


in hot services.

Often used in combination with

steam quench, Plan 62.


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Plan 11Plan 11

What Seal flush from pump

discharge through orifice.

Default sin le seal flush


plan.


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CentrifugalCentrifugal PumpPump



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Plan 11Plan 11

Why Seal chamber heat

removal. Seal chamber venting on


z u . Increase seal chamber

pressure and fluid vapormargin.


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Plan 11Plan 11

Where General applications with

clean fluids.

Non- ol merizin fluids.



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Plan 11Plan 11Preventative Maintenance Use an orifice with a minimum

0.125 (3 mm) diameter. Calculate flow rates to size

orifice for adequate sealchamber flow.

Increase boilin oint mar in


with proper orifice and throatbushing sizing. Flush should be directed over

seal faces with piping at 12Oclock position.

Typical failure mode is aclogged orifice checktemperatures at pipe ends.


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ErosionErosion



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Plan 13Plan 13

What Recirculation from seal

chamber to pump suctionthrough orifice.


Standard flush plan onvertical pumps.


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Plan 13Plan 13

Why Continuous seal chamber

venting on vertical pumps.

Seal chamber heat removal.



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Plan 13Plan 13

Where Vertical pumps.

Seal chamber pressure isgreater than suction pressure.


with moderate solids. Non-polymerizing fluids.


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Vent piping loop prior to startingvertical pumps. Use an orifice with a minimum

0.125 (3 mm) diameter. Calculate flow rates to size orifice


for adequate seal chamber flow.

Reduce seal chamber pressurewith proper orifice and throatbushing sizing.

Typical failure mode is a cloggedorifice check temperature at pipe

ends.


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Plan 14Plan 14


discharge andrecirculation to pump


suction with orifices. Combination of Plan 11

and Plan 13.


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Plan 14Plan 14

Why

Continuous seal chamberventing on vertical pumps.

Seal chamber heat removal.




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Plan 14Plan 14

Where

Vertical seal.

Clean, non-polymerizing fluidsat moderate temperatures.



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Plan 14Plan 14Preventative Maintenance Use an orifice with a minimum

0.125 (3 mm) diameter.

Calculate flow rates to size orificefor adequate seal chamber flow.

Increase boiling point margin withproper orifice and throat bushing


sizing.

Flush should be directed over sealfaces.

Vent piping loop prior to startingvertical pumps.

Typical failure mode is a clogged

orifice check temperatures atpipe ends.


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Plan 21Plan 21

What

Seal flush from pumpdischarge through orifice andcooler.


increases heat removal.


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Plan 21Plan 21

Why

Seal cooling. Reduce fluid temperature to

increase fluid vapor margin.


.


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Plan 21Plan 21

Where

High temperature service,typically less than 350 F (177C).


.

Clean, non-polymerizing fluids.


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Seal cooler and piping must haveair vents at highest elevation vent before starting.

When using 682 Seal Cooler, pipe


transfer. Use an orifice with a minimum

0.125 (3 mm) diameter.


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(continued) Calculate flow rates to size orificefor adequate seal chamber flow.

Increase boiling point margin withro er orifice and throat bushin


sizing.

Regularly monitor device inlet andoutlet temperatures for signs ofclogging or fouling.


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Plan 23Plan 23

What Seal flush from internal

pumping device throughcooler.


Standard flush plan in hotwater services.


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Plan 23Plan 23

Why Efficient seal cooling with

low cooler duty.

Increase va or mar in.


Improve water lubricity.


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Plan 23Plan 23

Where

High temperature service, hothydrocarbons.

Boiler feed water and hot water


.

Clean, non-polymerizing fluids.


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Plan 23Plan 23


Seal cooler piping must haveair vents at highest elevation vent before starting.

When usin 682 Seal Cooler


pipe with parallel flow tominimize head loss.

Seal chamber requires closeclearance throat bushing toisolate process fluid.


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Plan 23Plan 23


(continued) Tangential seal gland taps

should enter at bottom and exitat to .


Regularly monitor cooler inletand outlet temperatures forsigns of plugging or fouling.

Process fluids with iron shouldflow through magneticseparator before cooler.


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Plan 31Plan 31


discharge throughcyclone separator.


Centrifuged solids arereturned to pump suction.


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Plan 31Plan 31

Why

Seal chamber heat removal. Solids removal from flush and

seal chamber



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Plan 31Plan 31

Where

Dirty or contaminated fluids,water with sand or pipe slag.

Non-polymerizing fluids.



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Plan 31Plan 31Preventative Maintenance Cyclone separator works best on

solids with a specific gravity twicethe process fluid.

Seal chamber pressure must benearly equal to suction pressure


or proper ows.

Piping should not include anorifice and is not expected to ventthe seal chamber.

Typical failure mode is a cloggedseparator or pipes checktemperatures at pipe ends.


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Fluid Entry from

Pump Discharge


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Clean Light FluidDischarge from

Separator to SealChamber


Fluid Entry from

Pump Discharge


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Clean Light FluidDischarge from

Separator to SealChamber


Fluid Entry from

Pump DischargeHeavy Dirty FluidDischarge fromSeparator Back

to Pump Suction


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Plan 32Plan 32

Why

Seal chamber heat removal. Process and solids removal

from seal chamber.




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Plan 32Plan 32

What

Seal flush from an externalclean source.



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Plan 32Plan 32

Where

Dirty or contaminated fluids,paper pulp.

High temperature service.


fluids.


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Plan 32Plan 32Preventative Maintenance Use throat bushing sized to hold

pressure or maintain flow velocity. To restrict dirty process fluid,

regulate injection flow rate. To increase fluid va or mar in


regulate injection pressure.

Injection fluid must be compatiblewith process fluid.

Regularly monitor controlsystem for closed valves orsigns of plugging.


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Plan 41Plan 41

What

Seal flush from pumpdischarge through cycloneseparator and cooler.


Plan 31.


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Plan 41Plan 41

Why

Seal cooling. Solids removal from flush and

seal chamber.



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Plan 41Plan 41Where

High temperature service,typically less than 350 F (177C).


,

water with sand or pipe slag. Non-polymerizing fluids.


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Plan 41Plan 41Preventative Maintenance Seal cooler piping must have air

vents at highest elevation ventbefore starting.

When using 682 Seal Cooler, pipewith series flow to maximize heat


transfer.

Cyclone separator works best onsolids with a specific gravity twicethe process fluid.


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(continued) Seal chamber pressure must

be nearly equal to suctionressure for ro er flows.


Typical failure mode is cloggedseparator or pipes checktemperatures at pipe ends.


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Standard Flush Plans

Flow Solutions Success CycleAPI 51 / ANSI 7351: External reservoir providing a dead-ended blanket for fluid to quench connection of the gland.


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Seal Chamber for Plan 51

Key

1 ReservoirV Vent (if required)

Q QuenchD Drain (Plugged)F Flush


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Combination Flush Plans

Sin le Seal Arran ements



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Plan 31

Plan 21



API Plan 41


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API Plan 11 / ANSI Plan 7311: Recirculation

from pump discharge through a flow controlorifice (if specified) to the seal.

API 62 / ANSI 7362:

Exterior source providing aquench.


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Plan 11



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Plan 11


Steam

3-5 PSI

Plan 62


Steam Out


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Plan 52Plan 52Why

Outboard seal acts as asafety backup to the primaryseal.


emissions.

No process contamination isallowed.


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Plan 52Plan 52What

Unpressurized buffer fluidcirculation through reservoir.

Fluid is circulated by a


seal assembly.


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Plan 52Plan 52Where

Used with dualunpressurized seals(tandem).


,light hydrocarbons.

Hazardous or toxic fluids.

Heat transfer fluids.


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Plan 52Plan 52Preventative Maintenance Piping loop must self-vent to

vapor recovery/flare systemnear atmospheric pressure. Process vapor pressure is

generally greater than reservoir


. Buffer fluid must be compatible

with process leakage.Reservoir level gage indicatesoutboard seal leakage.

Primary seal leakage isindicated by increased ventpressure.


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Plan 53APlan 53AWhat

Pressurized barrierfluid circulationthrough reservoir.


Fluid is circulated bya pumping ring inthe dual seal

assembly.


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Plan 53APlan 53AWhy

Isolate processfluids.

Z r r


emissions.


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Plan 53APlan 53AWhere

Used with dual pressurized

seals (double). High vapor pressure fluids,light hydrocarbons.




Dirty, abrasive orpolymerizing fluids.

Mixers or agitators.

Vacuum service.


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Plan 53APlan 53APreventative Maintenance

Piping loop must self-vent to

reservoir located at highestelevation.

Pressurize reservoir at alltimes, maximum gas charge


150 - 200 psi (10 - 14 bar)

Barrier fluid must becompatible with process.

Reservoir level gageindicates both IB and OBseal leakage.


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Plan 53BPlan 53BWhat

Pressurized barrierfluid circulation witha bladder


accumulator.

Fluid is circulated bya pumping ring inthe dual sealassembly.


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Plan 53BPlan 53BWhy

Isolate process fluid. Zero process

mi i n .


Higher pressurethan Plan 53A.


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Plan 53BPlan 53BPreventative Maintenance

Piping loop must be fully

vented before starting. Accumulator must bepressurized at all times,usually by gas charge.


Barrier fluid must be

compatible with process. Regularly monitor barrier

pressure manually addbarrier fluid when pressuredecays.


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Plan 53CPlan 53CWhat

Pressurized barrierfluid circulation witha piston


accumulator.

Fluid is circulated bya pumping ring inthe dual sealassembly.


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Plan 53CPlan 53CWhy


mi i n .


Higher pressurethan Plan 53A.

Dynamic tracking of

system pressure.


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Plan 53CPlan 53CWhere

Used with dual

pressurized seals(double).


fluids, lighthydrocarbons.

Hazardous or toxicfluids.



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Plan 53CPlan 53CPreventative Maintenance

Piping loop must be fullyvented before starting.

Reference line must tolerateprocess contaminationwithout plugging.



compatible with process. Reservoir level gage

indicates both inboard andoutboard seal leakage.


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Plan 54Plan 54What

Pressurized barrierfluid circulation byan external system.



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Plan 54Plan 54Why


mi i n .


Seal cannot inducecirculation.


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Plan 54Plan 54Where

Used with dual pressurizedseals (double).

High vapor pressure fluids,light hydrocarbons.




Dirty, abrasive, orpolymerizing fluids.

Mixers or agitators.


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Piping loop must be fullyvented before starting.

Circulating system must bepressurized and energized atall times.



compatible with process. Circulation system level

gage indicates both inboardand outboard seal leakage.


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Plan 62Plan 62What

External quench onatmospheric side ofseal.


Quench fluidstypically steam,nitrogen, or water.


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Plan 62Plan 62Why

Prevent solidsbuildup onatmospheric side of


seal.

Prevent icing.


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Plan 62Plan 62Where

Used with single seals.

Oxidizing fluids or fluidsthat coke.

H h r r n .


Crystallizing fluids orfluids that salt out.

Caustic.

Cold fluids less than 32

F (0 C).


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Plan 62Plan 62Preventative Maintenance Quench inlet should be on

top of gland with drain/outlet

on bottom. Quench pressure should be

limited to 3 psi (0.2 bar) orless.


Use throttle bushing on

atmospheric side of seal todirect quench flow to sealdrain.

Monitor regularly, checkingfor closed valves, blocked

lines, and steam trapcondition.

PlPl


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Plan 72Plan 72What

Unpressurizedbuffer gas controlsystem.


Containment sealsupport typicallywith nitrogen buffergas.

Pl 72Pl 72


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Plan 72Plan 72Why

Zero to very lowprocess emissions.

f k


primary seal.

Pl 72Pl 72


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Plan 72Plan 72Where

Used with dualunpressurized containmentseals (tandem).




Clean, non-polymerizing,non-oxidizing fluids.

Used in combination withPlan 75 and/or Plan 76.

Pl 72Pl 72


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Plan 72Plan 72Preventative Maintenance Clean, reliable, low pressure

gas must be supplied to seal

at all times. Bottled gas supply is not

recommended except asart of an emer enc


backup system.

Primary seal leakage isindicated by pressure in thevent line.

Vent or drain are usuallyconnected to low pressurevapor recovery/flare system.

Pl 74Pl 74


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Plan 74Plan 74What

Pressurized barriergas control system.

l r


typically withnitrogen barrier gas.

Pl 74Pl 74


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Plan 74Plan 74Why

Isolate process fluid.

Zero processmi i n .


Pl 74Pl 74


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Plan 74Plan 74Where

Used with dual pressurizedgas seals (double).




Services that do not tolerate

barrier fluids. Clean, non-polymerizing

fluids.

Moderate temperature fluids.


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Plan 75Plan 75


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Plan 75Plan 75What

Drain from containment

seal cavity to liquidcollector and vapor


.

Plan 75Plan 75


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Plan 75Plan 75Why

Leakage collectionfor zero to very lowprocess emissions.


Safety indicator forprimary seal.

Plan 75Plan 75


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Plan 75Plan 75Where

May be used alone or withPlan 72 on containment

seals. Fluids that condense at

ambient temperature.


High pressure fluids, light

hydrocarbons. Hazardous or toxic fluids.


Plan 75Plan 75


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Collection reservoir must belocated below seal drain and

downward-sloped piping. Continuously vent collection

reservoir to low pressure


vapor recovery/flare system.

Drain collection reservoir toliquid recovery system asneeded.


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Plan 76Plan 76


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Plan 76Plan 76What

Vent fromcontainment sealcavity to vapor


recovery.

Plan 76Plan 76


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Plan 76Plan 76 Why

Leakage collectionfor zero to very lowprocess emissions.


Safety indicator forprimary seal.

Plan 76Plan 76


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Plan 76Plan 76Where

May be used alone or withPlan 72 on containment

seals. Fluids that do not condense

at ambient temperature.


High vapor pressure fluids,

light hydrocarbons. Hazardous or toxic fluids.


Plan 76Plan 76


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Continuously vent to lowpressure vapor

recovery/flare system. Vent piping should include a

condensate drain.


Primary seal leakage is

detected by increased ventpressure.

Monitor regularly for valvesettings, blocked lines, andlow vent pressure.


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Good Piping PracticesGood Piping PracticesMinimize line losses Plan 53A Example


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Large diameter tubing

Upward sloping lines

Long radius bends

Vertical


qu pmen

HorizontalEquipment

- n.(0.45 - 0.6 m)

4 ft. (1.2 m) max

low point drain


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ReviewReview Intended to create a more favorable environment for


108/109

Intended to create a more favorable environment forthe seal

Collect and detect seal leakage and provide safetybackup

Documented in several API, ASME, and ISO


standards

May require auxiliary equipment or external sourcesof fluids

Necessary to improve seal reliability


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