Management ToolsAPPLICATION OF

TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT

INTRODUCTION

Agenda•History of M.P. Tools•Management tools•Affinity Diagram•Activity Network Diagram•Process Decision Program Chart•Interrelationship Diagram

History•Operations Research work done after World War II• The Japanese Total Quality Control (TQC) research• Japanese Union of Scientists and Engineers (JUSE)

Promote InnovationCommunicate Information

Successfully Plan Major Projects

Management Tools

Affinity Diagram

Interrelationship

Diagram

Process Decision Program

Chart

Activity Network Diagram

Prioritization Matrix

Tree Diagram

Matrix Diagram

Affinity DiagramJiro Kawakita Method

“Use the affinity diagram when facts or thoughts are uncertain and need to be organized, when preexisting ideas or paradigms need to be overcome, when ideas need to be clarified, and when unity within a team needs to be created.”

Kaoru IshikawaJapanese Organizational Theorist(Invented cause-and –effect diagram)Professor Faculty of EngineeringThe University of Tokyo

Low Participation Low Budget

Delays in Procurement

Lack of

Information

Less Coordination

Lack of publicityMinimal Paper Wastage

Activities for Leadership skillsLatest News Updates for

StudentsEffective Events

Lack of good designing Regular blog

updates

Website maintenance

Inviting Resource persons

Paperwork

Scenario: Common Society Issues

DepartmentsResearch

• Brainstorm activities on leadership and sustainability

• Latest news for blog and website

• Scheduling of events

• Publicity without wasting paper

Designing

• Posters designing• Blog designing• Blog updates• Website

designing• Online design

resources• Brand design

(font, colors, size, etc.) specifications

Event Management

• Publicity and Promotions

• Effective event implementation

• Event coordination

• Ensure high participation

• Hospitality to all incoming resource persons

• paperwork

External Affairs

• Evaluating society regularly

• Feedbacks from sponsors

• Inviting companies / resource persons

• Generating monthly reports

• Resources management

Activity NetworkDiagram

1) Identify all activities and relationships among them.

2) Sketch the diagram. 3) Estimate the times for each activity, or node,

in the diagram4) Determine the critical path, the longest path

from the beginning to the end of the project5) Evaluate the diagram for milestones and target

dates in the overall project.

Implementation of Activity Network Diagram

1) The most likely time. (L)2) The most optimistic time. (O)3) The most pessimistic time. (P)Expected Time = (O + 4*L + P) / 6Limits of Expected Variation = ( P – O ) / 6

For Evaluation of network diagrams:

Scenario:Home Construction

Work Average time Optimistic time

Pessimistic time

Excavate 5 days 4 days 7 days

Foundation 2 days 2 days 3 days

Frame 12 days 10 days 14 days

Electrical 9 days 8 days 10 days

Roof 5 days 5 days 5 days

Masonry 8 days 8 days 8 days

Interior 10 days 8 days 11 days

Exterior 7 days 7 days 8 days

Landscape 5 days 4 days 6 days

5 122 5

9

8

57

10

Most Likely Time : 5 + 2 + 12 + 9 + 10 + 7 + 5 = 50 daysOptimistic Time : 4 + 2 + 10 + 8 + 8 + 7 + 4 = 43 daysPessimistic Time : 7 + 3+ 14 + 10 + 11 + 8 + 6 = 59 daysExpected Time : ( 43 + 59 + 4*50 ) / 6 = 50.3 daysLimits of Expected Variation : ( 59 – 43 ) / 6 = 2.7 days

For the critical path, we canexpect the project to take from

47.6 days to 53.0 days

Process DecisionProgram Chart

(PDPC)

1) Identifying what can go wrong (failure mode or risks).

2) Consequences of that failure (effect or consequence) 3) Possible countermeasures (risk mitigation action plan)

Implementation of PDPC

Scenario:PlanningofConference

InterrelationshipDiagram

1.Develop the problem statement.

2.Develop issues related to the problem

3.Arrange the issues in a circle4.Identify cause-and-effect

relationships.

Implementation of Interrelationship Diagram

DRIVER

OUTCOME

Meaningful Measure of Success

Scenario: what are the issues related to reducing litter?

Thank YouAny Questions ?