applications of hydraulics&pneumatics : session 11

1

11Applications of

Hydraulic Pneumatics&By: Alireza Safikhani

Contents

•• StandardsStandards •• ActuatorsActuatorsBasic symbolsFunctional elementsFlowlinesConnectionsConditioners and plantPressure regulatorsRelief valves

Valve symbol structureValve functionsThree position valvesOperatorsPort markingFunction componentsSymbol Library

Graphic Symbols Standards

•• Pneumatic symbols conform to and are devised Pneumatic symbols conform to and are devised from the International Standard ISO 1219from the International Standard ISO 1219--1 19911 1991

•• This covers graphical symbols for Fluid Power This covers graphical symbols for Fluid Power Systems and ComponentsSystems and Components

•• Port markings for fluid power valves are not Port markings for fluid power valves are not covered by the ISO standard. These are taken from covered by the ISO standard. These are taken from the recommendations of CETOP RP 68 Pthe recommendations of CETOP RP 68 P

Basic Symbols

Shapes

•• These shapes and lines in the relative proportions These shapes and lines in the relative proportions shown, make up a set of basic symbols from which shown, make up a set of basic symbols from which fluid power symbols and circuits are constructed fluid power symbols and circuits are constructed

Basic Symbols (shapes)

•• Symbol sets can be drawn to any size but their Symbol sets can be drawn to any size but their scale and relative proportions are determined by a scale and relative proportions are determined by a basic dimension of your choice basic dimension of your choice ““ll””

Circles l energy conversion units

l3/4 measuring instrument

l1/3 mechanical link

l1/3 roller


Square at 45o

conditioning apparatusconnections to corners

Square control componentconnections perpendicular to sides

Rectangle cylinders and valves

l

l

l

> l


certain control methods, length between limits to suit

Rectangles

cushion

continuedpiston

max 2 l

min 1 l

1/2 l

l

1/4 l

1/4 l

1/2 l

1/2 l

Basic Symbols

rotary actuator, motor or pump with limited angle of rotation

Semi-circle

mechanical connectionpiston rod, lever, shaft

Double line

Capsule pressurised reservoir air receiver, auxiliary gas bottle

l

1/5 l

2 ll

Basic Symbols

Line Working line, pilot supply,return, electrical

Chain Enclosure of two or morefunctions in one unit

Dashed Pilot control, bleed, filter

Line Electrical line

1

2

3

12 10

Functional Elements

Functional Elements

Long sloping indicatesadjustability

Arrow1/3 l

size to suitSpring

Triangle Direction and nature of fluid,open pneumatic or filled hydraulic

1/4 l 1/2 l

Functional Elements

Straight or slopingpath and flow direction, or motion

Arrows

Size to suitRestriction

Tee Closed path or port

Functional Elements

90o angleSeating

rotary motionCurved arrows

clockwise from right hand endShaft rotationanti-clockwise from right hand endboth

Functional Elements

Indication or controlsize to suit

Temperature

Operator Opposed solenoid windings

Prime mover M MElectric motor

Flowlines and Connections

Flowlines

not connectedCrossing

Junction Single

Hose usually connectingparts with relative movement

Flexibleline

Junction Four way junction

Connections

ContinuousAir bleed

Air exhaust No means of connection

Temporary by probe

With means of connection

Connections

Both to exhaustCoupling quick release

Coupling quick release self sealing

Source sealed

Coupling quick release self sealing

Both sealed

Connections

Rotary connection one line

Rotary connection two lines

Rotary connection three lines

Conditioners and Pressure Producing Plant

Conditioners

•• Water separator with Water separator with manual drainmanual drain

Water separator with automatic drain

Filter with manual drain

Filter with automatic drain

Lubricator

Conditioners

•• DryerDryer

Cooler with and without coolant flow lines

Heater

Combined heater / cooler

Plant

•• Compressor and Compressor and electric motorelectric motor

Air receiver

Isolating valve

Air inlet filter

M

Pressure Control

Pressure regulators

•• A pressure regulator symbol represents a normal state with A pressure regulator symbol represents a normal state with the spring holding the regulator valve open to connect the the spring holding the regulator valve open to connect the supply to the outlet.supply to the outlet.The dotted line represents the feedback, this opposes the springand can vary the flow through the valve from full flow, through shut off, to exhaust. The symbol is usually drawn in only this one state. The flow path can be imagined to hinge at the right hand end to first shut off the supply then connect to the exhaust.

Adjustable Regulator with pressure gauge simplified

Adjustable Regulator simplified

Filter Regulator Lubricator

FRL Combined unit

FRL Simplified symbol

Pressure relief valves

•• A pressure relief valve symbol represents a normal state with A pressure relief valve symbol represents a normal state with the spring holding the valve closed. the spring holding the valve closed.

Adjustable relief valve simplified

The dotted line represents feed-forward, this opposes the spring and can be imagined to lift the flow path. When the pressure reaches an excess value the flow path will line up with the ports and flow air to relief.

Preset relief valve simplified

Actuators

Actuators

•• Cylinders symbols can be Cylinders symbols can be any length over any length over ““ll””

•• The piston and rod can be The piston and rod can be shown in the retracted, shown in the retracted, extended or any extended or any intermediate positionintermediate position

“l”

Single acting

•• Single acting sprung Single acting sprung instrokedinstroked

Single acting sprung outstroked

Single acting sprung instroked magnetic *

Single acting sprung outstroked magnetic *

* ISO 1219-1 provides no example for magnetic cylinders

Single acting without spring

•• Single acting normally Single acting normally instrokedinstrokedexternal force returnsexternal force returns

Single acting normally outstrokedexternal force returns

Single acting normally instrokedmagnetic external force returns

Single acting normally outstrokedmagnetic external force returns

Note: the hardware is usually double acting cylinders applied as single acting

Double acting

•• Double acting adjustable Double acting adjustable cushionscushions

Double acting through rod

Double acting magnetic *

Double acting rodless *

* ISO 1219-1 provides no example for magnetic or rodless cylinders

Rotary actuators

•• Semi rotary double actingSemi rotary double acting

Rotary motor single direction of rotation

Rotary motor bi-directional

Simplified cylinder symbols

•• Single acting load returnsSingle acting load returns

Single acting spring returns

Double acting non cushioned

Double acting adjustable cushions

Double acting through rod

Valve symbol structure


•• The function of a valve is given by a pair of The function of a valve is given by a pair of numerals separated by a stroke, e.g. 3/2..numerals separated by a stroke, e.g. 3/2..

•• The first numeral indicates the number of main The first numeral indicates the number of main ports. These are inlets, outlets and exhausts but ports. These are inlets, outlets and exhausts but excludes signal ports and external pilot feeds.excludes signal ports and external pilot feeds.

•• The second numeral indicates the number of states The second numeral indicates the number of states the valve can achieve.the valve can achieve.


•• A 3/2 valve therefore has 3 ports (normally these A 3/2 valve therefore has 3 ports (normally these are inlet, outlet and exhaust) and 2 states (the are inlet, outlet and exhaust) and 2 states (the normal state and the operated state)normal state and the operated state)

•• The boxes are two pictures of the same valve The boxes are two pictures of the same valve

normaloperated


•• A valve symbol shows the pictures for each of the A valve symbol shows the pictures for each of the valve states joined end to endvalve states joined end to end

normaloperated


•• A valve symbol shows the pictures for each of the A valve symbol shows the pictures for each of the valve states joined end to endvalve states joined end to end

normaloperated


•• The port connections are shown to only one of the The port connections are shown to only one of the diagrams to indicate the prevailing statediagrams to indicate the prevailing state

normal


•• The operator for a particular state is illustrated The operator for a particular state is illustrated against that stateagainst that state

Operated state produced bypushing a button




Normal state produced bya spring




Normal state produced bya spring


•• The valve symbol can be visualised as moving to The valve symbol can be visualised as moving to align one state or another with the port align one state or another with the port connectionsconnections






•• A 5/2 valve symbol is constructed in a similar way. A 5/2 valve symbol is constructed in a similar way. A picture of the valve flow paths for each of the A picture of the valve flow paths for each of the two states is shown by the two boxes. The 5 ports two states is shown by the two boxes. The 5 ports are normally an inlet, 2 outlets and 2 exhaustsare normally an inlet, 2 outlets and 2 exhausts


•• The full symbol is then made by joining the two The full symbol is then made by joining the two boxes and adding operators. The connections are boxes and adding operators. The connections are shown against only the prevailing stateshown against only the prevailing state






•• The recommended spacing of the connections The recommended spacing of the connections

1/4 l

1/4 l

1/2 l

1 l

1 /4 l

1/2 l

1/4 l

1/2 l

1/4 l

1/4 l

1/2 l


•• The boxes can be joined at either end but the The boxes can be joined at either end but the operator must be drawn against the state that it operator must be drawn against the state that it produces. The boxes can also be flippedproduces. The boxes can also be flipped

•• A variety of symbol patterns are possibleA variety of symbol patterns are possiblenormallyclosed

normallyopen


•• The boxes can be joined at either end but the The boxes can be joined at either end but the operator must be drawn against the state that it operator must be drawn against the state that it produces. The boxes can also be flippedproduces. The boxes can also be flipped

•• A variety of symbol patterns can be producedA variety of symbol patterns can be produced

Reverse connected

Valve functions

Valve functions

Function 2/2

Function 3/2

Normal position

Basic valves beforeoperators are added

Examples, push button operatedwith spring return

Valve functions

Function 2/2

Function 3/2

Operated position



Valve functions

Function 5/2

Function 4/2

Normal position



Valve functions

Function 5/2

Function 4/2

Operated position



Valve functions 5/3

•• Three position valves have a normal central Three position valves have a normal central position that is set by springs or with a manual position that is set by springs or with a manual control such as a levercontrol such as a lever

•• The flow pattern in the centre position varies with The flow pattern in the centre position varies with the type. Three types will be consideredthe type. Three types will be considered

•• 1, All ports sealed1, All ports sealed•• 2, Outlets to exhaust, supply sealed2, Outlets to exhaust, supply sealed•• 3, Supply to both outlets, exhausts sealed3, Supply to both outlets, exhausts sealed

Valves 5/3

All valves types shown in the normal position

Type 1. All ports sealed

Type 2. Outlets to exhaust

Type 3. Supply to outlets

Valves 5/3

All valves types shown in the first operated position




Valves 5/3





Valves 5/3

All valves types shown in the second operated position




Valves 5/3





Operators

Operators

General manual

Push button

Pull button

Push/pull button

Lever

Pedal

Treadle

Manual

Rotary knob

Operators

Mechanical

Plunger

Spring normally as a return

Roller

Uni-direction or one way trip

Pressure

Pilot pressure

Differential pressure

Detent in 3 positions

Operators

Solenoid direct

Solenoid pilot

Solenoid pilotwith manual overrideand integral pilot supply

Solenoid pilotwith manual override and external pilot supply

Electrical

When no integral or external pilot supply is shown it is assumed to be integral

Port markings

Port Markings

1

212 10

1

24

5 3

14 12

1

2

3

12 10

To CETOP RP68P

1

2 4

3

14 12

Port Markings

1

212 10

1

24

5 3

14 12

1

2

3

12 10

1

2 4

3

14 12

To CETOP RP68P

Port Markings

1

212 10

1

24

5 3

14 12

1

2

3

12 10

1

2 4

3

14 12

To CETOP RP68P

Port Markings

1

212 10

1

24

5 3

14 12

1

2

3

12 10

1

2 4

3

14 12

To CETOP RP68P

Port Markings

1

212 10

1

24

5 3

14 12

1

2

3

12 10

1

2 4

3

14 12

To CETOP RP68P

Function components

Function components

•• NonNon--return valve simplifiedreturn valve simplified

Flow regulator uni-directional

Flow regulator bi-directional simplified

Note: The output can exhaust back and is not trapped

Two pressure ‘AND’simplified

Shuttle valve ‘OR’ simplified

Function components

•• Quick exhaust valve with Quick exhaust valve with silencer simplifiedsilencer simplified

Silencer

Pressure to electric switch preset

Pressure to electric switch adjustable

Symbol Library

•• ActuatorsActuators

Solenoid Valves

Valves

Air Line

Click the section arrow to go to it

Function Components

Vacuum

Electrical and electronic

Symbol Library

ActuatorsActuators

Single acting cylinders

•• Sprung inSprung in

Sprung out

Magnetic sprung in

Magnetic sprung out

Magnetic sprung in non-rotating rod

Magnetic sprung out non-rotating rod


•• Sprung in adjustable Sprung in adjustable cushioncushion

Sprung out adjustable cushion

Magnetic sprung in adjustable cushion

Magnetic sprung out adjustable cushion


•• Sprung in adjustable Sprung in adjustable cushion noncushion non--rotating rotating rodrod

Sprung out adjustable cushion non-rotating rod

Magnetic sprung in adjustable cushion non-rotating rod

Magnetic sprung out adjustable cushion non-rotating rod

Single acting bellows

•• Bellows single Bellows single convolutionconvolution

Bellows double convolution

Bellows triple convolution

Double acting cylinders

Non-magnetic

Non-magnetic adjustable cushioned

Non-magnetic rod bellows

Magnetic hydraulic

Magnetic adjustable cushioned

Magnetic adjustable cushioned rod bellows

Magnetic


Non-rotating rod

Active brake

Passive brake

Magnetic non-rotating rod

Magnetic active brake

Magnetic passive brake

Guided rod magnetic


Non-magnetic through rod

Non-magnetic adjustable cushioned through rod

Magnetic through rod

Magnetic adjustable cushioned through rod


Three position adjustable cushions (equal strokes)

Three position adjustable cushions magnetic (equal strokes)

Four position adjustable cushions (unequal strokes)

Four position adjustable cushions magnetic (unequal strokes)

Other actuators

With electronic analogue output of piston position

Slide unit

Semi-rotary actuator

Rotary motor bi-directional and non-reversible

Rodless cylinders

•• CushionedCushionedCushioned magnetic

Cushioned passive brake

Cushioned magnetic passive brake

Cushioned active brake

Cushioned magnetic active brake

Rodless cylinders

•• Twin stroke Twin stroke cushionedcushioned

Twin stroke cushioned magnetic

Twin stroke air through carriage

Twin stroke air through carriage magnetic

Shock absorbers

•• Self adjustingSelf adjusting

Adjustable

End Symbol Library

Air Line EquipmentAir Line Equipment

Combination units

•• FRL with shut off valve and FRL with shut off valve and pressure gaugepressure gauge

Lubro-control unit

Filter and lubricator

Combination units

•• Breathing air setBreathing air set

Filter regulator

Filter regulator with gauge

Filters

•• Filter with manual drainFilter with manual drain

Filter with automatic drain

Filter with automatic drain and pressure drop indicator

Pressure regulators

•• PrePre--set relievingset relieving

Adjustable relieving

Adjustable relieving with pressure gauge

Pre-set relieving with pressure gauge

Pressure regulators

•• Pilot operatedPilot operated

Pilot operated regulator controlled from pilot regulator

Pilot regulator with independent feedback

Pressure regulators

•• Precision dual stage (11Precision dual stage (11--818)818)

Proportional pressure valve1

2

3

Lubricator

•• LubricatorLubricator

Pressure relief valves

•• Preset, no means of Preset, no means of connection to exhaustconnection to exhaust

Adjustable, no means of connection to exhaust

Preset, tapped exhaust port

Pilot operated

Adjustable, tapped exhaust port

Other components

•• SilencerSilencer

Water separator automatic drain

Filter silencer End

Symbol Library

Electrical and ElectronicElectrical and Electronic

Sensors

•• Reed switch 2 wireReed switch 2 wire

Reed switch changeover

Reed switch 3 wire with led indicator (emulating current sinking npn device)

Reed switch 3 wire with led indicator (emulating current sourcing pnp device)

Reed switch 2 wire with led indicator

blue

brown +V

Load 0V

brown +V

blue black

0V 0V Load

Load

brown +Vblue 0V

Load0V black

brown +Vblue 0V

Load+V black

brown +V

blue Load 0V

Loads must be additionally suppressed

Sensors

•• Solid state magnetic sensor Solid state magnetic sensor pnppnp (current (current sourcing)sourcing)

Solid state magnetic sensor plug in cable pnp(current sourcing)

Solid state magnetic sensor plug in cable npn (current sinking)

Solid state magnetic sensor npn (current sinking)

Solid state magnetic sensor with pulse extension

brown +Vblue 0V

blackpnp

Load 0V

13

4pnp

brown +Vblue 0V

black Load 0V

1

brown +Vblack

npnLoad +V

blue 0V

3

4npn

brown +Vblack Load +V

blue 0V

black Load 0V

brown +Vblue 0V


Sensors

•• Reed switch 2 wire with led indicator and Reed switch 2 wire with led indicator and plug in cableplug in cable

Reed switch 2 wire with led indicator and plug in cable

1

+ brown

blue

1

4

brown +V

black Load 0V

Load 0V


Electrical Symbols

Electrical symbols

•• Direct current ( Direct current ( DC )DC )

Alternating current ( AC )

AC or DC

Positive and negative polarity

Line to earth

Line to chassis

Cell

Battery 12 Vor

Electrical Components

•• Relay contactRelay contact •• General manual General manual switch contactswitch contact

Push button contact

Pull button contact

Twist switch contact

Roller switch contact

Delay to operate

Delay to reset

Normallyopen

Normallyclosed

Normallyopen

Normallyclosed


•• Relay coilRelay coil

Relay coil delay to operate contacts

Relay coil delay to reset contacts

Solenoid valve coil


•• Supply and Supply and returnreturn

Proximity switch

Touch sensitive switch

Pressure switch

Bell

Buzzer

Microphone

Loudspeaker

P

24V

0V

Electronic Component Symbols

Electronic Components

•• OptoOpto--isolatorisolator

Windingsinductorinductor with corevariable inductortransformer

Capacitorscapacitorpolarised capacitorvariable capacitorpre-set capacitor

Diodesdiodezener diodelight emitting diode

or

V

•• ResistorsResistors–– ResistorResistor–– VariableVariable–– PotentiometerPotentiometer–– PrePre--set potset pot–– Voltage dependentVoltage dependent–– Light dependentLight dependent


•• ThyristorThyristor

•• PhotoPhoto--transistortransistor

Triac

NPN Transistor

PNP Transistor

Fuse

Wires connected

Wires crossing

Double junction

or

or


•• Conductors in a Conductors in a cablecable

•• Meters for amps, Meters for amps, volts, ohms & volts, ohms & wattswatts

Conductors twisted

Plug and socket

Coaxial plug and socket

Motors dc & ac

Generator

Lamp steady & flashing

Operational amplifier

MM

A

W

V

G

End

Symbol Library

Function Fittings and ComponentsFunction Fittings and Components

Function fittings

•• Blocking fittingBlocking fitting

1

212

1

2

1

2

Pressure reducing fitting

Pneumatic sensor fitting

Function components

•• Air fuseAir fuse

Non return valve

Non return valve

Function components

•• bibi--directional flow regulatordirectional flow regulator

Exhaust flow regulator with and without silencer

Shuttle valve ‘OR’

Silencers

Two pressure valve ‘AND’ (will exhaust either signal back)

Function components

Uni-directional flow regulator

Rotating joint

Quick exhaust valve with and without silencer

Pressure indicator

Pressure drop indicator

Quick release couplings

Both sealed

Source sealed

Both to exhaust

made released

End Symbol Library

Solenoid ValvesSolenoid Valves

Solenoid valves

•• Direct solenoid actuated Direct solenoid actuated spring return 2/2 NCspring return 2/2 NC

Direct solenoid actuated spring return 3/2 NC

Direct solenoid actuated spring return 3/2 NO

with man override on the solenoid

2

12 210

21012

210

12

13

1

2

3

1012

1

2

3

12 10

13

12 10

Solenoid valves

•• Pilot solenoid actuated Pilot solenoid actuated spring return 3/2 NCspring return 3/2 NC

Pilot solenoid actuated spring return 3/2 NO

Pilot solenoid actuated pilot solenoid return 1

2

3

12 10

1

2

3

1012

1

2

3

12 10

1

2

3

12 10

1

2

3

12 10

1

2

3

12 10

with man override on the solenoid

Solenoid valves

1

24

5 3

14 12•• Pilot solenoid actuated Pilot solenoid actuated

spring return, 5/2spring return, 5/2

Pilot solenoid actuated spring return and manual override, 5/2Pilot solenoid actuated pilot solenoid return, 5/2

Pilot solenoid actuated pilot solenoid return and manual override, 5/2

1

24

5 3

14 12

1

24

5 3

14 12

1

24

5 3

14 12

Solenoid valves

24•• Pilot solenoid actuated Pilot solenoid actuated spring return, 5/2spring return, 5/2

Pilot solenoid actuated spring return and manual override, 5/2Pilot solenoid actuated and returned, 5/2

Pilot solenoid actuated and returned with manual overrides, 5/2

15 3

14 12

1

24

5 3

14 12

24

15 3

14 12

1

24

5 3

14 12

Reverse piped

Solenoid valves

•• Double pilot solenoid Double pilot solenoid actuated spring to centre all actuated spring to centre all ports sealed reverse pipedports sealed reverse piped

1

2

3

1012

1

24

5 3

14 12

Priority pilot solenoid actuated differential air return, 3/2


1

24

5 3

14 12

Solenoid valves


Priority pilot solenoid actuated air spring return, 5/2

1

2

3

1012

24

15 3

14 12

1

2

3

1012

1

24

5 3

14 12Priority pilot solenoid actuated differential air return, 5/2

Priority pilot solenoid actuated air spring return, 3/2

Solenoid valves

•• Pilot solenoid actuated Pilot solenoid actuated spring return, manual spring return, manual override, 5/2 with integral override, 5/2 with integral flow regulatorsflow regulators

Double pilot solenoid actuated, manual override, 5/2 with integral flow regulators

1

24

5 3

14 12

1

24

5 3

14 12

Solenoid valves

•• Double pilot solenoid Double pilot solenoid actuated, spring to centre actuated, spring to centre all ports sealed, 5/3 with all ports sealed, 5/3 with integral flow regulatorsintegral flow regulators

Double pilot solenoid actuated, spring to centre supply port sealed, 5/3 with integral flow regulatorsDouble pilot solenoid actuated, spring to centre supply to outlets, 5/3 with integral flow regulators

1

24

5 3

14 12

1

24

5 3

14 12

1

24

5 3

14 12

Proportional solenoid valves

•• Proportional flow to Proportional flow to electrical signal electrical signal

Proportional pressure to electrical signal

24

15 3

1

2

3

Safety related valves

•• Monitored dump valveMonitored dump valve

1

2

3

1012

Soft start valve

1

2

3

12

10

End Symbol Library

ValvesValves

Valves un-tapped exhaust

•• Plunger actuated spring Plunger actuated spring return 3/2 return 3/2

Rotary knob actuated detented 3/2

Key actuated detented3/2

1

2

3

12 10

1

2

3

12 10

1

2

3

12 10

1

2

3

12 10

1

2

3

12 10

Push button actuated spring return 3/2

Roller actuated spring return 3/2

Toggle actuated detented 3/2

1

2

3

12 10

Valves integral bleed supply

•• Plunger / bleed actuated air Plunger / bleed actuated air return 3/2 return 3/2

Antenna / bleed actuated air return 3/2

One way trip / bleed actuated air return 3/2

Roller / bleed actuated air return 3/2

Low pressure / bleed actuated air return 3/2

212 10

13

212 10

13

212 10

13

212 10

13

212 10

13

Valves external bleed supply

•• Plunger / bleed actuated air Plunger / bleed actuated air return 3/2 return 3/2

Antenna / bleed actuated air return 3/2

2

One way trip / bleed actuated air return 3/2

Roller / bleed actuated air return 3/2

Low pressure / bleed actuated air return 3/2

212 10

31

212 10

31

12 10

31

212 10

31

212 10

31

Pilot actuated valves

•• Pilot actuated spring return Pilot actuated spring return 2/2 2/2

Pilot actuated spring return 3/2

Differential pilot actuated 3/2

1

2

3

12 10

21012

1

12 210

1

NC NO

2

13

12 10

1

2

3

12 102

13

12 10Double pilot actuated 3/2

2

13

12 10

1

2

3

12 10


•• Pressure or vacuum Pressure or vacuum actuated spring return actuated spring return 2/2 (diaphragm valve) 2/2 (diaphragm valve)

Low pressure pilot actuated spring return 3/2

Low pressure pilot actuated and returned, 3/2

NC NO

Low pressure pilot actuated pilot return, 3/2

1

2

3

1210

2

13

1210

2

13

12 10

1

2

3

12 10

2

13

12 10

1

2

3

12 102

13

12 10

1

2

3

12 10


•• Remote pressure bleed Remote pressure bleed actuated spring return, actuated spring return, NC, 3/2 NC, 3/2

Remote pressure bleed actuated spring return, NO, 3/2

Remote pressure bleed actuated spring return, 5/2

1

2

3

12 1012 2

10

1

12 210

1 1

24

5 3

14 12

2

13

12 1012 2

10

1


•• Pilot actuated spring return, Pilot actuated spring return, 4/24/2

Pilot actuated spring return, 5/2

Double pilot actuated 5/2

24Differential pilot actuated 5/2

1

2 4

3

14 12

15 3

14 12

1

24

5 3

14 12

1

24

5 3

14 12


•• Pressure or vacuum Pressure or vacuum actuated spring return, actuated spring return, 5/2 (diaphragm valve)5/2 (diaphragm valve)

Low pressure pilot actuated spring return, 5/2

Low pressure pilot actuated and returned, 5/2

Low pressure pilot actuated pilot return, 5/2

1

24

5 3

1412

1

24

5 3

14 12

1

24

5 3

14 12

1

24

5 3

14 12


•• Double pilot actuated spring Double pilot actuated spring to centre all ports sealedto centre all ports sealed

Double pilot actuated spring to centre supply port sealed

Double pilot actuated spring to centre supply to outlets

1

24

5 3

1

24

5 3

1

24

5 3

Mechanically actuated valves

•• Plunger actuated spring Plunger actuated spring return 2/2 return 2/2

Plunger actuated spring return 3/2

Plunger actuated air reset 3/2

NC NO

2

13

12 10

12 210

1

1

2

3

12 10

21012

1

1

2

3

12 102

13

12 10


•• Plunger actuated spring Plunger actuated spring return, 4/2return, 4/2

Plunger actuated spring return, 5/2

Plunger actuated air reset 5/2

1

24

5 3

14 12

1

2 4

3

14 12

1

24

5 3

14 12


•• Roller actuated spring Roller actuated spring return 2/2 return 2/2

Roller actuated spring return 3/2

Roller actuated air reset 3/2

2

NC NO

2

13

12 10

13

12 10

2

13

12 10

1

2

3

12 10

12 210

1

21012

1


•• Roller actuated spring Roller actuated spring return, 4/2return, 4/2

Roller actuated spring return, 5/2

Roller actuated air reset 5/2

1

24

5 3

14 12

1

2 4

3

14 12

1

24

5 3

14 12


•• One way trip actuated One way trip actuated spring return 2/2 spring return 2/2

One way trip actuated spring return 3/2

One way trip actuated air reset 3/2

NC NO

1

2

3

12 102

13

12 10

12 210

1

21012

1

1

2

3

12 102

13

12 10


•• One way trip actuated One way trip actuated spring return, 4/2spring return, 4/2

One way trip actuated spring return, 5/2

One way trip actuated air reset 5/2

1

24

5 3

14 12

1

2 4

3

14 12

1

24

5 3

14 12

Manually actuated valves

•• Push button actuated spring Push button actuated spring return 2/2 return 2/2

Push button actuated spring return 3/2

Push button actuated air reset 3/2

NC NO

21012

1

12 210

1

2

13

12 10

1

2

3

12 10

1

2

3

12 102

13

12 10


•• Push button actuated spring Push button actuated spring return, 4/2return, 4/2

Push button actuated spring return, 5/2

Push button actuated air reset 5/2

1

24

5 3

14 12

1

2 4

3

14 12

1

24

5 3

14 12


•• Lever actuated spring Lever actuated spring return 2/2 return 2/2

Lever actuated spring return 3/2

Lever actuated air reset 3/2

NC NO

12

210

1

2

1312

10

1

2

312

10

210

121

1

2

312

1012

2

13

10


•• Lever actuated spring Lever actuated spring return, 4/2return, 4/2

Lever actuated spring return, 5/2

Lever actuated air reset 5/21

24

5 314

12

1

24

5 314

12

1

2 4

314

12


•• Lever actuated lever Lever actuated lever return, variable throttling, return, variable throttling, 4/24/2

Lever actuated lever return, variable throttling, detented, 4/2

Rotary knob actuated and returned, variable throttling, 4/2

14

2 4

1 3

12

142 4

1 3

12

2 412

1 314


•• Lever actuated spring to Lever actuated spring to centre all ports sealedcentre all ports sealed

Lever actuated spring to centre supply port sealed

Lever actuated spring to centre supply to outlets

1

24

5 3

1

24

5 3

1

24

5 3

14 12

14 12

14 12


•• Lever actuated, Lever actuated, detenteddetented, , all ports sealed centreall ports sealed centre

Lever actuated, detented, supply port sealed centre

Lever actuated, detented, supply to outlets centre 1

24

5 3

14

12

1

24

5 3

14

12

1

24

5 3

14

12


NC NO

Pedal actuated spring return 3/2

Treadle actuated detented3/2

1

2

3

12

10

2

13

12

10

1

2

3

1210

2

13

12 10


•• Pedal actuated spring Pedal actuated spring return, 4/2return, 4/2

Pedal actuated spring return, 5/2

Treadle actuated detented5/2

1

2 4

3

14 12

1

24

5 3

1412

1

24

5 3

1412


•• Treadle actuated spring to Treadle actuated spring to centre all ports sealedcentre all ports sealed

Treadle actuated spring to centre supply port sealed 1

24

5 3

14 12

1

24

5 3

14 12


•• Treadle actuated, Treadle actuated, detenteddetented, , all ports sealed centreall ports sealed centre

Treadle actuated, detented, supply port sealed centre 1

24

5 3

1

24

5 3

14

12

14

12


•• Push button actuated rotary Push button actuated rotary manual return 3/2 manual return 3/2

Push button actuated key return 3/2

Push actuated pull or air returned 3/2

1

2

3

12 10

1

2

3

12 10Push actuated pull returned 3/2

1

2

3

12 10

1

2

3

12 10

Safety related valves

•• Monitored dump valveMonitored dump valve

1

2

3

1012

Emergency stop valve

Soft start valve

1

2

3

12

10

1

2

3

12 10

Special purpose valves

Impulse generator 1

2

3

End

Symbol Library

Vacuum EquipmentVacuum Equipment

Vacuum equipment

•• Vacuum generatorVacuum generator

Vacuum cups

Vacuum switch pneumatic 1

2

3

2

13

NONC

Vacuum equipment

•• Vacuum switch electric, Vacuum switch electric, normally open and normally normally open and normally closedclosed

Vacuum transducer with analog and switched outputs npn

Vacuum transducer with analog and switched outputs pnp

V dcAnalog outSwitch out 0 V

+V dc supply (brown)Analog out (white)Switch out (black)0 V (blue) Load

+V dc supply (brown)Analog out (white)Switch out (black)0 V (blue) Load

V dcAnalog outSwitch out 0 V

Vacuum equipment

•• Vacuum filterVacuum filter

Vacuum silencer

Vacuum gauge

applications of hydraulics&pneumatics : session 11

Documents

spring single acting

acting throu

double acting cylinders

pressure relief valve

pressure regulator symbol

p basic symbols

regulator valve

set of basic symbols