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Apprenticeship in GermanyL’apprendistato in Germania

Festival del Lavoro, Brescia (Italy)Workshop 21 June 2012

“Dove si incontra il lavoro: L’apprendistato in Europa”

Jessica ErbeFederal Institute for Vocational Education and Training

(BIBB, Bonn)

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Contents of the Presentation

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“Locating” the apprenticeship in the German education system

Understanding the “dual” apprenticeship system (training purpose, main principles of the VET system, formalisation,organisation or: what's „dual“ about it?)

Financial aspects of the apprenticeship Key Figures on the apprenticeship (entry rates, age &

prior education of pupils, apprentices & companies, duration, success, employment)

Role of social partners

Abbreviation: (I)VET stands for (initial) vocational education and training

“Apprenticeship in Germany” (Jessica Erbe, BIBB; 21 June 2012 Brescia)

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Continuing education

Education System in Germany (simplified)

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Dual system 45%

ISCED 3B

Lower secondary school

Secondary level I 10 (12) to 15/16 years

Primary level 6 to 10 (12) years

Secondary level II 16 to 19 years – with re-entriesbetween sectors

Tertiary levelover 19 years

Primary school

Full-time voc. school 15% ISCED 3B

Upper secondary school 40%ISCED 3A

Intermediateschool

Grammarschool

Universities

ISCED 5A+6

Continuing vocational training

ISCED 5B

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What is the Training Purpose of the Apprenticeship?

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Learning at the work place

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What are the main principles of VET system?

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2011 350 training regulations

1996 - 2010 82 New training regulations230 modernised training regulations

example mechatronic

On what basis are people trained?

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In-Company Training

Apprenticeship contract

Chambers and othercompetent bodies

Trainer

Vocational Training Act

Company training schedule

Enterprise

Training regulations

Compulsory vocational school

District Presidents or School supervisor

Vocational school teacher

School acts of the states

Curriculum

Vocational school

Framework curricula

Counselling and monitoring

Training personnel

Legal basis for training

Learning venues

Legal basis fortraining relationship

Legal basis for recognised occupations

Content of training

School Training

What's „Dual“ about the German Dual System? Basic Elements

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FundingTraining enterprises States, districts and municipalities

€

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Figures for the year 2007/ 30.9 billion EUR (in total)

State

Who finances the apprenticeship?

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Why? What are the Costs and Benefits for Companies?

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Source: Walden et al. 2008 (BIBB)

Average amountsper apprentice per year

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Who Enters the Apprenticeship System?

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Level of school leaving certificate of all new apprentices in 2009 (100%)

Average age of apprenticeship beginner

19+ years

Source: BIBB-Datenreport 2011

Entries into IVET 2010

Dual system IVET 560 000 51%Full-time school IVET 220 000 20%Transition/Integration 320 000 29%

grammar school (could go to univ.) 20%intermediate school 43%secondary general school 33%no school leaving certificate 4%

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Number of newly concluded training contracts in 2010male 57,7 %; female 42,3 %

560.073

Number of apprentices in totalout of which publicly funded

1.571.45710,5%

Source: BIBB-Datenreport 2011, Figures for Germany

Key Figures on the Apprenticeship in the Dual System

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Companies offering training (2010) 470.000 = 22,5% of all companies

Average training allowance 678 €

Training contracts' termination rate (2009) 22,6%

Final examinations' success rate 90,2%

Number of training profiles 350

Regular duration 2 – 3,5 years

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How is the Labour Market Situation after the Apprenticeship?

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(in 2011) Germany EU15-24 year olds 8,1 % 22,7 %25-74 year olds 5,2 % 8,4 %Total 5,5 % 9,8 %

(in 2009) GermanyNo vocational qualification 21,9 %Vocational qualification (IVET/CVET) 6,6 %Higher education degree (ISCED 5A) 2,5 %Total 8,4 %

Overall unemployment rate by age

Unemployment rate by qualification

Companies' in-take rate after graduation 61 %

Employment in the company where the apprenticeship was made

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National level

Participation of representatives of the trade unions and employers in the development of standards;

Official recommendations relating to all fields of VET

Regional level

Federal states: Recommendations regarding the coordination between school and enterprise

Competent bodies: Counselling; monitoring / quality assurance; examinations; certificates

Sectoral levelNegotiations on the supply of apprenticeships; wage agreements covering apprenticeship pay

Company level Planning and carrying out training in the enterprises

Governance: Role of the Social Partners

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Governance: Responsibilities of Competent Bodies

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= chambers of skilled crafts

= chambers of industry &

commerce

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Thank you for your attention.

Jessica ErbeBundesinstitut für BerufsbildungTel.: +49 228 107 2403e-Mail: erbe@bibb.de

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