APPS Honorary Member

Dr Jack Simmonds

THE PROFESSIONAL CAREER OF JOHN (JACK) H. SIMMONDS

The following discourse was written by Gordon S. Purss in support of an Honorary Doctor of Science for Jack H. Simmonds, former Director of the Plant Pathology Branch of the Queensland Department of Primary Industries. The original, hand-typed document, initialed G.P. and dated 30 May 1969, is now stored in the files of the DPI&F Plant Disease Herbarium.

Andrew D. W. Geering, 29 June 2008

Mr. J.H. Simmonds graduated from the University of Queensland in 1923 completing a 1st class Honours Degree in Science. He was appointed to the staff of the Entomology Branch of the Department of Agriculture and Stock in that year.

In August 1924 he returned to the University to undertake post graduate specialist training in plant pathology. He returned to the Department on 1st January 1923, after gaining his Master of Science degree and was appointed the first full time plant pathologist. He became responsible for the investigation of all plant diseases and produced a steady stream of publications from 1927 until his retirement in 1966.

From March 1931 until April 1932, Mr. Simmonds was granted leave without pay to undertake an overseas tour. This was devoted to visiting institutions carrying out research into Plant Pathology in U.S.A., Canada, Europe, North Africa (Egypt), Palestine, India, Malaya and Java. He undertook a post graduate course at the Imperial College in London for one term. That Mr. Simmonds should undertake such a tour, at considerable personal expense to equip himself more adequately for the task indicates the devotion he had to his profession. This was at a time when there was not the enlightened attitude that exists today towards such tours.

With the advent of World War II Mr. Simmonds joined the A.I.F. as a Captain and rose to the rank of Major. He was appointed to the 11th Malaria Unit and was awarded an M.B.E. for his work on mosquito control carried out at great personal risk. He applied DDT in pioneering field work and his report attracted world attention.

He returned to the Department in 1946 as Officer-in-Charge of the Science Branch. Despite his administrative duties in Plant Pathology, Entomology and Botany he still continued with an active research programme as his publication list testifies. Later the three branches obtained separate status and Mr. Simmonds continued to control Plant Pathology. In 1961, as he approached retirement he relinquished his administrative position in order to complete a number of projects to which he attached great importance. He also felt that this action would mean that younger men would have a chance for advancement.

Research activities

These activities covered a wide field but it is in the field of tropical fruit crop research that Mr. Simmonds left his greatest mark making notable contributions in bananas, pineapples, passion fruit and papaw. Among his outstanding contributions are this studies on leaf spot (Mycosphaerella musicola) on bananas under Queensland conditions. His work on the epidemiology of this disease set the pattern for control programmes worked out in later years. He described the fungal species Alternaria passiflorae the casual agent of brown spot of the passion vine. He did detailed field studies on the etiology and epidemiology of another new disease of passion fruit, powdery spot and fruit scab (Cladosporium herbarum). He was one of the first workers to use the concept of mild strain protection to control a virus disease in the field – the woodiness virus of the passion vine. He was associated with the early work on squirter disease of banana and in 1933 showed that it was caused by a parasitic fungus (Nigrospora sphaerica). With R.S. Mitchell he formulated control measures for this disease which are still in use to-day. With this same author he published a bulletin on the etiology and epidemiology of anthracnose and black-end of banana which was also an outstanding contribution.

His special field was however fruit rots of tropical fruit and he won an international reputation in this work. His paper “Latent infection in tropical fruits discussed in relation to the part played by species of Gleosporium and Colletotrichum” published in 1941 stands high in the annals of plant pathological literature. In it he described the nature of latent infection in fruit, a matter which had been hypothesized by not clearly demonstrated previously. This paper was supplemented by a further publication in 1963 in which explanations for latent infections were thoroughly investigated. Mr. Simmonds in 1965 published “A Study of the species of Colletotrichum causing ripe fruit rots in Queensland” in which his detailed work in the sorting out of the taxonomy of the species of Collectotrichum involved in ripe fruit rots is described. He designated a new form of Colletotrichum gloeosporioidesand a new species, Colletotrichum acutatum. There is no doubt that these three papers together constitute a most significant contribution to plant pathological knowledge. Considered in the context of knowledge of the era his paper in 1941 was quite outstanding.

Mr. Simmonds’ final contribution before his retirement, the Host Index of Plant Diseases in Queensland, was published in 1966. This was a monumental task requiring an enormous amount of mycological taxonomic work. It is a complete record of all plant diseases and their casual organisms recorded in Queensland and has created intense interest not only in Queensland but throughout Australia and overseas countries. It is one of the best publications of its kind.

Research leadership

Under Mr. Simmonds’ leadership the plant pathology section of the Department of Primary Industries developed steadily. At the time of his retirement in 1966 there were twenty scientists in the section with activities ranging from specialist activity in virology, bacteriology and mycology to plant pathologists situated at seven field stations throughout Queensland.

He encouraged an inquiring mind amongst his staff which he administered with a minimum of red tape. He allowed workers to develop their own particular attitudes towards problems encouraging them always to look beneath the surface, to be perhaps a little fundamental in approach. The aim always was a better understanding of diseases and with this a better chance of control. Perhaps the overall approach he encouraged is best illustrated by a statement in the introduction to one of his own papers:

“These questions are of more than academic interest, since a more thorough knowledge of the mechanism of latent infection will contribute very largely towards the practical solution of the ripe rot problem.

Above all the example he set both in originality and application was instrumental in moulding his staff into a fine research team. The reputation of plant pathology in Queensland as a result stands high, not only in the rest of Australia, but in overseas countries as well.

Extension Work In Plant Pathology

In his early days as a plant pathologist Mr. Simmonds was concerned that knowledge of diseases of all crops should be disseminated widely. This meant carrying out many field experiments to demonstrate control in diverse crops. Many advisory leaflets were prepared by him and these were assembled in two publications 1) Pests and Diseases of Queensland Fruits and Vegetables by R. Veitch and J.H. Simmonds in 1929 and 2) “Queensland Plant Diseases and their Contol” a section of Qld Agricultural and Pastoral Handbook Volume III in 1938. He was later associated with a revision of this publication with other officers of the Science Branch as a result of which Volume III of the Agricultural and Pastoral handbook was published in 1951. That such publications could be produced by a man carrying on a full time research programme is a tribute to his application and dedication.

In the list of publications that follows extension articles which were later grouped together in the handbooks published in 1929 and 1938 have not been listed.

General

Mr. Simmonds’ major contributions to science in general and plant pathology in particular may be listed as follows:-

1. He is regarded as one of the “fathers” of plant pathology in Australia. 2. His untiring efforts and loyalty to Queensland resulted in the development of the Plant

Pathology Section within the Department of Primary Industries. It is one of the major groups engaged in plant disease studies in the Commonwealth and certainly the leader in the pathology of tropical crops.

3. Under his leadership and through his own personal effort the Plant Pathology Section has made an immeasurable and lasting contribution to the primary industries of Queensland both in plant disease research and extension activities.

4. His published and unpublished contributions to science are of major and lasting significance. 5. He served with distinction on many industry and Department committees and boards and

was a member of the editorial board of the Queensland Journal of Agricultural Science. 6. Mr. J.H. Simmonds is a man of considerable scholarship and although his ability and

intelligence are well above average he always found time to foster and encourage the most junior staff member. The award of a military M.B.E. bears testimony to his great personal attributes. He is a humble man imbued with the highest of ideals.

Publications

SIMMONDS, J.H. (1929). – Diseases of pineapples. Qd Agric. J. 32:398-405. VEITCH, R. and SIMMONDS, J.H. (1929). – Pests and Diseases of Queensland Fruits and

Vegetables. Govt. Printer, Brisbane.

SIMMONDS, J.H. (1930). – Brown spot of the passion vine. Qd Agric. J. 34:564-585. SIMMONDS, J.H. (1931). – Soft rot (water blister) of pineapples. Qd Agric. J. 36:394-398. DICKSON, B.T., ANGELL, H.R. and SIMMONDS, J.H. (1931). – The control of soft rot (water

blister) of pineapples cause by Thielaviopsis paradoxa. J. Coun. Sci. Ind. Res. 4:152-161. SIMMONDS, J.H. (1932). – Powdery spot and fruit scab of the passion vine. Qd Agric. J.

38:143-152. SIMMONDS, J.H. (1933). – Banana leaf spot. Qd Agric. J. 39:21-40. SIMMONDS, J.H. (1933b). – Squirter Disease of bananas. Qd Agric. J 40:98-115 SIMMONDS, J.H. (1935). – Diseases of the banana. Qd Agric. J. 43:254-267 SIMMONDS, J.H. (1937). – Diseases of the papaw. Qd Agric. J. 48:544-552 SIMMONDS, J.H., and MITCHELL, R.S. (1937). – The squirter disease in bananas with special

reference to its control. Qd Agric J. 47:542-548 SIMMONDS, J.H. and MANDELSON, L.F. (1937). – the treatment of tobacco seed-bed covers

to prolong their useful life. Qd Agric. J. 48:112-115 SIMMONDS, J.H. (1938). – “Queensland Plant Diseases and their Control”. (Government

Printer, Brisbane); and in “Queensland Agricultural and Pastoral Handbook, vol. III”. (Government Printer, Brisbane).

SIMMONDS, J.H. (1938b). – Alternaria passiflorae n. sp., the causal organism of brown spot of the passion vine. Proc. Roy. Soc. Qd 49:15-151

SIMMONDS, J.H. (1939). – The influence of seasonal conditions on the development of Cercospora leaf spot of the banana, with special reference to the control programme. Qd Agric. J. 52:633-647.

SIMMONDS, J.H. and MITCHELL R.S. (1940). – Black end and anthracnose of the banana with special reference to Gloeosporium musarum Cke. & Mass, Coun. Sci. Industr. Res. Aust. Bull. 131.

SIMMONDS, J.H. (1941). – Latent infections in tropical fruits discussed in relation to the part played by species of Gloeosporium and Colletotrichum. Proc. Roy. Soc. Qd 52:92-120.

SIMMONDS, J.H. (1951). – A little known parasitic flowering plant. Qd Nat. 14:66-68. SIMMONDS, J.H. (1959). – Mild strain protection as a means of reducing losses from the

Queensland woodiness virus in the passion vine. Qd J. Agric. Sci. 16:371-380. SIMMONDS, J.H. (1963). – Studies in the latent phase of Colletotrichum species causing ripe

rots of tropical fruits. Qd J. Agric. Sci. 20:373-424. SIMMONDS, J.H. (1965). – Papaw diseases. Qd Agric. J. 91:666-677. SIMMONDS, J.H. (1965b). – A study of the species of Colletotrichum causing ripe fruit rots in

Queensland. Qd J. Agric. Anim. Sci. 22:437-459. SIMMONDS, J.H. (1966) – Host Index of Plant Diseases in Queensland. Govt. Printer,

Brisbane.

Type specimens of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides var. minor and Colletotrichum acutatum

By J.H. Simmonds

The above organisms were described in the Queensland Journal of Agricultural and Animal Sciences 22:437-459, 1965. It was there stated that representative dried cultures had been deposited in the Herbaria of the Botany Department of the University of Queensland and the Commonwealth Mycological Institute. Unfortunately no single specimen was designated as a type. The type of the name concerned is as follows:

Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Penz. var. minor J.H. Simmonds (Qd J. Agric. Anim. Sci. 22:437-459, 1965). Type: IMI 117612, isolated from Carica papaya, Ormiston, 1965. Paratypes: IMI 117613-117616; BRIU 2438-2441.

Colletotrichum acutatum J.H. Simmonds (Qd J. Agric. Anim. Sci. 22:437-459, 1965). Type: IMI 117617, isolated from Carica papaya, Ormiston, 1965. Paratypes: IMI 117618-117623; BRIU 2431-2437.

Obituary

A tribute to John Howard Simmonds

J.L. AlcornA and G.S. Purss"ADivision of Plant Protection, Department of Primary Industries, Indooroopilly, Queensland 4068852 Townsend Crescent, Buderim, Queensland 4556

J.H. Simmonds, a pioneer in plant pathology in Aus­tralia, was born in the Brisbane suburb of Taringa on13 June 1901. This resume of his professional lifewas prepared as a tribute to his achievements in ourscience.

The early years

J.H. Simmonds was appointed to the Department ofAgriculture and Stock (now Department of PrimaryIndustries) in Brisbane on 6 October 1922, in theposition of Assistant to Entomologist. Special leavewas granted immediately to allow completion of uni­versity studies, and he took up duty on 19 March1923 with a B.Sc. (Hons) from the University ofQueensland. His immediate superiorwas HenryTryon,Government Entomologist from 1894-1900 and Gov­ernment Entomologist and Vegetable Pathologist1901-1929. Others appointed to Tryon's staff at aboutthe same time were WAT. Summerville, J. Weddelland F. Holdaway. As graduates, Simmonds andHoldaway were paid £300 ($600) per annum, whilethe qualification of Senior Public examination entitledthe other two appointees to £250.

The four new staff worked together in one room,sharing a table on which each person's working spacewas delimited by chalk lines. The nearest telephonewas on the floor above, and scientific equipmentconsisted mainly of hand lenses and jars used toelucidate insect life cycles, then unknown for some ofthe economically important plant pests. J.H.Simmonds was assigned field work, mainly in coastaldistricts served by the railway. Such trips usuallyinvolved considerable walking carrying a field bag,although occasionally travel was on horseback. Over­night stays in country hotels were common. Fieldwork by staff appointed in later years was also en­couraged and was facilitated by useful grower coop­eration.

During the first years with Henry Tryon he wasintroduced to and became interested in plant pathol­ogy, a subject not available in his university training.He therefore returned to the University of Queenslandin August 1924, where DA Herbert (later Professorof Botany) provided instruction in mycology and plant

Australasian Plant Pathology Vol. 21 (3) 1992

J.H. Simmonds on his retirement, 1966

pathology. J.H. Simmonds returned to Departmentalservice in 1926 and was appointed the first-full timeplant pathologist. With the exception of war service,he served in this speciality for 40 years until hisretirement in 1966. His appointment, and that of R.B.Morwood to assist him in a plant pathology section,was the beginning of plant pathology as a separatediscipline within the Department of AgriCUlture andStock. The new unit was housed in a large roomcombining the functions of office, preparation areaand laboratory, and additional equipment (autoclave,incubator, second-hand microscope) allowed moresophisticated investigations than were possible pre­viously.

From March 1931 until April 1932, Mr. Simmondswas granted leave without pay to undertake a person­ally funded overseas tour. This was devoted to visit­ing institutions carrying out research into plant pa­thology in USA, Canada, Britain, Egypt, Palestine,India, Malaya and Java. In those pre-air travel days,twelve different ships were used to complete the trip.

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That Mr. Simmonds should undertake such a tour atconsiderable personal expense,to equip himself moreadequately for his duties, is indicative of his profes­sional commitment.

War service

In 1941 Mr. Simrnonds enlisted with the AustralianArmy Medical Corps, and with the rank of Captainwas posted as Officer Commanding the 17th FieldHygiene Section. He was later appointed O.C. 11thArmy Malaria Control Unit and served at Buna andother centres in Papua New Guinea. His unit pio­neered work on evaluation of the then new chemicalDOT for control of malaria vectors in the field. Practi­cal considerations involved in maintaining a highlevel of control left little time for army regimentation.In February 1945 Mr. Simmonds was appointed O.C.1st Mobile Entomological Section (AIF) with the rankof Major, and saw service in Bougainville and Rabaul.His war service ended one year later.

1946-1966

In 1945 the Department of Agriculture and Stock wasreorganised into five divisions, including the Divisionof Plant Industry. This division was made up ofAgriculture, Horticulture, and Science Branches, aChemical Laboratory, and the Bureau of Sugar Ex­periment Stations. J.H. Simmonds returned to theDepartment in 1946 as Officer-in-Charge of the Sci­ence Branch. Despite his administrative duties inPlant Pathology, Entomology and Botany he stillcontinued an active research program Later, thethree sections obtained separate status and Mr.Simmonds continued in control of Plant Pathology asGovernment Plant Pathologist. In 1961, as he ap­proached retirement, he relinquished his administra­tive position in orderto complete a number of projectsto which he attached great importance. He also feltthat this action would mean that younger officerswould have a chance for advancement.

Research activities

These covered a wide field but it is in the area oftropical fruit crop research that Mr. Simmonds left hisgreatest mark, making notable contributions in ba­nanas, pineapples, passion fruit and papaw. Amonghis outstanding contributions are his studies on ba­nana leaf spot caused by Mycosphaerella musicola(Simmonds 1933; 1939) under Queensland condi-

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tions. His work on the epidemiology of this diseaseset the pattern for control programs worked out inlater years. He described the fungal species Alternariapassiflorae, the causal agent of brown spot of thepassion vine (Simmonds 1938), and conducted de­tailed studies on the etiology and epidemiology of thedisease. He researched the etiology and epidemiol­ogy of another new disease of passion fruit, powderyspot and fruit scab caused by Cladosporium herbarum(Simmonds 1932), and was one of the first workers touse the concept of mild strain protection to control avirus disease in the field - the woodiness virus of thepassion vine (Simmonds 1959). He was associatedwith the early work on squirter disease of banana andin 1933 showed that it was caused by the fungusNigrospora sphaerica.

J.H. Simmonds' special field, however, was fruitrots of tropical fruit and he won an internationalreputation for his work in this area, His paper "Latentinfection in tropical fruits discussed in relation to thepart played by species of Gloeosporium andColletotrichum", published in 1941, is a classic in theannals of plant pathological literature. In it he de­scribed the nature of latent infection in fruit, a matterwhich had been hypothesised but not clearly demon­strated previously. This paper was supplemented bya further publication in 1963 in which explanations forlatent infections were thoroughly investigated. In 1965he published "A study of the species of Colletotrichumcausing ripe fruit rots in Queensland" in which isdescribed his detailed taxonomic work which clarifiedthe taxonomy of the species of Colletotrichum in­volved. He designated a new variety of Colletotrichumgloeosporioides (var. minor) and a new species, C.acutatum. There is no doubt that these three paperstogether constitute a most significant contribution toplant pathological knowledge. Considered in the con­text of knowledge of the era, his paper in 1941 wasquite outstanding.

Mr. Simmonds' final contribution before his retire­ment, the Host Index of Plant Diseases in Queens­land, was published in 1966. This is a completerecord of all plant diseases and their causal organ­isms recorded in Queensland up to that time, and isin continuous use today as a reliable source of infor­mation for plant pathologists, quarantine authoritiesand others.

Research leadership

Under Mr. Simmonds' leadership the Plant PathologySection of the Department of Primary Industries de­veloped steadily. At the time of his retirement in 1966there were twenty scientists in the Section with activi-

Australasian Plant Pathology Vol. 21 (3) 1992

ties ranging from specialist activity in virology, bacte­riology and mycology to plant pathologists situated atseven field stations throughout Queensland.

He encouraged an inquiring mind amongst hisstaff whom he administered with a minimum of redtape. Although always willing to advise, he allowedworkers to develop their own particular attitudes to­wards problems, encouraging them always to lookbeneath the surface, to do research if necessary. Theaim always was a better understanding of diseasesand with this a better chance of control. Perhaps theoverall approach he encouraged is best illustrated bya statement in the introduction to one of his ownpapers.

"These questions are of more than academic inter­est, since a more thorough knowledge of the mecha­nism of latent infection will contribute very largelytowards the practical solution of the ripe rotproblem ... ".

Above all, the example he set in both originalityand application was instrumental in moulding hisstaff into a fine research team. At the time of hisretirement the plant pathology group he establishedenjoyed a reputation for excellence, both in Australiaand overseas, due in no small way to his leadershipand example.

Extension plant pathology

In his early days as a plant pathologist Mr. Simmondswas concerned that knowledge of diseases of allcrops should be disseminated widely. This meantcarrying out many field experiments to demonstratecontrol in diverse crops. Many advisory leaflets wereprepared by him and these were assembled in twopublications 1) Pests and Diseases of QueenslandFruits and Vegetables, by R. Veitch and J.H.Simmonds (1929) and 2) "Plant Diseases and theirControl" a section of Queensland Agricultural andPastoral Handbook, Volume III (1938). With otherofficers of the Science Branch he was involved with arevision of this work published in 1951. That suchpublications could be produced by a man carrying ona full-time research program is a tribute to his appli­cation and dedication.

Awards etc.

J.H. Simmonds was awarded an MBE (Military Divi­sion) for his war service in malaria control. An honor­ary D.Sc. was conferred by the University of Queens­land in 1969, for his contributions to the investigationand control of plant diseases in Queensland. Three

Australasian Plant Pathology Vol. 21 (3) 1992

fungi have been named in his honour, CoIletogloeumsimmondsii (on Acacia complanata), Quasidiscussimmondsii (on Macadamia), and the monotypichyphomycete genus Monodisma (M. fragilis onImperata cylindrica var. major). The last-named isderived anagrammatically, in deference to Mr.Simmonds' expressed wish, when permission wassought, that his name should not be recognisable inthe generic name chosen. This is a good example ofhis retiring nature and humility.

In his long retirement J.H. Simmonds has main­tained an interest in the profession, and for manyyears collected microfungi on native plants during histrips to various localities of interest around Australia.

In his 92nd year, his many friends and formercolleagues in plant pathology in Queensland join insaluting his achievements.

Acknowledgements

Information on pre-war activities was abstracted froman unpublished document by J.H. Simmonds on theearly years of plant pathology in Queensland, sincepublished in slightly abbreviated form (Simmonds1991). We are grateful to J.E.C. Aberdeen and D.G.Parbery for assistance in the preparation of this trib­ute, and to the latter for his suggestion that it bewritten.

Publications by J.H. Simmonds

Dickson, B.T., Angell, H.R. and Simmonds, J.H. (1931) - Thecontrol of soft rot (water blister) of pineapples caused byThielaviopsis paradoxa. Joumal of the Council for Scien­tine andIndustrial Research, Australia 4: 152-161.

Simmonds, J.H. (1927) - Spotted wilt of tomatoes. Queens­landAgricultural Jouma/28: 28-30.

Simmonds, J.H. (1927) - Irish blight of tomatoes. Queens­landAgricultural Jouma/28: 453-455.

Simmonds, J.H. (1928) - Diseases of the banana in Queens­land. Queensland AgriCUltural Jouma/30: 438-454.

Simmonds, J.H. (1928) - Flag smut of wheat. QueenslandAgriCUltural Jouma/30: 542-548.

Simmonds, J.H. (1929) - Fungi and bacteria. QueenslandAgricultural Journal31: 339-350.

Simmonds, J.H. (1929) - Fungicides and disease control.Queensland Agricultural Jouma/31: 406-415.

Simmonds, J.H. (1929) - Diseases of deciduous fruits.Queensland Agricultural Journal32: 28-44.

Simmonds, J.H. (1929) - Diseases of citrus. QueenslandAgricultural Jouma/32: 151-162.

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Simmonds, J.H. (1929) - Diseasesof pineapples. Queens­land Agricultural Journal32: 398-405.

Simmonds,J.H. (1929) - Sclerotium crown rots. QueenslandAgriculturalJournal 32: 485-487.

Simmonds, J.H. (1929) - Pathological inquiries. QueenslandAgriculturalJournal 32: 582.

Simmonds, J.H. (1930) - Armillaria root rot. QueenslandAgriculturalJournal 33: 100-103.

Simmonds, J.H. (1930) - Two strawberry leaf diseases.QueenslandAgriculturalJournal33: 113-117.

Simmonds, J.H. (1930) - Brown spot of the passion vine.QueenslandAgriculturalJournal34: 564-585.

Simmonds, J.H. (1931) - Cobwebor pink disease of citrus.QueenslandAgriculturalJournal36: 16-19.

Simmonds,J,H. (1931) - Soft rot (waterblister)of pineapples.QueenslandAgriculturalJournal36: 394-398.

Simmonds, J.H. (1932) - Diseasesof tomatoes. QueenslandAgriculturalJournal 37: 219-231.

Simmonds, J.H. (1932) - PO'Ndery spot and fru~ scab of thepassion vine. Queensland Agricultural Jouma/38: 143-152.

Simmonds, J.H. (1933) - Banana leaf spot. Progressreport.QueenslandAgricultural Journal39: 21-40.

Simmonds, J.H. (1933) - Diseases of vegetables. Queens­land Agricultural Journal39: 245-258.

Simmonds, J,H. (1933) - Squirter disease of bananas.QueenslandAgriculturalJournal40: 98-115.

Simmonds, J.H. (1934) - Bunchy top of the banana and itscontrol. QueenslandAgricultural Journal41: 241-244.

Simmonds, J.H. (1935) - Diseasesof the banana. Queens­land Agricultural Journai43: 254-267.

Simmonds, J.H. (1936) - Diseases of the tomato, Queens­land Agricultural Journal45: 5-11.

Simmonds, J.H. (1936) - Passion vinediseases. QueenslandAgriculturalJournal 45 : 322-330.

Simmonds, J.H. (1937) - Citrus diseases. Queensland Agri­culturalJouma/47: 142-153.

Simmonds, J.H. (1937) - The fungicidal treatment of seedpotatoes. QueenslandAgricultural Journal47: 326-327.

Simmonds, J.H. (1937) - Diseases of the papaw, Queens­land AgriculturalJournal48: 544-552,

Simmonds, J.H. (1938) - Fungicides. Queensland Agricul­tural Journal49: 604-621,

Simmonds, J.H. (1938) - Plant diseasesand their control. InThe QueenslandAgricultural and PastoralHandbook VolIll. pp. 117-254. Queensland Department of Agricultureand Stock.

Simmonds, J H. (1938) - Diseases of tobacco. Pathologicalleaflet no. 31. Queensland Department of Agricu~ure andStock,

Simmonds, J.H.(1938)- Altemaria pass/florae n.sp.thecausalorganism of brownspot of the passionvine, Proceedings ofthe Royal Society of Queensland49: 150-151,

94

Simmonds, J.H. (1939) -Influence of seasonal condtlons onthe development of Cercospora leaf spot of the banana,with special reference to the control programme. Queens­landAgricultural Journal52: 633-647.

Simmonds, J.H. (1941) - Latent infection in tropical fruitsdiscussed in relation to the part played by species ofG/oeosporium andCoHetotrichum. Proceedings oftheRoyalSocietyof Queensland 52: 92-120.

Simmonds, J.H. (1945) - Soft rot (water blister) disease ofpineapples. Queensland AgriculturalJouma/60: 42-45.

Simmonds, J.H. (1947) - Squirter disease in bananas.Queensland Agricultural Joumal64: 329.

Simmonds, J.H, (1949)- Dippingofwinterbananas. Queens­landAgricultural Joumal68: 274-275.

Simmonds, J.H. (1951) - A little known parastlc floweringplant. Queensland Naturalist 14: 66-68.

Simmonds, J.H. (1959)- Mildstrain protection as a meansofreducing losses from the Queensland woediness virus inthe passion vine. Queensland Journal of AgriCUltural Sci­ence 16: 371-380.

Simmonds, J.H. (1963) - Studies in the latent phase ofCoUetotrichum species causing ripe rots of tropical fruits.Queensland Joumal of Agricultural Science20: 373-424.

Simmonds, J.H. (1965)- Papawdiseases. QueenslandAgri­culturalJoumal91: 666-677.

Simmonds, J.H. (1965) - A study of the species ofCoHetotrichum causing ripefru~ rots inQueensland. Queens­land Journalof Agricultural and AnimalSciences 22: 437­459.

Simmonds, J.H. (1966) - Diseases of plants in Queensland.Queensland Naturalist 18: 5-8.

Simmonds, J.H. (1966) - Host Index of Plant Diseases inQueensland. Government Printer,Brisbane.

Simmonds, J.H. (1968) - Type specimens of CoUetotrichumgloeosporioides var. minor and CoUetotrichum acutatum.Queensland Journal of Agricultural and Animal Sciences25: 178A.

Simmonds, J.H. (1991) - A short historyof the earlyyears ofplant pathology in Queensland. QueenslandNaturalist31:4-12.

Simmonds, J,H. and Mandelson, L.F. (1937)- The treatmentof tobacco seed-bed covers to prolong their useful iife.Queensland Agricultural Journal48: 112-115.

Simmonds, J.H. and Mitchell, R.S. (1937) - The squirterdisease in bananas with special reference to its control.Queensland Agricultural Journal47: 542-548.

Simmonds, J.H. and Mitchell, R.S. (1940) - Black end andanthracnose of the banana with special reference toG/oeosporium musarumCke.andMass.Bulletin 131,Coun­cil for Scientificand Industrial Research, Melbourne,

Veitch, R. and Simmonds, J.H, (1929)- Pests andDiseasesofQueenslandFruitsand Vegetables. Government Printer,Brisbane.

Australasian Plant Pathology Vo!. 21 (3) 1992