april 17 – ap comp gov – dynastic history agenda: comparison: population control in iran and...
TRANSCRIPT
APRIL 17 – AP COMP GOV – DYNASTIC HISTORYAgenda:
• Comparison: Population Control in Iran and China
• Notes: Dynastic History of China
Homework:
• Read p. 285-296
• Country Briefs for Monday
Take out:
• Pen/Pencil
• Notebook
• Comparison of Iran/China population control
CHINA’S DYNASTIC HISTORY
ca. 5000 BCE-1901 CE
THE NEOLITHIC ERA – 5000-1500 BCE • Civilizations emerged
between 5000 and 4000 B.C. E. in the North China plain
• Hunted and worked with stone tools
• Produced jade artifacts and ceramic pottery
• People lived in small tribal settlements
SHANG DYNASTY – 1500-1000 BCE• The first Chinese state for
which clear written records remain
• United much of north central China
• Bronze weaponry strength of royal military
• First appearance of woven silk
ZHOU (CHOU) DYANSTY – 1027-256 BCE• 1027-ca 770 BC - Zhou dynasty
replaces Shang as dominant force across northern China
• Power extended across family lines to create aristocratic cities and principalities
• Confucianism and Taoism evolved
• Chinese literary tradition began
• Zhou state collapsed into chaos of Era of Warring States
CH’IN (QIN) DYNASTY – 221-206 BCE • King Ying Zheng Unites
much of the Chinese heartland• First ruler to use the title
"emperor" as Qin Shihuangdi ("First Qin Emperor")
• Begins massive construction projects:• First Great Wall of China• First official system of roadways
• Empire quickly collapses after his death
QIN - THE GREAT WALL AND THE TERRA-COTTA ARMY
HAN DYNASTY – 206 BCE-220 CE• First lasting state governing the
entire Chinese heartland
• First “golden age” marked by major inventions and progress • Invention of paper and glazed ceramics• Military expansion• Growth in economy• Centralization of government
• Promoted Confucian ideals as the state philosophy• Development of state tests• Bureaucratic civil-service system lasted
until early 20th century
• Buddhism introduce to parts of China
• Sought alliances with foreign powers• trade routes developed into the Silk road
SIX DYNASTIES – 220-586 CE• Collapse of Han state
results in nearly four centuries of division between competing dynasties• Wars, plagues, famine
• Political instability questioning Confucian ideals embrace Buddhism and Taoism• Ideas also spread by invention
of woodblock printing
SUI DYANSTY – 581-618• Short-lived dynasty
forcefully united central/southern China
• Marked by developments in agriculture and the promotion of Buddhism
• Development of southern China
T’ANG DYNASTY – 618-906 CE• Combined aggressive
military and economic expansion with political stability and creative achievement
• Encouraged both import and export trade along the Silk Road
• Seen as the second “Golden Age” of Chinese history
• Empire expands to central Asia
FIVE DYNASTIES – 907-960 CE• Politically and Militarily
unremarkable
• Dominated by political unrest – controlled by five short-lived dynasties
• Development of “China” – porcelain whiteware
NORTHERN SUNG (SONG) – 960-1126 CE• Third “Golden Age” - high
point of Chinese classical culture
• Philosophical and artistic development
• Political centralization
• Economic growth
• Scientific innovation
• Adoption of Neo-Confucianism as the official state ideology
SOUTHERN SUNG (SONG) – 1127-1279 CE• Invaders from Mongolia
drive Chinese Empire South
• Marked by unrest and military conflict
• Capital established at Hangzhou (Huangzhou)
• Trade and economy severely limited
MONGOL RULE – YUAN DYNASTY – 1280-1365 CE• Empire established by
Kublai Khan (grandson of Genghis)
• Reopen and expand international trade
• Marco Polo (et. al.) visit• Western interest in the East
begins
• Capital established at Beijing
THE MONGOLIAN EMPIRE
MING DYNASTY – 1368-1644 CE• Established sophisticated
agricultural and trade-based economy• Rise of a large middle-class• Treasure Ships – trade and
discovery
• Developed a strong centralized bureaucracy and military
• Great Wall of China completed
• Forbidden city constructed
CH’ING (QING) DYNASTY – 1644-1912 CE• 1644 - Manchu Qing Dynasty drives out
Ming. • Chinese empire reaches its zenith, with the
annexation of Tibet, Mongolia and present-day Xinjiang (Turkestan).
• 19th Century - Qing Dynasty begins a long decline. • Western powers impose "unequal treaties" that
create foreign concessions in China's ports. • Regional warlords rise as central government
atrophies.
• 1899-1901 - "Boxer Rebellion" in Northern China seeks to stifle reforms in the Qing administration, drive out foreigners and re-establish traditional rule. • Rebellion defeated by foreign intervention• With Western powers, Russia and Japan
extracted further concessions from weakened Qing government