APUSH Period 21607-1754

European Claims and settlements in the Americas

Big Picture

2.1:Europeans developed a variety of colonization and migration patterns, influenced by different imperial goals, cultures, and the varied North American environments where they settled, and they competed with each other and American Indians for resources.

This will break down into 2.1.I, and 2.1.I breaks down into 2.1.I.A, 2.1.I.B, 2.1.I.C, 2.1.I.D, and 2.1.I.E.

2.1.I. Spanish, French, Dutch, and British colonizers had different economic and imperial goals involving land and labor that shaped the social and political development of their colonies as well as their relationships with native populations.

A. Spanish efforts to extract wealth from the land led them to…B. French and Dutch colonial efforts involved…C. English colonization efforts attracted…

2.1.I.A

Mulattos too.

2.1.I.B

2.1.I.C

New England Colonies

Middle Colonies

Southern Colonies

Great Migration

Demographic ChangesSource: United States Historical Census Data Base

Populations in the American Colonies of 1700, 1755 & 1775 [25][26][27]

1700 Ancestry Percent 1755 Ancestry Percent 1775 Ancestry Percent

English and Welsh 80.0% English and Welsh 52.0% English 48.7%

African 11.0% African 20.0% African 20.0%

Dutch 4.0% German 7.0% Scots-Irish 7.8 %

Scottish 3.0% Scots-Irish 7.0% German 6.9%

Other European 2.0% Irish 5.0% Scottish 6.6 %

Scottish 4.0% Dutch 2.7%

Dutch 3.0% French 1.4%

Other European 2.0% Swedish 0.6%

Total 100% Total 100% Other 5.3%

Social Mobility in the Colonies

1. Gentry2. Artisans3. Yeomen4. Manual workers/hired hands5. Indentured servants6. Slaves

Colonial Folkways

• Language and customs• Protestantism• Some ethnic and religious toleration• Unusual social mobility• Habit of local, self-government• Effect of physical distance from England

Religious Freedom?

• New England—issues with toleration

• Mid-Atlantic Colonies—general toleration

• Southern Colonies (including the Chesapeake)—general toleration

Colonial Agriculture

• New England—smaller, subsistence farms

• Mid-Atlantic—larger, prosperous farming (the Breadbasket)

• South—larger, cash-crops and slavery

Relations with American Indians

• Separate peoplesMutual suspicionLimited interactionLess missionary emphasis

• Periods of sharp conflictPowhatan WarsPequot WarBeaver WarsKing Phillip’s War

2.1.II In the 17th Century, early British colonies developed along the Atlantic coast, with regional differences that reflected the various environmental, economic, cultural, and demographic factors.

A. The Chesapeake and North Carolina colonies…B. The New England colonies…C. The middle colonies…D. The colonies of the southernmost Atlantic coast and the British

West Indies…E. Distance and Britain’s initially lax attention led to…