arab german yearbook 2010

5/27/2018 Arab German Yearbook 2010

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www.ghorfa.de

Arab-German Yearbook 2010Construction and Consulting


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Table of Content

Preface

Dr. Peter RamsauerDr. Thomas Bach /Abdulaziz Al-MikhlafiOlaf Hoffmann

Projects

Algeria

The Mosque in Algiers

Bahrain

An Oasis in the Desert Bahrain International Circuit

Egypt

Improving the Living Conditions of the Poor in Manshiet Nasser

Iraq

Railway Network Project

Jordan

Aqaba Residence Energy Efficiency (AREE)

Kuwait

Al-Sheikh Jaber Al-Ahmad Stadium (Kuwait International Stadium)

Lebanon

Design and Construction of a Municipal Solid Waste Treatment Plant in Saida

Libya

Design and Construction

Morocco

Ain Bni Mathar an Integrated Solar-Combined Cycle Plant

Oman

Construction of a Methanol Plant: A Strategy to Diversify the Omani Economy

Masterplan and Main Building of the German University of Technology in Oman

Palestine

Waste Water Treatment and Reuse in the Gaza Strip

6

10

10

14

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26

30

34

38

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46

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Projects 4

Qatar

Qatars Fastest Elevators The Qipco Tornado Tower Doha

Saudi Arabia

Strategic Consulting in the Rapidly Expanding Middle East Aviation Market

Banking on Fertiliser in the Middle of the Desert

Sudan

The Merowe Dam and Hydropower Station

Khartoum New International Airport

Syria

Thermal Insulation in a Desert Climate: Sustainable Construction in the Middle East

Tunesia

The Backbone of Urban Mass Transit

United Arab Emirates

Lotus Garden

German Maurer Bridge Expansion Joint System for Sheikh Zayed Sculptural Bridge in Abu Dhabi

Outotec Supplies Anode Paste Plant for EMALs Aluminium Smelter Project in Abu Dhabi

Ultimate Flight Catering

Yemen

Pilot Projects for Schools in Yemen

Special Topics

Working Group Infrastructure and Construction

Project Contracting of Foreign Companies in Syria Legal Issues of Foreign Construction Consortia

Saudi Arabias Industrial Parks Offering Opportunities to Solar Companies

List of Contributors

Imprint


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Projects 6

Preface

Dr. Peter RamsauerFederal Minister of Transport, Bu

and Urban Development

Despite the global economic and financial crisis, the Arabcountries continue to be one of the most dynamic and attractiveeconomic areas in the world. The building and property sectorbenefits significantly from this. The Gulf States, in particular,have pushed ahead with spectacular large-scale projects inrecent years. The tallest building in the world in Dubai is anespecially impressive example of this.

But the construction sector is also booming in the othercountries in the Arab world. In 2009, the German constructionindustry carried out building work worth around 850 millioneuros. At the same time, it received orders worth around1.5 billion euros. This shows just how important the Arabcountries are for the German construction industry.

In the future, too, there will be massive investment in theinfrastructure in this region. The reasons for this are anexpected economic growth rate of just under five percentper year over the period to 2020, an above average annualincrease in population of 2 percent and the increasingexpansion of the cities.

To enable these countries to manage their ambitiousinvestment plans in the years ahead, German know-howand German investment will continue to be in demand forstrategic partnerships in the region. Both sides can build onthe long-standing relations, based on a spirit of trust, betweenGermany and the Arab world.

With their cutting-edge technologies, extensive expertisexperience in the service sector, plus their profound knowof the countries and markets involved, German companiperfectly placed to assist the Arab course of modernizThis is especially true of sustainable and energy-efficonstruction. In the windy and sun-kissed countries oArab world, there is huge potential for this.

The building projects presented in the Ghorfa Yeaillustrate just how successful the economic partnebetween the Arab countries and Germany is. The Yearbthus also an encouragement to further expand Arab-Geeconomic relations. The Federal Government is wholeheain favour of such expansion and will continue to do everyit can to support it.

DR. PETER RAMSAUER

Federal Minister of Transport, Building and UrbanDevelopment


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We are proud to present the first edition of our annual Arab-German Yearbook. It focuses on construction and consultingand is to be the first of a new serie. In the following yearsother thematic priorities will be chosen to give companiesfrom all business branches the opportunity to contribute tothis new serie.

The main aim of our Chamber is to develop and deepen businessrelations between Germany and the Arab world. Ghorfatherefore understands itself as a bridge between partnersfrom different backgrounds. This yearbook shall therefore bea useful tool to introduce various exemplary construction andconsulting projects realised or planned by German enterprisesin cooperation with partners in the Arab world.

The Arab world has established itself as one of the most dynamicand potentially rewarding regions for high-scale constructionand consulting projects. Impressive building activities startingfrom designed superhomes to the tallest skyscrapers in theworld are above all known from Dubai, Abu Dhabi or Riyadh.Impressive traces of the ongoing construction boom can alsobe found in other Arab countries and experts predict a furtheracceleration of the building and construction industry.

The Arab region is undergoing important changes makingit a location of progress and growth. Growing economicactivities in the Arab world as well as the strong demand forprovision of housing and rising infrastructural requirementsstimulate activities in building. In Saudi Arabia for examplethe expansion of infrastructure needs to keep pace with thetremendous growth of population of about half a million a year.

Qatar, Libya, Iraq, Algeria, Kuwait, Egypt and other Arcountries invest on a large scale in infrastructure and numeroother construction projects to meet the requirements of fgrowing megacities and rising demands of the populations.

One of the objective targets of our new serie is to show thArab countries welcome German enterprises as credipartners and invite them to participate in the continuieconomic growth. German enterprises are appreciated for threliability and quality of products and services as well as the respected and trusted cooperation with Arab companiThis directory serves to further promote the relationshbetween the Arab world and Germany. Due to the communderstanding of the principle of mutual benefits bosides can gain great advantage from increased collaboratiWe are looking forward to sum up successful examples collaboration in technology, science, education or health cin the following editions of our yearbook.

DR. THOMAS BACH

President

AB DU LA ZI Z AL -M IK HL AF I

Secretary General

Abdulaziz Al-MikhlafiSecretary General

Dr. Thomas BachPresident

Preface


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Projects 8

Olaf HoffmannCEO Dorsch Holding

Dear readers,

We are pleased to present the first edition of our Arab-German Yearbook Construction and Consulting. Why havewe chosen the format yearbook?

At the beginning of our century the Arab markets justadded colourful detail to the media business coverage: Dubaifor instance was described as a firework with no long-termimpact. However, in the last two years, the Arab world hasshown a remarkable resilience in coping with the debilitiesof globalisation: on the basis of oil and oil exports, the Arabworld has built up a stable, productive and growing economy.Thus, it seems to be the right time to keep track of the furtherdevelopment of the Arab economy by an annual publication.

Despite the challenging economic situation, the Middle Eastremains the world leader in the construction industry: withmore than 2,100 projects in the United Arab Emirates andSaudi Arabia, over 500 projects in Qatar and Kuwait, nearly200 projects in Oman and almost 150 projects in Bahrain theconstruction industry lives up to the demands of a growingpopulation, as population growth in the Arab world exceedsthe average growth of the entire world population. Thus, morethan 50% of the population in the Middle East is youngerthan 25 years. The growing population together with a strongmigration and large financial resources for the realisation ofdevelopment projects stimulates the demand for housing andinfrastructure for public and cargo transportation as well asenergy. Roads, electricity, communications and water networkshave to be constructed or upgraded. At the same time, the desire

for (more) Western standards in water supply and sanias well as sustainability is booming. This is especiallyfor the newly industrialised economies which can be famong Arab countries, too. Strong growing countrieSaudi Arabia or especially Iraq with its emerging markean economic growth rate of 5.3% offer a lot of opportuand potential for the construction industry.

However, just to put the focus on impressive architecturinfrastructure or renewable energy projects would not showhole picture. Thus this yearbook and its sequels are dedto describing the Arab world of today and tomorrow.

This Arab-German Yearbook would not have been powithout the contributions of German companies consideengaged in the Arab world like Siemens, Lufthansa, Ferrostaal, ThyssenKrupp and many others. I thereforeto very warmly thank all who contributed to our first AGerman Yearbook Consulting and Construction, we appreciate their readiness of sharing their insights. Ereading!

Sincerely yours,

OLAF HOFFMANN

CEO and Shareholder of Dorsch Holding

Member of the Board of DirectorsChairman of the Working Group Infrastructure and ConstruArab-German Chamber of Commerce and Industry

Preface


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Algeria

Fact File

Country Name Peoples Democratic Republic of AlgeriaPopulation 34,180,000 (2009 estimate)Land Area 2,381,741 km2

Official Language ArabicCommercial Language French, EnglishCurrency 1 Algerian Dinar (AD) = 100 centimesMain Cities Algiers (Capital), Oran, Constantine, Annaba, Blida, Setif


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Projects 10

The Mosque in Algiers KSP Jrgen Engel Architekten GAnke Wnschmann, Sebastian T

Introduction

At present, the worlds third largest mosque is soon to beerected in the bay of Algiers. The complex complete withprayer hall, courtyard, cultural centre, Imam School, forecourtand minaret will have a GFA of about 440,000 m2and willbe able to host up to 120,000 visitors a day. Located only6 km east of the historical town centre and not far from theairport, the mosque will encourage the future development ofthe adjacent district of the city. Construction is scheduled tobegin before the end of 2010.

Friday mosque has always been at the centre of iseveryday life, work, study, social and business life anleast the centre of life for all community members. The of these buildings, devoted to religion, teaching and pris also reflected by the architecture chosen, which hasdesigned and developed on behalf of the Algerian governby a group consisting of KSP Jrgen Engel ArchiteFrankfurt/Berlin, and the engineering company KrebKiefer International, Darmstadt. Other local partnersKrebs und Kiefer & Partners International S.A.R.L.,Tand Krebs und Kiefer Algrie EURL, Algiers. All buildin

The Mosque in the bay of Algiers.


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the mosque complex share a plinth that is in places up to 5m high; on this raised plateau, they are aligned from west toeast in the direction of Mecca. The platform also ensures thecomplexs clear spatial separation from the parallel motorwayto the north and the profane buildings in the vicinity.

The Mosques Prayer Hall

The prayer hall or Salle de Prire is a massive cube toweringup to 45 m and able to take up to 35,000 people. Its externalappearance is defined by the following triadic composition: asbasic volume a cube with a footprint of 145 x 145 m, slightly setback from the edge, a cube of about 22.50 m in height, whichbears the central dome. At its apex, the latter reaches a heightof some 70 m and has a diametre of about 50 m at its base.

The interior with its choice materials, restrained ornamenta-tion and indirect natural light creates an impressive spatialexperience. All the traditional religious elements such as theQibla wall, the Mihrab, Minbar and Dikkah are integratedinto a hall of modern aesthetics. Daylight from above steepsthe hall in continually changing patterns of light and shadow.Together with the traditional elements, the insignia of theislamic religion and the regular rows of pillars, which are upto 45 m in height, the interplay of light and shadow is thereal adornment of the interior, creating a space with a sacred,if not mystical character.

Following the architecture of traditional islamic prayer halls,the mosques outer skin is made of natural stone, structuredby folds, friezes and decorative entrance portals.

The Floral Columns and Mosque Courtyard

The leitmotif for the design throughout the edifice are flopillars with protruding capitals in all areas of the ensembThe floral columns not only blend harmoniously with tlocal palm vegetation, but combine load-bearing propertwith other technical functions: they provide a surface acousequipment, while also integrating ventilation and drainage

The mosques courtyard serves as an extended area for prayduring the holy days. It is embraced and clearly structuron all sides by two/three rows of colonnades featuring tgraceful slender blossom-topped columns typical of the entcomplex. Moreover, the courtyard links in architectural ain functional terms the sacred prayer hall to the esplanain the west, the free plaza with the main entrance and tadjacent forecourt.

Minaret

Its use, design and size make the minaret unique in thistory of Islam. Here, it rises up to some 265 m, and is thon the same scale as major skyscrapers; once finished, it wbe the highest building in Africa. Moreover, it will be a visivertical landmark for the City of Algiers per se.

For a building of this height, the slender tower has unusuproportions (of width to height), namely of 1:10, qustunning in a region strongly threatened by earthquakThe vertical configuration corresponds to the classisubdivision of towers into a plinth, shaft and upper capitThe different faade architecture reflects the different sectioand functions.

The minarets plinth is completely glass-covered and opeout invitingly to the plaza. Visitors can reach the upper, pubfloors by means of panorama elevators. These floors houthe Museum of Algerian History, which will highlight treligions different epochs and dynasties. Above this willtwo research areas accessible only to accredited scholars tResearch Centre. Museum and Research Centre are housin the towers shaft, which is divided into five equal sectioeach comprising five floors. These are clearly separated froone another by all-glass sky-lobby faades. The multilayerfaade for the museum and Research Centre is made upan outer, ornamental skin made of prefabricated, perforaMoucharabieh faade elements that protect the thermal glskin behind from direct solar radiation. The Moucharabi

Layout plan of the complete complex.


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Projects 12

elements, designed in keeping with traditional Algerianpatterns, give the tower a clear texture of light and shadow,adding an additional sense of depth and dynamism.

The four access routes at the towers corners also provide thedue rigidity for the minaret, and are clad in bright naturalstone; the materials thus set this section off from the otherparts of the minaret.

The top of the minaret will be transparent. The glass will two viewing platforms, one for visitors, the other for guests, and will wrap around the sommah as the mincrowning tip. At night, the illuminated glass skin radvisible from afar as a point of orientation in Algiers andnew landmark.

The Park

The mosque complex is linked to the buildings in the snamely the cultural centre, the library and the Imam Scby a spacious park. This landscaped outdoor area can holarge number of people and also offers a haven of tranquThe palm is the predominant tree defining the identithe whole area. Palm groves right round the mosque prample shade. The mosques plazas and forecourts, by conare structured by palm trees planted in regular rows thus serve as a supplement to the architecture. Founfoster the overall sense of calm and concentration.

Summary

The new mosque (Djama el Djazar) in Algiers is firmlythe lineage of the major Friday mosques in Algiers, ThleCordoba and Medina. In terms of the tradition and the mrejuvenation of the religion, the mosque representreligious and social needs of the communitys members.can practice their faith their in line with the customary and can familiarise themselves in the adjacent instituwith contemporary islamic doctrine.

The design by KSP Jrgen Engel Architekten, FrankBerlin, and the engineering company Krebs und KInternational, Darmstadt, reinterprets traditional Algarchitecture without erasing the historical refereInstead, the building complex forms a successful combinof Algerian tradition and the present. The mosque btogether the cultural wealth of Islam and Algeria German excellence in architecture and engineering. Thebeacon of the minaret (manra) is reminiscent not onlylighthouse showing the way to those seeking the rightbut could well emerge as the new iconic landmark foCity of Algiers, not to mention for an entire culture, nathe islamic religious community as a whole.

The prayer hall.

The mosques courtyard with entry to the prayer hall.


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Bahrain

Fact File

Country Name The Kingdom of BahrainPopulation 718,306 includes 235,108 nonnationals (July 2008 estimate)Land Area 711.85 km2

Official Language ArabicCommercial Language French, EnglishCurrency 1 Bahraini Dinar (BD) = 1,000 filsMain Cities Manama (capital), Muharraq, Isa Town, Riffa, Hamad Town


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Projects 14

An Oasis in the Desert

Bahrain International Circuit

Tilke GmbH & C

Introduction

Tilke Engineers & Architects, originally established in 1983, isrecognised as the world leading designer for racetrack and testfacilities. Tilke designs individual and state-of-the-art racetracksincluding grandstands, pit buildings, team buildings and otherinfrastructure facilities by both fulfilling clients needs andthe permanently changing requirements on track layout andsafety. The design of a racetrack and its appropriate buildingsdepends on various principles, e.g. its location, approach, picture,function and detail. Each of these principles is interconnectedwith one other. Removing one of them would be comparable todislodging a supporting column: the structure would collapse.

Bahrain International Circuit

The Bahrain International Circuit is a good example of Tdesign philosophy. Its Arabic architecture is reflected bcolours, materials, the tent-shaped roofs, the wind towerThus, Bahrains tradition and culture has been interpin a modern way, all of which promotes the circuits uatmosphere.

The beautiful landscape around Sakhir oasis is wherracetrack is located. The contrast between the oasis andesert is taken as inspiration: the spectators view followdrivers taking a ride into the outside desert coming ba

Bahrain International Circuit aerial view.


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the oasis styled as a centre. This striking feature makes forthe unique character of the track, which also inspired Germanphotographer and artist Andreas Gursky to produce one ofhis famous oversized photo collages.

The landscape design of the racetrack leads the visitorinto the centre (oasis) of the circuit, which is formed bya double-serving paddock area, allowing operating twocircuits independently during the day-to-day business, thusoptimising the commercial benefits. The connection of bothcircuits forms a maximum loop length of 5,400 m for theFormula 1 track. As the tracks width varies at the end ofthe different straights it enables different race lines, therebyoffering various possibilities for breathtaking and challengingovertaking manoeuvres. The impressive building ensembleincludes all facilities necessary to host the Formula 1; theyare state-of-the-art as well as fully sufficient to support thedaily business.

The architectural idea took all aspects into consideration:on the one hand lots of high-tech equipment is needed, onthe other hand there is the unique and beautiful landscapewith its colours and moods and an impressive architecturaltradition with its own and distinctive materials. The intensivework with these fundamentals led to the present appearanceof the circuit.

Besides the character of being a desert track, the circuitsparticular charm is presented by an attractive mixture oftraditional Bahraini and modern architecture combined withthe high-tech equipment of a Formula 1 race circuit, whilethe outstanding V.I.P. tower, as well as the fabric-roofedgrandstands, are the outstanding landmarks of this track.

The roofs of the grandstands and several other buildings aequipped with a combination of light fabric tent structuthat are based on the traditional Bedouin tents, and ttraditional Bahraini wind towers (badqeer) used as bafor the wide-stretched tents. The motif of the wind toweis again taken up for some of the solid building elemenGenerally, all solid building elements integrate and interpelements of Bahraini architecture: the small window sizthe deep embrasures and the clear sand colour represent the compactness of traditional architecture. The dynamiof the architecture is not only noticeable during the daytimbut also at night: the external illumination providesstriking effect.

Project Significance and Impact

The significance of the project is high, as a Formula 1 racetris immediately popular everywhere in the world. But not onthe important and famous events give the arrangemensignificance, also the special architecture and the characteristof this unique racetrack, like the double-serving paddoarea, make Bahrain International Circuit stand out amongFormula 1 circuits worldwide.

Thus, the impacts are many-sided: the notoriety of the racetrleads to an increase in tourism and accordingly promotes tdiversification of Bahraini economy further, as the wheconomy will profit from the events and all happeninaround the racetrack. Due to the immense publicity, the yeabenefits are circular und support the growing infrastructuThus, the racetrack can be seen as a constant impulse for teconomy in combination with a high identification worldwiThe track and its buildings can become a symbol of Bahrain

Bahrain International Circuit.

Main grandstand and the paddock area.


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Projects 16

Race control.

V.I.P. tower by night. Bahrain International Circuit by night.


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Egypt

Fact File

Country Name Arab Republic of EgyptPopulation 76,054,112 (Jan. 2009)Land Area 1,001,450 km2

Official Language ArabicCurrency 1 Egyptian Pound = 100 piasterMain Cities Cairo (Capital), Giza, Tanta, Alexandria, Shubra el-Khema,

Port Said, Suez, Mahalla el-Kubra, Hurghada, Sharm el-Sheikh


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Projects 18

Improving the Living Conditions

of the Poor in Manshiet Nasser

KfW Entwicklung

Mandana Bahrin

and Andreas Holt

Bernd Bau

(Dorsch Gr

Commonly known as Garbage City, Manshiet Nasser re-presents one of Cairos largest informal settlements. The areaamong the foothills of the Mokattam mountains has beendeveloped since the late 50s and early 60s by rural migrantsfrom Upper Egypt. Since then, more and more impoverishedpeople had been driven out of central Cairo a megacitywith an estimated current population of around 17 millionpeople into districts such as Manshiet Nasser in the wakeof rapid urbanisation.

Today, Manshiet Nasser is home to between 800,000 to 1million people. While still a very poor district of Cairo, theformer slum has grown so much over the past years that it

is now almost located in the city centre. Within the dynurban quarter even a little industrial area has evgenerating income from recycling and traditional handicin between the multistory buildings small enterprises, and teahouses shape the street scene. The communiManshiet Nasser is beyond doubt working towards itsfuture, nonetheless, settlement of the government-oland mostly took place without any authorisation, landand construction plans simple dwellings being eralong the Autostrada, slowly extending uphill to the emore migrants arrived. As a result the urban developis quite haphazard and entirely lacking any legal basiproper administrative infrastructure. People have li

Cairo, the capital of Egypt.


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access to basic services such as drinking water, sanitationand electricity or other social services such as education andhealth provision.

After the Egyptian government had abandoned its initial planto demolish the squatter settlement in 1997, and decided insteadto turn Manshiet Nasser from an informal area into a legaliseddistrict, the German Federal Ministry of Economic Cooperationand Development (BMZ) has supported this decision byfinancing the Participatory Development Programme in UrbanAreas (PDP), inter alia in Manshiet Nasser. On behalf of theGerman government and the Egyptian Ministry of EconomicDevelopment (MoED), KfW Entwicklungsbank (GermanDevelopment Bank) and the German Technical Cooperation(GTZ) are carrying out a participatory development projectto establish and secure basic needs, in close cooperation withthe Cairo governorate, local administrations, civil societyorganisations and nongovernmental organisations. The prime

objective of this project is to improve the living conditions and hence reduce potential health risks to poor residentsManshiet Nasser by rehabilitating and upgrading the urbinfrastructure; this involves the provision and extension osecure water supply distribution system, the implementatiof an organised sewerage system and to a lesser extent tupgrading of the road network.

A participatory approach is being applied, in order to combithe demands of the residents on the one hand and the constrairelated to the provision of infrastructure by the seveauthorities on the other. The key element is that residents involved in the planning processes and that local democracypromoted; the residents are encouraged to put forward thown solutions in order that aid projects can be tailoredtheir needs. The sense of ownership of the improved facilitby the beneficiaries will thus guarantee the sustainabilitythe project. Disbursements to contractors are being manag

Manshiet Nasser: From informal settlement to legalised district.

Abdel Aal Canal in Manshiet Nasser. Cultural centre.


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Projects 20

through a local disposition account, administered externally onbehalf of the client, including annual audits by an independentfinancial adviser to international standards.

The project is implemented in the form of an open fund, tofully use the available resources, focussing on the three maininfrastructure sectors of water supply, sanitation and roads,which have been identified as priorities in the Manshiet NasserGuide Plan and the subsequent Participatory Budget Planning.The project will also influence the wider urban developmentof Manshiet Nasser through small Community DevelopmentInvestments in public facilities and communal initiatives incooperation with a technical cooperation programme providedby GTZ. The technical cooperation component assists thedistrict predominantly in formalising the urban planning andcommunity development as well as the administration onprocess development for legalisation.

Phase I commenced in Ezbeth Bekhit, a sheikha (subdistrict)of Manshiet Nasser with a 1998 population of 28,900 in 6,490households. The quarter covers an area of 47 feddans (20.1ha), mainly stretching along the King Khaled Autostrada. Thetopography, which is characterised by extreme differencesin elevation, is dominated by limestone cliffs, the result ofquarrying over the centuries. Phase II extends the projectto further parts of Manshiet Nasser. The funding allocatedwill allow full water distribution and sewerage services to beextended to approximately half of the population and to pave 4.5km of the internal roads. Due to the low water supply standard(only 59% of households having access to the public potablesupply system and some during night hours only) and lackof proper sanitation (only 56% have access to the informallyconstructed sewerage network, although all dwellings haveprivately installed septic tanks), the critical environmental andpublic health conditions prevail in the quarter.

At present neither the quantity of potable water resonor the pressure in the supply network is sufficient to overall demand; similarly, the existing gravity sewerin a structurally unsound and poorly maintained condcausing sewage to overflow into the largely unpaved sand stagnant pools to develop in depressed areas. The objective in the design of the water and sewerage systeto minimise the excavation depths of the gravity lines ivery narrow lanes, in order to prevent the collapse of adjbuildings; small lifting stations are envisaged to evasewage from otherwise inaccessible areas.

Shortly after the start of the project things have inimproved for thousands of people in Manshiet Nasscentral sewage collection plant has been built and have already been connected to the drinking water netIt seems that the whole community of Manshiet Ndoes not simply accept the programme, its people virtidentify with it and the success story is catching on: siprojects have been launched in several other suburbs of and Alexandria.


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Iraq

Fact File

Country Name Republic of IraqPopulation 28,945,657 (2009)Land Area 437,072 km2

Official Language Arabic and othersCurrency 1 Iraqi Dinar (ID) = 1,000 filsMain Cities Baghdad (Capital), Basra, Mosul, Kirkuk, Najat


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Projects 22

Railway Network Project Dorsch GUlrich

Background

International freight traffic to and from Southeast Asia mainlyuse the route through the Red Sea passing by Suez Canal.However, due to the presence of Somalian pirates security hasdeteriorated, and the sea route through the Persian Gulf as analternative becomes more attractive for freight carriers todayand definitely in the future. Thus, the importance of Iraq as oneof the most important gates in the Middle East is heightened:thanks to its favourably located harbours in the southeast ofIraq, Umm Qasr and al-Fao, it connects both Asia and Europe.

Dry Channel

Development of strategy with regard to Iraqs long-termvisions had included the discussion of the so-called DryChannel, a basic concept to improve the transportation network

within Iraq especially the railway network in ordlink Umm Qasr and al-Fao ports to the north, and vice vThe implementation of Dry Channel will therefore plimportant role in Iraqs future, as it introduces an alternand more cost-efficient route for the logistics industrybenefits regarding travel time, operational cost, security,

So far, similar routes were already in operation linking QasrBaghdadMosulTurkey, Umm QasrBaghdadEl Azour (Syria), Umm QasrBaghdadHalab-La(Syria). However, there are several reasons that hamthe operation of those routes. Apart from the technical (broken facilities due to lack of maintenance, low capacitspeed, etc.), the political situation in Iraq does not allowcompetitive transport provision. It is expected that thichange to the better as soon as the newly improved ranetwork starts to operate.

Training of Iraqi railway engineers at Dorsch Gruppe.


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Furthermore, the government of Iraq aims to improve thetransport situation in general, as three wars and the imposingof sanctions in the 1990s led to the deterioration of economyin general and of infrastructure in particular: no routinetransport facility maintenance or opening of new routes hascome about which led to limited mobility for the Iraqi people.

Challenge of the Project

The railway network project in Iraq with a total length of660 km comprises a new WestEast railway link as part ofthe Dry Channel connecting Jordan with the Iraqi railwaynetwork. The BasrahFao line to be established in southernIraq is an important connection of the network to al-Fao. Theexisting HajamaSawa line from Baghdad to Basra has to beupgraded. Fourth part of the project is the RamadiKerbalatrack through Mesopotamia. Furthermore, the rehabilitationof al-Fat Ha Bridge, damaged severely during the Iraq war in2003, was commissioned.

Parts of the project were conceived more than twenty yeago. During this time local conditions and constraints hachanged. In addition, railway technology has been furthdeveloped, making it imperative to update all desigFurthermore, the project sites pose particular difficulties: tproject area consists partially of desert and some marsh arein addition to a mine field area from the Iraq-Iran war wheexplosive ordnance disposal services had to be executed.

IraqJordan Railway Link

The IraqJordan railway link as the major part of the planntransportation network of the Iraqi Transport Masterp(ITMP) shall connect Iraq with its neighbouring countJordan. From the Jordanian point of view Iraq is up to now tcountry that needs Jordanian transportation infrastructuto facilitate the transfer of transit goods between the PortAqaba and the central part of Iraq. The connection between Iand Jordan is currently realised by a two-lane road on whapproximately 2,200,000 tons and 8,300,000 passengers atransported each year. It is expected that freight and passengtraffic will increase significantly in coming years. Therefoboth countries have agreed to expand their railway netwoby realising a new railway line from the Jordanian city Zarto the Iraqi border at Trebil and from Trebil to Mafraq Al Ruroad junction in order to facilitate freight and passenger trabetween the two countries.

The 400-km railway section comprises 14 passing statiothree small und three large stations (Al Rutbah, station 6km 341+800 and Trebil). It is expected that the new railwlink will improve freight and passenger movement to a fastmore competitive and more secure access to the nationand international markets. Iraq and Jordan have agreedexpand their railway network to achieve this goal. Designstructures include 25 wadi bridges, 19 rural road overpassten rural road underpasses and approximately eighty culvewith various dimensions.

BasrahFao

The idea to improve the transport network in Iraq was alreadiscussed in the early 1980s, when Henderson Hughes & Businitially analysed alternative routes. The study recommendthe so-called route No. 3: the Basrahal-Fao railway projectpart of the planned infrastructure network of the Master Pshall connect the city of Basrah an industrial and cultucentre in southern Iraq with the new al-Fao port to facilit

Iraqi railway engineers on-site visit by train.

Survey of railway line HajamaSawa.


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Projects 24

international trade. The project railway has a length ofapproximately 110 km. Design of structures includes pipelineoverpasses, pipeline box culverts, pedestrian underpasses andstandard rural road overpasses.

HajamaSawaThe HajamaSawa railway with a length of approximately17 km is part of the existing single-track railway line fromBaghdad to Basra. Iraqi Republic Railways (IRR) intends toupgrade the line between both Hajama and Sawa stationswith a second track running parallel and as close as possibleto the existing track. The construction of the additional trackHajamaSawa starts at Hajama station 0+583,500 m and endsat Sawa station.

The railway project will cross the Euphrates and two of itsbranches the rivers al-Suwer and al-Atshan on three majorbridges. In addition, the alignment will also pass three localroads on single superstructure bridges. Design of structuresincludes four railway bridges, one temporary bridge, threeroad underpasses and 37 standard culverts.

RamadiKerbala

The RamadiKerbala railway project is designed as a doubletrack with a total length of approximately 133 km, itsalignment will run through the Mesopotamian plain. Thepredominant soil types in the Mesopotamian plain are fine-grained sediments, generally medium to stiff clayey silts andsandy silty clays. Design includes seven railway bridges, 17road bridges, five road underpasses, and standard culverts.

Basrahal-Fao railway project.

Al-Fat Ha BridgeThe existing railway bridge, which is an importantof the railway line between Haylaniyah to Kirkukbeen damaged by allied bombing in the Iraq war 200a consequence pipelines in the neighbourhood weron fire. These fires affected the bridge, namely the heavily. Due to this situation, the al-Fat Ha bridge hasreconstructed. Certain members of the bridge will be ror strengthened, others will be exchanged completely.

This railway bridge is the longest bridge of the line KirBaijiHaditha (24 spans x 40 m = 960 m) and crosseTigris at al-Fat Ha. Due to the slope of 4.526% the eaend of the bridge is higher than the western end by 4.3This bridge is located at the midway between the al-FWay station and the Sarai al-Fadhil Way station.

Railway networks improvement projects above will resbetter mobility for the Iraqi people, assuring the moveof goods and therefore boost the economy in Iraq.

Al-Fat Ha Railway bridge damaged in Iraq war 2003.


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Jordan

Fact File

Country Name Hashemite Kingdom of JordanPopulation 6,198,677 (July 2009 est.)Land Area 92,300km2

Official Language Arabic official language, English widely spokenCurrency 1 Jordanian Dinar (JD) = 1,000 filsMain Cities Amman (Capital), Al Ramtha, Al Mafraq, Irbid, Ajloun, Jarash, Salt, Zarqa, Aqaba


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Projects 26

Aqaba Residence

Energy Efficiency (AREE)

gtz International Se

Florentine V

Sustainable building is a recent phenomenon in Jordan. Dueto rising energy prices there is a growing awareness amongthe public of the need to save energy. Water efficiency is alsoimportant for Jordan, as it is listed among the four poorestcountries worldwide in terms of water. The biggest challenge forsustainable building in Jordan is, however, the use of materialsand the reduction of construction waste: environmentallyfriendly materials are scarce and local suppliers are often notfamiliar with material specifications. On top of that, manylocal Jordanian contractors are not used to work with thesematerials and to build from drawings.

Together with the Center for Study of the Built Environmentin Amman, Tariq Emtairah, a Jordanian working inSweden, commissioned the construction of a pilot project todemonstrate the advantages of sustainable building and theeconomic feasibility of energy-efficient buildings. The designbrief for AREE did not only include residential functions,the building also had to serve as an information centre forsustainable building design and construction and shouldprovide rooms for visiting researchers to work. Togetherwith strict planning rules from the local municipality and abeautiful view towards the Gulf of Aqaba there were enoughingredients for a challenging design process. The result isa multifunctional, environmentally friendly building of420 m2, three storeys high, including living room, kitchen,study, family room, six bedrooms, three bathrooms, garage,storage, and basement. All to be either used as one-familyhome or to be divided per floor, with the public area at theground floor and private apartments on the upper floors.

Environmental Architecture Embeddedin Local Setting

Aqaba is located in the south of Jordan, where summertemperatures rise above 40 C, and winters are mild. Thereis hardly any need for heating. Thus, the challenge forthe passive-solar design of the building was to provide acomfortable indoor climate. An analysis of sunshine, wind

conditions and views on site, together with the most comconstruction methods in Jordan (plastered blockworkstone cladding), were the starting point for the architeconcept. The passive use of solar energy is optimisethe orientation and layout of the house: spaces usebrief periods (bathrooms, garage, corridor) are locatethe southwest side, the hottest area of the house, to crbuffer that prevents the main spaces such as bedroomsheating up too much in summer. Moreover, each floor hattractive and comfortable outdoor space that is shadeenjoys a refreshing breeze. Here, occupants can spenday during the hot season, in a manner similar to theBedouin tent tradition. Additionally, natural ventilatiimproved by carefully positioned windows, doors, ventiopenings and the main staircase, which is designed to woa wind tower. Movable shades prevent solar warming summer period, but allow for solar heat to enter durinwinter to minimise the heat load.

The north-facing main volume accommodates the bedrto reduce the cooling load. This main volume is finishtraditional plasterwork with added straw, which fuminimises the cooling load by decreasing the heat tra

Design concept.


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The use of cement is reduced an environmentally importaspect, tool and the result is a nice texture that will get mexpressive in time.

Kitchen and dining area are designed as open-plan featurioriental ornaments and continuous floor finishing, to connthe interior and exterior spaces between the main volume athe living area. The subvolume of the living area is claddwith recycled stone from local stone companies. The rgarden above offers a fine view to the front and an outdoterrace. Since the 40-cm-deep garden soil has a great capacof accumulating heat and the plants provide further shade, troof garden works as a cooling element and contributesreduction of the cooling load, too. Although shades previnterior spaces from receiving solar heat, constructitechniques improve the insulation and heat accumulaticapacity of the building envelope significantly: the cavwalls are insulated by blocks with volcanic and perlaggregate as well as insulation materials such as rockwool apolystyrene. In addition, the roof structure is insulated, whis uncommon in Jordan. Even more unusual for Jordaniconstruction practice is the insulation of heat bridges at tfloor-wall connections.

The heat accumulation capacity is further increased by tnorth cavity wall being filled with sand, the natural stonethe interior wall finishing and the roof garden. All design aconstruction elements were easy to plan on the drawing boahowever, it required a lot of discussion with the structuengineer and contractor on site.

Energy Savings

The design and construction save 30% on the cooling locompared to conventional practice. To ensure significasavings on electricity bills, the installations are the last stepthe strategy for energy-efficient design. The energy-efficilighting design provided by Philips is one aspect. Anothersolar cooling, a sustainable cooling concept based on hot wafrom solar panels as a source of energy for an adsorption chilthat produces chilled water to cool the space: the sun hethe water needed to run the cooling system. This is the fiapplication of a solar-cooling installation in Jordan and vepromising. With the solar cooling system the total savings electricity costs are estimated at 72%. Taking in consideratithe additional investment cost, the expected payback timeless then nine years. To make AREE almost self-sustainabin terms of energy supply, the design provides the possibilDesign view.

AR EE

FACTS

ARCHITECT:

Florentine Visser (Netherlands)

CLIENT:

Tariq Emtairah (Sweden)

BUILDING PERMIT:

Mohammed Abu Afeefeh (Jordan)

GARDEN DESIGN:

Matilda Nilsson (Sweden)

CO-FUNDING:MED ENEC (European Union)

SUPPORT:

Philips Lighting NV (Netherlands)Aqaba Special Economic Zone Authority (Jordan)National Energy Research Center (NERC) (Jordan)

PR:

Center for Study of the Built Environment (Jordan)

PROJECT ADRESS:

Project address: 9th area, Aqaba, Jordan


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to incorporate photo-voltaic panels to generate electricity andto add further shading for outdoor spaces. The total savingscould then reach 93%. So far, no funding for these additionalfeatures was available.

Energy saving is important, but water saving is essential forthe future of Jordan: AREE is the first residential project inAqaba equipped with a dual plumbing system for grey andblack waste. Grey water from showers and sinks is filteredby a sand-gravel bed with bamboo and supplies the requiredwater for irrigation. In her garden design, landscape architectMatilda Nilsson selected plants and trees that are suitable forthe Aqaba climate and minimise the need for irrigation, too.Together with water-saving taps, toilets and shower heads, thetotal expected saving on water consumption is 51%.

However, a good architectural design and improved buitechnology and installations are not enough to acsustainable building: cooperation and communicatioessential in both the design and execution phases to achieintegrated project. AREE offers a model and lessons leaon the possibilities and challenges in the field of sustaibuilding in Jordan. Hopefully, AREE is also an inspiringof architecture and pleasant homes.

As everything is subject to change, so is the use of the hin early 2010, AREE opened as The Aqaba House, theenvironmentally friendly Bed & Breakfast in Aqaba.

Ground floor plan.

Climate concept plan 1stfloor.

Second floor plan.

Climate concept plan section.


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Kuwait

Fact File

Country Name State of KuwaitPopulation 2.7 million, including 1.3 million nonnationals (2009)Land Area 17,820 km2

Official Language ArabicCommercial EnglishCurrency 1 Kuwait Dinar (KD) = 1.000 filsMain Cities Kuwait City (Capital), Salmiya, Ahmadi, Shuwaikh


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Projects 30

Al-Sheikh Jaber al-Ahmad

Stadium

(Kuwait International Stadium)

ASS Planungs G

Architects and Engi

Susanne Sc

schlaich bergermann und pa

structural consulting engi

Dipl.-Ing. Knut G

Project Site

During the first years of this century the State of Kuwait andits authorities promoted the development of a new NationalSports Complex. The site selected for this InternationalFootball and Athletics Stadium is situated within the suburbof Ardiyah, north to the Sixth Ring Road and bound betweenMohamed Ibn al-Qasem Street and East Ardiyah Road, ca.12 km southwest of Kuwait City centre. After various re-alignments the total site comprises an area of approximately400,000 m. The re-aligned area complies with the appropriatesite requirements of an international stadium for 60,000spectators and approximately 7,500 car parking spaces as well

as various stadium-related training and warming-up faccomprising a 400 m running track of 8 lanes with all assoathletic (track & field) facilities, including an interiorpitch and a special football pitch. In principle, the comFIFA and IAAF (international sports federations for foand athletics) regulations, guidelines and recommendawere carefully taken into consideration for the plannithe facilities mentioned.

Design Idea

Out of various concept alternatives the design idea ostadium was briefly named as dhow shape. Behind the o

From top to bottom, left to right: View from training field. View from parking area. Roof, top view. Upper tier seating.


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architectural configuration of the stadiums huge, bulgedbuilding mass with its saddle-shaped roof this indigenousfeature is recognisable. However, the form was essentiallydeveloped out of stadium-specific conditions and was nottransferred from the historic vessel of the Arabian Gulf itself:first, the preferred seats are alongside the playing field or therunning track; second, spectators viewing distances growproportionally to football-related limits at 150 m (to max.190 m) between the extreme corner of the playing field andthe spectator. Thus, to form a bowl on an almost circularfootprint (although the playing field itself is rectangular) isthe obvious solution, as thereby an optimum viewing circlefor most spectators can be assured.

The second prominent feature of the design idea is theentailing double-curved roof geometry in form of a hyperbolicparaboloid (saddle shape), a condition, which stronglyinfluences the economy of an prestressed cable structure withtranslucent cladding.

Level Layouts

There is a clear structure in the functional and spatialallocation strictly following a very detailed space allocationprogramme, the aforementioned FIFA and IAAF handbooksand media guides as well as the overall local regulatory frameand, last but not least, stadium-specific experience and trends.

Level 0 as the lowest of a total of four levels is arrangedapproximately 5 m below ground or access level. Accessis provided by four ramps to the arena gates. An internalroad corridor provides access to all functional spaces for theathletes and sports event participants and, furthermore, to allstores and the main central building services plant rooms. Thearena itself with its four gates is fitted out with all football-and athletic-related facilities and has received full olympiccharacteristics in size, shape and visibility.

Level 1 is arranged above ground at all sides and is thereforethe actual ground level with respect to the access roads andthe surrounding stadium perimeter apron. The V.I.P. entranceis provided on two levels, the lower assigned for V.I.P.s, theupper is dedicated to HH the Amir, state officials and honoraryguests. Level 2 is placed in the approximately 3-m-high gapbetween the lower and the upper tier of the stadium bowl.A prominent, almost processional access system on thewestern side for HH the Amir and honorary guests is set upin a circular drive-up covered by an arts-craft glass canopy in

front of the entrance and reception hall with a passage leadito the fully air-conditioned viewing lounge. On the westestadium side, this level includes conveniences for HH tAmir and his retinue, additionally via segregated entran lobbies, working spaces, special boxes and studios for tmedia as well as offices for the administration can be founArranged around the central stadium axis and on the easteside a total of 42 corporate boxes (hospitality suites) includiassociated lobbies are provided. On the northern, eastern asouthern sides this concourse level also provides spectatrelated facilities and access to the seating areas.

The lower tier of the stadium bowls offers seating approximately 22,000 spectators, including 250 primary V.Iseating in the viewing lounge and another 500 secondaV.I.P. seats; additionally, the corporate boxes provide seatfor approximately 500 guests. Furthermore, a special spacethe northern and southern sides of the gap at the upper edgethe lower tier provides best views for physically handicappspectators visiting sports events with or without attendanc

Bowl Access, Circulation and Viewing Distance

Level 3 as the upper concourse is an intermediate level anddesigned to continue the concourse of level 2. It extends tosides and forms an additional perimeter circulation area for tspectators of the upper tier and ends, where the convenienfor the Sovereign and his guests in the gap zone between ttiers begin.

On all bowl sides (except main stand) the access stairwacoming from level 2 lead to the lower and also upper vomitoof the upper tier, thus fulfilling the FIFA requirements foraccess and egress system of stringent order and discipline the sake of spectators safety. The total spectator bowl lwithin a 130-m circle from the centre of the playing field athe optimum viewing circle of 90 m encloses the compllower tier on both longitudinal stadium sides.

Spectator Roofing

Since a stadium roof is based on the spectators comfrequirements (or demands) for providing shelter against rasun, wind and dust. And since FIFA not only recommenbut requests to have stadia with world cup qualifications wat least 70% of the seats covered, the International Stadiuis provided with a roof unique in structure and dimensiothe roof top view shows the almost circular roof area


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Projects 32

approximately 42,500 m; its geometry is determined by theshape of the seating bowl which results in a double-curvedstructural system. Its saddle shape is interrupted by anelliptical-circular opening just above the centre of the playingfield which has an diametre of approximately 88/113 m.

The roof cladding excludes of course not only the structurallyrequired circular area of the central opening, but also theelliptic area above the arena. Its structure of a single-layercable-net system is based on a bicycle wheel: the radial andring cables are arranged within the steel compression ring(the rim of the bicycle wheel) and the inner main tensionring (replacing the central node of a typical spoked wheel).The compression ring is clearly perceptible at the exteriorperimeter, as is the tension ring which encloses the inner roofopening and the cladding edge, forming thus an ellipse of146/118 m axis lengths. The placing of the compression ring onthe main concrete cantilevers, and the radial-concentric cable-net system spanned between compression and tension ringsprovides a visually simple but unique structural composition.

The roof cladding is composed of conical membrane elementssupported by flying masts. The translucent PTFE-coated glass-fibre fabric is perfectly suited to provide sufficient naturallight for the seating area; furthermore, its self-cleaningproperties are superior. The combination of steel tubes forcompression forces, high-strength prestressed cables for thetension elements and the light weight membrane material ismost qualified for large roof coverings of the magnitude of thenew Kuwait stadium.

Section-related Findings and Expertise

The sections reveal the figurative origin of the term dhow-shaped: dived in the ground by one storey (arena level) andbooming up to the bulged stand perimeter a similarity betweenthe traditional vessel and the stadium cross section is evident.The arrangement of two tiers overlapping each other thusproviding less distance between the spectators of the uppertier to the arena is one characteristic feature of the design;another one is the continuous slot between the two tierspromoting favourably the air circulation for spectator standsand arena by this jet principle. The sections also show thecontinuous ventilation gap between the upper bowl perimeteredge and the compression ring of the roof.

The elevations on each side convey a stadium image ofmotion and emotion as well as functional compliance with the

programme-related requirements and standards. The structuring of the bowl exteriors with their boom-like vtops make the support positions of the compression rione essential roof element clearly visible, the cantilever bfurther underline the bearing and stiffening function owhole superstructure and call to mind the indigenous feof the Arabian Gulf dhow.

Time Flow

Preliminary design was finalised by mid 2001; final desigtender documents by early 2002. Tender procedure inclevaluation was concluded by end of 2002. Construction sin 2004, after an interruption due to political reasons onlwas completed in 2008.

AssignmentsFor the study, design and planning of the Jaber al-AInternational Stadium Kuwait the State of Kuwait, represby the Public Authority for Youth and Sports, appointeformer) Weidleplan Consulting GmbH, Stuttgart/Germwhose design and planning architects (and engineersnow based at the architectural and engineering office ofPlanungs GmbH, Stuttgart/Germany. ASS is an expthe field of sports architecture and has, among others,responsible for the planning and construction of the wreand the weightlifting hall for the Commonwealth Gamesin New Delhi.

The local collaboration partner was Sief EngineConsultants of Kuwait. The design team included as sand expert subconsultants for the projects roof struthe renowned office of schlaich bergermann und pawith offices in Stuttgart, Berlin, New York and So Paumanaging director Knut Gppert is one of the worlds leexperts in roof design, responsible for as many as twrealised large stadium roofs, among others for Dubai SCity, the latest new stadia in South Africa (in Port ElizaDurban, Cape Town and Johannesburg) for the FIFA WCup 2010 and many new stadia on the drawing boards.


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Lebanon

Fact File

Country Name Republic of LebanonPopulation 3,971,941 (July 2008 estimate)Land Area 10,452 km2

Official Language Arabic with both English and French widely spokenCurrency Lebanese Pound = 100 PiasterMain Cities Beirut (Capital)


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Projects 34

Design and Construction of a

Municipal Solid Waste Treatment

Plant in Saida

Passavant-Roediger G

Michael P

Background

Saida is an ancient coastal city at the Mediterranean Sea, 40km in the south of Beirut. It has a population of over 230,000and is still growing. The landfill used for the disposal of wasteis close to the seaside. The environmental impact is very high:in times of stormy weather, parts of the landfill are washedinto the sea and thus pollute the beaches. However, there isno other area for the landfill available, but the municipalityhas been under high political pressure to find alternativesolutions for the waste management of the city.

In September 2003, the private Lebanese investor IBC signeda contract with several partners for the design, erectionand commissioning of a complete mechanical-biological

treatment plant for the municipal solid waste of Saidamain contractors are the Lebanese construction comSidoon Environmental and the German company PassaRoediger for the mechanical-electrical part of the digeplant, sludge dewatering, biogas treatment and storage

The treatment plant is located at the southern peripheSaida where soil had to be raised to built an artificial peniof approximately 20,000 m. Construction was completSeptember 2008, and after performing the necessarytests the authorities granted the operation permit. In2009, the plant was ready for commissioning. Negotiaare ongoing to establish a joint venture between IBC German partner to guarantee an adequate managemeMSWTC Saida during the next 15 to 20 years.

Municipal solid waste treatment plant in Saida, Lebanon.


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The Treatment Process

The company Passavant-Roediger has developed a treatmentprocess by which household waste can be separated in variousfractions, and valuable substances like metal, paper, textilesand plastics can be recycled. Another aspect of this process isthe biological treatment of organic waste in order to producebiogas and fertiliser for agricultural use. The process waterused for several treatment steps is to a high degree reusedin the plant. 10 to 30% of process water is treated prior toits disposal into the sea or to its reuse. The residual wasteis economically separated and prepared for recycling. Theconcept guarantees:

Minimising of the total solid waste to landfill Reutilisation of recyclable matter Protection of the resources by utilisation of the

produced biogas Reuse of the waste water after treatment and disinfecting Reuse of the organic fraction from waste and waste

water by conditioning and utilisation as fertiliserDaily, 300 tons of solid waste of the City of Saida aredelivered to the plant with vehicles. The solid wasteincludes: house garbage, branches and tree leaves,vegetable market waste, paper, cardboard, plastics, tires,batteries, metals and whatever is reasonably described asmunicipal waste, consisting of the following:

Organic material 63% 58% 60%

Paper/cardboard 11% 19% 15%

Plastics 11% 10% 11%

Glass 5% 6% 5%

Metals 3% 3% 3%

Textiles 4% 2% 3%

Inert/others 3% 2% 3%

Total 100% 100% 100%

The treatment concept consists of two steps: the mechanicalpretreatment and the biological treatment using the principleof anaerobic digestion in which Passavant-Roediger hereapplied their extensive experience and integral development

know-how and technology. Within the first step, the called mechanical pretreatment, the fractions, which are nbiodegradable and/or can be reused as raw material, e.g. meand plastics, are separated from the organic waste fraction means of crushing, splitting and separation.

Within the second step, the so-called biological treatmethe enriched organic fraction is treated anaerobically. The fifraction produced through the mechanical treatment is fedtwo feed preparation tanks (FPT) where it is transformed ina liquid suspension by adding process water coming from tprocess water tank. At this stage the mineral fraction containisand, stones, glass, ceramics, etc. is separated from the orgasuspension. This is particularly important as minerals, whare coming with the waste in considerable amount, may caumany incidents, i.e. sand blockages, wearing and tearing pumps, pipes and gate valves. The separation itself is performby a special backwashing and heavy reject-removal proceduwhich is regularly applied and part of the continuous fepreparation process.

The gained bio-suspension, which contains the orgamatter of the waste, is finally fed to the two digesting tanwhich are build concrete and have a total height of 30 m eaand an inner diametre of 19 m, comprising a total volume7,300 m. The temperature inside is maintained by continuosludge heating. During the following digestion process the orgasubstance is decomposed by means of microorganisms. By tanaerobic process, which is run in completely closed digestitanks without any air and light, biogas is produced, whichused for the generation of heat and electricity. The outputthe digestion process is a compost-like material which contaorganic carbon as well as nutrients like nitrogen and phosphaThe digestion process generates enough energy to run the entplant without the need for any external source of energy.

The bio-suspension coming from the feed preparation tanis mixed with a certain amount of recycled sludge from tdigesters. It is then pumped into the digesters. Consequentlight particles, which are entrapped in the thicker fesuspension, float to the surface of the digestion liquid. Tlight reject is regularly taken out of the reactor to keep tsurface free of scum. The dewatered, light reject materialthen collected in containers.

The entire process is an intensified digestion process wmixed by the Passavant-Roediger gas injection system withhanging gas lances in each digester. The gas-injection syst

Average


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Projects 36

ensures an excellent mixture of the reactor content to maintainminimum temperature and concentration gradients. This isparticularly important for a proper working digestion processwith maximum organic conversion rates and a maximum gasyield to be achieved. In the digestion process 50 to 60% ofthe organic load is converted into reusable biogas. Measuringinstruments are installed to monitor the digestion process andthe gas utilisation.

The biogas produced contains approximately 60% methaneand 40% carbon dioxide as main components. Approximately19,000 m/d of cleaned biogas is available for furtheruse. During normal operation the gas will be used in acogeneration plant to produce approximately 40,000 kWh/dof electrical energy and approximately 45,000 kWh/d ofthermal energy.

From a buffer storage tank the anaerobically treated sludge ispumped to the four mechanical dewatering machines whereit is mixed with flocculent to support the dewatering process,in which the sludge is dewatered to a dry solid content ofapproximately 30%. It is then treated in a postmaturationstep. For this purpose approximately 11,000 m of open space isavailable to produce compost which can be used in agricultureas fertiliser or for landscaping.

The filtrate which comes out of the dewatering machines ispumped into the process water tank for the internal recyclingand reuse in the feed preparation tanks. All separated fractionswith a high calorific value can be used as an auxiliary fuel, e.g.in the cement industry.

Environmental Measures and Outlook

A comprehensive waste water and waste air managemprovided in order to reduce emissions from the plant as possible. Therefore, the water consumption is optiin such a manner that the water needed for the procreused in an internal cycle as far as possible. Air emissiocaptured, and the waste air is purified by means of a biolsystem (biofilter) and a chemical scrubber system. Espeodorous substances are thus removed and the odour of wis after purification not noticeable .

Furthermore, all noise-intensive machinery is installed ior equipped with sound-damping so that noise emissionsthe operation of the plant are reduced as far as possiblemunicipal solid waste treatment plant of Saida is a firstowards an overall concept for waste management in Leband is to be considered a pioneer plant for further siprojects in the Middle East and Northern Africa.

Conveyor belts transport the mechanically pretreated waste to the feed preparationtanks where the waste is mixed with recycled process water. Sand and minerals areseparated through the hoppers by means of pneumatic sluices.


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Libya

Fact File

Country name Great Socialist Peoples Libyan Arab JamahiriyaPopulation 6,173,579 (July 2008 estimate)Land Area 1.8 million km2

Official Language ArabicCurrency 1 Libyan Dinar = 1,000 DirhamsMain Cities Tripoli (Capital), Benghazi, Misurata, Sabha, Tobruk


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Projects 38

Design and Construction Papadopoulos Associates GDipl.-Ing. Jrgen Papadop

Opportunities and Challenges

Arab-German business relations over the last few yearshave been mainly dominated by the field of construction andproject design, which was and will always remain one of themain business activities for German companies abroad.

At the beginning of 2005, North African countries andespecially Libya started to modernise their infrastructure andinstalled nationwide projects to develop their activities under acoordinated umbrella. In the 70s and 80s German constructioncompanies have already contributed to the development ofLibyan infrastructure. However, this came to a complete haltduring the severe economic sanctions. Since their removal,the liberal opening of the Libyan market around 2001 andthe huge revenues from the oil export, investments into the

infrastructure projects have been taken up again due thigh need to catch up. During this period, the PapadopGroup started to develop its business activities in pdesign, project management and project operation.

New Infrastructure Projects in Libya

Key to leading a country into the future is installing a minfrastructure that is functioning countrywide. Libya hanot only started infrastructure projects such as wastreal-estate projects like housing, offices, hospitals, induparks, tourist resorts, but is also investing in developnationwide railway system as well as the airport, portvarious street and traffic projects. All these are coordinatthe Ministry of Utilities, Housing and Infrastructure (HIB), the Organisation of Development of Administ

Car, shopping and office centre.


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Centres (ODAC) and the Social Economic Fund (SEF) as wellas many other national planning offices. The General Boardfor Projects was established a few months ago in order tocentrally coordinate the numerous projects, which focus atthe moment on:

Transportation: streets, railway, ports and airport Housing and living projects Commercial real estate projects: offices, hotel,

shopping centres, etc. Public buildings: hospitals, conference centre,

university, etc. Waste and infrastructure: waste, electricity, water, etc.

In total, these infrastructure projects amount to 100 billionLibyan dinars.

New Challenge in Libya

Since 2005, PAPADOPOULOS GROUP together with itslocal partner is engaged on the Libyan market as it believesthat Libya has and will have a high potential to realise itsinfrastructure projects.

Vital to planning infrastructure projects is to understathat a modern infrastructure system should not simply cowestern design, but should adapt modern technologies to loprocesses. Thus, the challenge is to avoid past mistakes othcountries already made and to consider new technologies lenergy-saving concepts as well as economical and reliatechniques. As it lies in the nature of those projects to long-term, they can only be accelerated by single mandatoprojects, like airports for example.

Yet, an infrastructure master plan is still one of the matasks. Albeit it is mandatory to target main infrastructuprojects for rural areas too, Libyan authorities focus at tmoment on the major cities, especially Tripoli: big housiprojects have been realised and are still under constructiIn the run-up to the 40th anniversary of the 1969 revolutinumerous projects were accelerated. However, this did nlast, as after this important date projects seem to be drivby more economic principles rather than by a great logisperspective of the infrastructure development.

As mentioned already, all actual infrastructure projects aorganised by state-owned coordination systems such

Car, shopping and office centre.


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Projects 40

ministries or funds. Though lately private joint ventures havetaken up the initiative as well. This is possibly due to the factthat the legal environment has developed favourably. Alsounder way is the installation of a countrywide geographicsystem which will update important documents like maps.

Business Concept

QUALITY

In our projects, we found that a clear understanding of thequality and demand these long-term projects make on theinvested competence in designing and managing them isessential for their successful completion. German expertiseand know-how in terms of construction standards like DINand project management reporting tools, such as financecontrol systems, are highly welcome as all concerned areinterested in finding the right modus operandi for theselarge-scale projects.

CROSS-CULTURAL

The serious support of the projects, driven not only bybusiness but also by a necessary identification with theproject and the countrys demands are from our point ofview key factors for successful business in Libya, naturallycombined with a long-term engagement in the countryitself. A cross-cultural communication style such as a flexibletime management, planning and negotiation are necessarilyimportant factors for success. In Libya this is known as:Without flexibility no success.

TR AI NI NG

The instalment of a local office with local staff is the naturalresult of this. The local staff has to be trained with view tocombine German expertise with local know-how to guaranteethe mentioned quality. Due to absent practical experience ofmany Libyan engineers, employers sponsor the qualificationand the expertise development. To integrate the training of staffright from the beginning is advised. Thus, foreign companieshave an advantage over competitors.


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Morocco

Fact File

Country Name Kingdom of MoroccoPopulation 34,860,000 (July 2009 estimate)Land Area 710,850 km2

Official Language ArabicCurrency Moroccan dirham (MAD) = 100 centimesMain Cities Rabat (Capital), Casablanca, Fes, Marrakech, Meknes, Oujda,

Agadir, Tangier, Tetouan, Layoune


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Projects 42

Ain Bni Mathar an Integrated

Solar-Combined Cycle Plant

Fichtner GmbH & C

Klaus Ric

Introduction

This article describes the technical features, financing andconstruction of the first integrated solar-combined cycle powerplant at Ain Bni Mathar in Morocco, which is being builtby Office Nationale de llectricit Morocco (ONE), Abengoa(EPC contractor) and Fichtner as consultant to ONE. Fichtnerperformed the initial studies, drew up the tender documentsas well as assisted ONE in selection and contract negotiationswith the successful bidder. At present we finalised the designreview and assist ONE in assuring the quality standards

during construction are met; construction is schedulecompletion in summer 2010.

Project Description

Ain Bni Mathar is the first integrated solar-comcycle power plant actually under construction in Moronorthern province of Jerada. Contracts for constructiofive years of initial operation and maintenance were awto the Abengoa Group, Spain, in April 2007 under ancontract. Owner of the plant is Office National de llect

Erection status February 2009: First mirror mounted on site.


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(ONE), Morocco, the countrys national energy supplier, whoawarded a contract to the Fichtner Group for consultancyservices, covering the feasibility study, drawing up the tenderdocuments, tender evaluation and, since April 2008, designreview, site supervision during construction, commissioningand assistance to the client during the warranty period.

The 472-MW-combined cycle power plant consists of twoAlstom GT13 E2 gas turbines, two heat-recovery steamgenerators built by Cerrey (Mexico), one Alstom steamturbine, one evaporation pond, one 225 kV substation, onesolar field with parabolic trough mirrors and heat transfer tothe boilers via high temperature fluid (HTF) as well as BoPequipment, workshop and offices.

The combined cycle plant receives its fuel via a 13 kmconnection pipeline to the MaghrebEurope gas pipelinewith additional thermal energy from the solar field. Theelectrical rating of the plant is 472 MWe. The total annualproduction is 3,538 GWh/y, of which 40 GWh/y come fromthe solar field. The generated electricity is evacuated viatwo 225 kV power lines to Oujda and Bourdim. The totalconstruction time is scheduled at 22 months for the simplecycle gas turbines and 34 months for the entire combinedcycle with the solar part. The simple cycle gas turbine was

commissioned in December 2009, with commissioning of tentire plant foreseen in May 2010.

The solar field consists of parabolic-cylindrical collectoconcentrating the solar radiation onto a central collectube, through which flows high temperature fluid (HTF) thtransfers its heat to the steam generator of the combincycle. Each collector consists of a row of six mirrors. Ttypical length of a collector is 99 m, its width is 5.76 m aits reflector surface is 545 m. Four collectors make up a rand two adjacent rows form a loop that discharges its Hto the central piping system connected to the HTF/steaheat exchangers. There are fifty rows in the north and rows in the south of the central piping system. The pow

The concept of the Ain Bni Mathar ISCC. In a conventional

combined cycle power plant, the hot exhaust gases of thegas turbine(s) are used in the heat recovery steam generator(HRSG) to produce steam which can power the steam turbine.In an ISCC integrated solar-combined cycle power plant additional steam is raised in a parabolic trough solar field.Thus, during daytime, the electricity yield is increased.

Erection status September 2008: Mirror workshop erected.


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Projects 44

plant itself is set in the middle of the northern solar field,so the total number of rows here is only fifty. Cleaning andmaintenance of the collectors is done from the aisles betweenthe collectors.

Financing of the Project

Financing of the 452-million plant is assured byfollowing sources:

1. African Development Bank: 287.8 million2. World Environmental Fund: 36.6 million3. ONE and Abengoa: 127.6 million

Construction

The official inauguration of the project took place on 28 March2008, when His Majesty Mohammed VI, King of Morocco,unveiled the traditional stone monument into which heinserted the tube containing the inauguration act.

In May 2008, Abener, the engineering arm of Abengoa,together with local subsuppliers started the works by levellingthe plant area and excavating the pits for the gas turbine andtransformer foundations. At the same time ONE started tobuilt its switchyard, which is not part of the Abengoa project.

In September 2008, the workshop for manufacture of thesolar collectors was erected (see figure 3), the gas turbinefoundations were under construction and a start had beenmade on erecting the pipe racks for the steam generators.

In October 2008, the first one of two gas turbines arrived onsite, and this was mounted on its foundation. Civil constructionof all other buildings progressed, and in December 2008, themain transformers had been mounted on their foundations.

In February 2009, the first of 2,688 mirrors was mounted on itsfoundation (see figure 1) and the 13 km long 14" pipe connectionto the MaghrebEurope gas pipeline was completed. Electricalinstallations and erection of the gas turbines continued.

Between April and June 2009, the water supply and watertreatment systems were finished as well as the gas turbines, theGT bypasses and the pipe racks. The two heat-recovery steamgenerators, aero condenser and steam turbine powerhousemain crane were under construction. First synchronisation ofgas turbine no. 1 took place in May 2009.

In summer 2009, gas turbine no. 1 passed its performtest and gas turbine no. 2 started its commissioning. Ereof the heat recovery steam generators, steam turbine,condenser and solar field continued. In December 2009two gas turbines were operative.

Since March 2010 cold commissioning of the steam tuis underway and the solar field is complete to approxim95% (see figure 4). We are optimistic that we will geentire plant operational by summer 2010.

Erection status March 2010: ISCC almost completed.


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Oman

Fact File

Country Name Sultanate of OmanPopulation 2.8 million (June 2009)Land Area 309,500 km2

Official Language Arabic, with English widely spokenCurrency 1 Rial = 1000 biaza (Fixed Peg with US Dollar)Main Cities Muscat (Capital), Salalah, Sohar, Sur, Nizwa, Duqm


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Projects 46

Construction of a Methanol Plant:

A Strategy to Diversify the Omani Econom

Ferrosta

Dr. Matthias Mitsch

Introduction

The level of prosperity in Oman is mainly due to itslarge reserves of oil. In future, it is hoped to maintainthis prosperity through explorating and refining naturalgas. Ferrostaal implemented a methanol plant in Soharfor the Oman Methanol Company L.L.C., which formsan important part of the strategy to diversify the Omanieconomy. The Sultanate of Oman has changed greatly sinceit started exporting oil in the late sixties. The black goldfrom the desert has transformed what was once an agrariancountry into a sought-after exporter of raw materials.

Up to now practically everything in the countryrevolved around oil. The power supply is also labased on it. However, the black gold from the deserlimited resource. The reserves of over five billion bare expected to last just another 20 years and are relasmall when compared with those of the neighbouring UArab Emirates and Saudi Arabia. The production capaare already declining. A large number of sources havein operation for 30 years and no longer yield as muas they once did, while new oil fields are more difficexploit. Whether in the short or long term, it is essentiOman to diversify its economy.

Ferrostaal implemented a methanol plant in Sohar, which forms an important part of the strategy to diversify the Omani economy.


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Natural Gas as an AlternativeThis state in the southeastern part of the Arabian Peninsulapossesses not only oil but also natural gas. The gas reserves arestill largely undeveloped and open up new opportunities forvalue creation in the country: the confirmed gas deposits wouldbe enough for more than 50 years at the current productionrate. The demand is at present higher than the supply and willcontinue to grow if greater added value is to be brought intothe country through various gas-based projects.

An important building block in the diversification of Omaeconomy is the methanol plant MO3000 in Sohar.

Reduce Dependency on the Oil Price

Ferrostaal signed a joint-venture agreement with OmMethanol Holding Company, part of a leading privaindustrial conglomerate in Oman, and Methanol HoldinTrinidad Limited, a leading global methanol producer. Tthree partners founded the project company Oman Methan

In future, it is hoped to maintain the prosperity in Oman through explorating and refining natural gas.


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Projects 48

Company L.L.C. with the purpose to develop, implement,own and operate a methanol production plant to be built inSohar, 250 km northwest of the capital of Muscat.

The location of the methanol plant is the Sohar IndustrialPort Area, a previously undeveloped site, which wasdeveloped into an industrial park by the Sultanate of Oman.The aim is, by promoting private-industrial developmentin the downstream sector to reduce the previously strongdependence of the Omani economy on the oil price and toachieve a higher added value.

To develop and operate the industrial park as well as theassociated port the government of the Sultanate of Oman andthe Port of Rotterdam founded a joint venture named SoharIndustrial Port Company. Today, the port is fully operationalwith state-of-the-art facilities. With current investmentsexceeding $14 billion it is one of the worlds largest portdevelopment projects.

What Started in Trinidad Will Be Continued

in Oman

The MO3000 methanol plant is the fifth of this type thatwas built by Ferrostaal over the last 20 years. The experience,knowledge and expertise gained in Trinidad played a key rolein the design and construction of this plant the design andconstruction of the project MO3000 has been based on thesame model as those on the Caribbean island of Trinidad.

Representing an investment of more than $500 million,the plant was designed for an operating capacity of 3,000tons of methanol per day or one million tons per year destined for the chemical industry in Europe and Asia. Theresponsibilities of Ferrostaal included the development andthe creation of a structured finance concept as well as theengineering and the procurement for the project. Ferrostaalspartner Proman was in charge of the construction of theMO3000 plant.

The Process at MO3000 in Detail

First of all, the natural gas passes through a supply pipelineinto a desulphurizer. There, as natural gas contains sulphur,it is first cleaned for sulphur is aggressive and attacks someplant components. The actual conversion into methanoldoes not begin until after the desulphurisation. Thedesulphurised natural gas passes through a heated pipe into

the prereformer. Hot water vapour is added. The gas heaand it becomes possible to break down the natural gasits individual components. Natural gas consists mainlyvariety of hydrocarbons. Through the heating process, hydrocarbons can be transformed into a balanced mixtumethane, hydrogen, CO and CO

2

. This split is a precondfor the further processing of the natural gas.

After passing through the prereformer the actual conveprocess begins as not all the hydrocarbons can be brdown in the prereformer. This is achieved by adding more steam prior to introducing it into a tubular reformer. There, the natural gas, already partly split, up to about 880 C and the remaining hydrocarbons arsplit and synthesis gas is formed. After the steam reforprocess, the hot synthesis gas is cooled down to 250 Cmixed with the remaining split gases in the synthesisThe result of the catalytic synthesis is raw methanolprocess is initiated and accelerated by catalysts.

Now, the real refining process starts, for the raw metstill contains unwanted constituents which have tremoved. This takes place in two stages. By means oflight components of the raw methanol are first separatefed back into the process in order to achieve more effimethanol production. Then the raw methanol is distilled and surplus water is removed raw methanol contains aamount of residual water. What is left is 99% pure methwhich is then routed to atmospheric storage tanks.

Methanol

Methanol is an organic chemical compound with the forCH

4O. In 2008, global consumption of methanol w

million tons. By 2012, an additional annual requiremefive million tons is expected. Currently, methanol ismainly in the chemical sector, the highest increaseexpected in the fuel sector. In the chemical industry, chemicals such as formaldehyde and acetic acid are proout of methanol. In the energy sector, methanol is usa raw material for the production of conventional fueaddition, pure methanol (M100) in engines allows sulfree, clean combustion and is used in fuel cells to suhydrogen.


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Masterplan and Main Building

of the German University

of Technology in Oman

German University

Technology in Oman (GUte

Prof. Dr. Burkhard Rauh

German University of Technology in Oman

Masterplan

The German University of Technology in Oman (GUtech) wasfounded in 2007 based on a Collaborative Agreement betweenRWTH Aachen University and the private company OmanEducational Services LLC. The basic idea was to establish anuniversity of technology in Oman based on German expertisein the education and training of engineers and scientists.Moreover, the university should have strong ties to t

arab german yearbook 2010

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