arabic and latin glossary, letter b - uni-wuerzburg.de...the arabic counterparts to the latin lemma...

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Arabic and Latin Glossary, Letter BD.N. Hasse1

The "Arabic and Latin Glossary" unites the entries of all glossaries in modern editions of medieval Latin translations from the Arabic. It consists of a longer Latin-Arabic part and a shorter Arabic-Latin part.

The principal aim of the first part (Latin-Arabic), which is arranged according to the Latin alphabet, is to give a survey of the Arabic words and phrases which are behind a Latin term of medieval translation literature. The Glossary gives English translations of the Arabic terms, so that a reader without knowledge of Arabic can consult the Glossary and study the semantic range which lies behind a Latin term. When the grammatical categories of the Arabic and Latin terms differ, the reader is given a grammatical explanation and an illustrative sentence is cited. The Glossary also covers proper names (with the exception of the names of single persons), and hence it contains many loan words, as in zoology, astronomy or materia medica. The Arabic counterparts to the Latin lemma are arranged in a simple hierarchical order, from the most common to the least common root. Terms of the same root are listed together; in this, the Glossary follows the method of the "Greek and Arabic Lexicon" by Endreß and Gutas.

The principal aim of the second part, which is arranged according to the Arabic alphabet, is to give a survey of the Latin counterparts chosen to translate an Arabic term. The Arabic-Latin glossary thus serves, first, as a tool for studying techniques of translation, and, second, as a reference work for the interpretation of Arabic philosophy and the sciences – since the Latin translators were very early and often intelligent readers and interpreters of the Arabic texts. The Arabic-Latin glossary does not contain English translations, grammatical explanations or illustrative sentences and will therefore be much shorter than the first part. There is no specimen of this part of the Glossary yet, because we will produce it automatically when the Latin-Arabic part is completed.

The Letter B:The first letter we have finished is the Latin letter B. This will be the shortest of all chapters of the Glossary. At the end of the chapter, the reader will find a list with the primary and secondary sources cited in the Glossary.The specimen below presents the chapter in the version of 15 April 2008. The Glossary does not yet cover all existing Arabic-Lation glossaries in modern editions of medieval Latin texts. Readers are most welcome to communicate to us additions and corrections.

D.N. [email protected]

1 In collaboration with PD Dr. Reinhard Kiesler, Barbara Jockers M.A. and Katrin Fischer M.A. Research on the Arabic and Latin Glossary is funded by the Volkswagen Foundation.

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Latin-Arabic Glossary: B

Babylonia:ba™dÁd – Baghdad (1 Avic. Gen.)

bacca caprarum:fÁliyÚrus wa-l-þalÍq – paliurus and ivy (bot.) (1 Nico. Plan.)Dietrich 1988, nr. I.61.

baculum:1. ¿ašaba – stick (1 Avic. An.)

2. sawÔ – whip (1 Avic. An.)Gloss. Seyb. baculum vel bacterium: þukkÁs (fn: þukkÁz).

baha:bÁÁ (corrupt for: mÁyÁ) – maiae, spiny spider-crabs (zool.) (2 Aris. Anim. II)< Greek maiqai.

Bahalbethe:baþla bakk – Baalbek (city) (1 Aver. MC Int.)Etym. is unclear; see EI2 s.v. "Baþlabakk".

Bahmanme(t)h:bahman mÁh – Bahman MÁh (Persian month) (3 Albu. Coni.)< Persian Bahman MÁh.

balaustia:ºullanÁr – flower of the pomegranate (bot.) (1 Nico. Plan. / 5 Albuzale Simp.)Dietrich 1988, nr. I.82.

balbutire:1. na™ama – to hum, voice sounds (1 Aver. MC Int.)

2. tamtÁm – to stammer (1 Aver. MC Gen.): al-tamtÁmu - balbutiens

balneum or balnea:½ammÁm – bath (Mesue Aph. A / 1 Alcab. / 1 Avic. An. / 4 Nico. Plan. / Mesue Aph. B / 3

Avic. Qual.)

balneari:ista½amma – to take a bath (1 Avic. Qual.)

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Gloss. Seyb.: ½ammÁm.

balneari // balneari in aqua: šaraþa fÍ l-mÁÿi (2 Avic. Qual.)

balsamita:bÁªarÚº, huwa al-½abaq al-nahrÍ Persian n. and its Arabic syn. – basil (bot.) (1 Albuzale

Simp.)< Pers. bÁdrÚº; Dietrich 1988, nr. II.124.

balsamum (n.):1.1 balasÁn – balsam (bot.) (1 Nico. Plan. / 1 Avic. Gen. / 1 Avic. Qual. / 4 Albuzale Simp.)

1.2 duhn al-balasÁn genit. compound – oil of the balsam tree (2 Albuzale Simp.)Dietrich 1988, nr. I.16. Gloss. Seyb.: balsÁn.

bambasium:quÔn – cotton (1 Alcab.)

bandi (pl.):þaÈabiyya – fanaticism, party spirit (1 Albu. Coni.)

barba:1.1 li½ya – beard (1 Alcab. / 1 Avic. An. / 1 Avic. Met. / 2 Aris. Anim. III)1.2 li½Áÿ – inner bark (of trees) (1 Nico. Plan.). The translator erroneously read li½ya instead

of li½Áÿ.Gloss. Seyb.: li½ya.

barba iovis: 1. sÁº – teak tree (bot.) (1 Nico. Plan.)Siggel 1950, 41. Dietrich 1993, nr. 40.2. amÍrbÁrÍs – barberry (bot.) (1 Albuzale Simp.)Dietrich 1988, nr. I.62.

barba yrcina:li½yat al-tays n. + adj – goatsbeard (bot.) (4 Albuzale Simp.)Dietrich 1988, nr. II.126.

barbarus (n.):barbarÍ – barbarian (1 Aris. Anim. II)< Greek baßrbarow.Gloss. Seyb.: barbarÍ šarÍr

barcora (n.):

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barfÚrÁ (or alternatively: barfÚrÍ; bÚrfÍrÁ) – purpura (zool.) (2 Aris. Anim. II / 1 Aris. Anim. III)< Greek porfußra.

barneteoz:barnÁsÚs (or: barnÁtiyyÚs) – Parnassus (mountain) (1 Aris. Anim. II)< Greek Parnasoßw.

basilica (sc. vena):bÁsilÍq – basilic (vein), outside on the arm (anat.) (1 Mesue Aph. A, B)Hyrtl 1879, 74-77. Fonahn 1922, nr. 600. Lokotsch 1927, nr. 262.

basis: qÁþida – base, baseline (e.g. of a triangle, a pentagon, a cone; or part of a star name) (1 Avic.

An. / 3 Ptol. Almag. / 1 Anar. / 5 Avic. Gen. / 2 Alhaz.)Gloss. Seyb.: qÁþida wa-sÁriya.

basis // ad basim: min aºl (1 Thab. Astr.)

bastiz:mÍÔÍs – mytis (analogous part of the liver in molluscs) (2 Aris. Anim. II)< Greek mußtiw; bastiz not in MLW, DMLBS. Cf. bositiz.

bathor:bÁhÚr / bÁ¿Ún / bÁºÚr – Pachon (Greek month) (1 Thab. Astr.)< Greek Paxvßn.

batoz:bÁÔÚs – Batos, kind of ray (zool.) (2 Aris. Anim. II)< Greek baßtow.

battitura aeris:tÚbÁl al-nu½Ás or zahrat al-nu½Ás – copper particles (min.) (2 Albuzale Simp.)

baurac:bawraq – natron (compound of various salts containing mainly sodium carbonate) (min.) (3

Albuzale Simp.)< Pers. bÚrah. Lokotsch 1927, nr. 356. Goltz 1972, 248-250. EI2 s.v. "bawrak". Cf. borax.

beatitudo: 1. fal½ – prosperity (2 Alcab.)

2. saþÁda – happiness (Fara. Scien. GC)

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Gloss. Seyb.: saþÁda wa-falÁ½.

bdellium:muql – bdellium (bot.) (10 Albuzale Simp.)Dietrich 1988, nr. I.29.

bedarugium:al-bÁdarÚº – basil (bot.) (1 Albuzale Simp.)< Pers. bÁdrÚº; Dietrich 1988, II 124.

bedazardia:bÁzahariya – bezoar (min., used as remedy against poisoning) (1 Albuzale Simp.)< pers. pÁd-zahr: "antidote"; Dietrich 1993, nr. 47 s.v. bÁzahr. EI2 s.v. bÁzahr. Lokotsch 1927, nr. 1605.

bedegar:bÁªÁward – (a kind of) thistle (bot.) (3 Albuzale Simp.)< pers. bÁd Áward: "brought by the wind"; Dietrich 1988, nr. III.14. Lokotsch 1927, nr. 157.

beemun:bahamun – star name (43,d Eridanus) (1 Ptol. Almag.)< unidentifiable Greek star name. The Arabic vocalization of bhmn is uncertain. Kunitzsch 1990, 139 fn 47.

been:bahman n. – behen root? (unidentified, possibly of the species moringa) (bot.) (1 Albuzale

Simp.)Dozy s.v. bahman.

been album:bahman abya± – white behen root? (unidentified) (bot.) (1 Albuzale Simp.)Dietrich 1993, nr. 15.

been rubeum:bahman a½mar – red behen root? (unidentified) (bot.) (1 Albuzale Simp.)Dietrich 1993, nr. 16.

belenum:lab¿ or laba¿ – lebak (tree) (bot.) (1 Nico. Plan.)Dietrich 1988, nr. I.110.

bellerici (species) (pl.):

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1. halÍlaºa or hilaylaºa – myrobalan (bot.) (1 Avic. Met.)Siggel 1950, 21. Dietrich 1993, nr. 1. Lieberknecht 1995, 71.2. balÍlaº n. gen. – belleric myrobalan (bot.) (1 Albuzale Simp.)Dietrich 1993, nr. 6.

bellare:ibtadaÿa bi-l-½arb – to begin a war (1 Alcab.)

bellotae glandes:ballÚÔ – acorn (1 Nico. Plan.)Lokotsch 1927, nr. 206. Kiesler 1994, 153.

bellum: 1. ½arb, more often: ½urÚb (pl.) – war, wars (125 Albu. Coni. / 1 Alcab.)

2. qitÁl – killing, fighting (2 Albu. Coni. / 2 Alcab.)

3. mal½ama – (bloody) battle (1 Avic. An.)Gloss. Seyb.: ½arb.

bellum // facere bellum: mu½Áraba (10 Albu. Con.)

ben:bÁn – ben-nut tree (Moringa) (bot.) (1 Albuzale Simp.)Dietrich 1988, nr. IV.146. EI2 s.v. bÁn.

beluae (pl.):dawÁbb (al-mÁÿ) (pl.) – animals (of the water) (3 Albu. Coni.)

bene:1.1 ºayyid adj. (in acc. or qualifying an internal object or + n. in gen.) – good (3 Avic. An. / 1

Aris. Anim. II / 2 Aris. Anim. III)1.2 ºÚda n. (+ n. in gen.) – excellence (of) (1 Aver. Ep. Parv. / 1 Aris. Anim. II): ºÚdatu l-

taÈwÍri – bene ymaginando1.3 ºÁda v. (+ n. in nom.) – to be good (1 Aris. Anim. II): iªÁ ºÁda nÚ±Úºu damihi – quando

bene digeritur sanguis1.4 ºawwada fÍ v. + prep. – (to do) well, (to be) right (when doing ...) (1 Nico. Plan)

2.1 a½sana v. (+ acc.) – to do (sth.) well (1 Avic. Qual.): tu½sinu i½Álata l-ruÔÚbati – posset valde bene convertere humiditatem

2.2 ½asan adj. (in acc. or + gen.) – good (1 Avic. Gen. / 1 Aris. Anim. III): man ½asanu l-naãari – bene studenti

2.3 mu½sin adj. (+ subord. clause) – doing right (1 Aris. Anim. III): huwa mu½sinun ½ayÝu yazþumu – bene dicit quando opinatur

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3. niþma v. (+ n. or sentence introduced with mÁ) – (how) excellent (is) (1 Anar. / 3 Aris. Anim. II / 1 Avic. Gen.)

4. mu½kam adj. (+ n. in gen.) – perfect (1 Nico. Plan. / 1 Aris. Anim. II): mu½kamu l-Ôab¿i – bene digestus

5. šÁfin (šfy) adj. (qualifying an internal object) – curative; clear (e.g. examination) (1 Aris. Anim. II): man naãara fÍhi naãaran šÁfiyan – qui volunt bene intueri in hoc

6. Èala½a v. (+ subord. clause) – to be proper, to be fitting (that) (1 Avic. Gen.): yaÈlu½u an yuqÁla – bene potest dici

7. aÈÁba v. (+ n. or subord. clause) – to be right (2 Aris. Anim. II / 4 Aris. Anim. III): qad aÈÁba fÍ qawlihi – bene dixit

8. nafþ n. (in the gen. preceded by n.) – benefit (1 Avic. Met.): ÍÈÁlu nafþin – sibi bene fieri

9. šidda n. (+ gen.) – strength, high degree (1 Avic. Gen.): šiddatu sti½fÁãihÍ – ad bene servandum eam

10. qad particle (+ v. in perf.) – already (1 Aris. Anim. II / 1 Aris. Anim. III): qad þalimnÁ anna – nos bene scimus quod

11. fÍ ™Áyat prep. + n. (+ gen.) – in the utmost degree (1 Anar.): allaªÍ fÍ ™Áyati l-tarattubi – que est bene ordinata

bene // bene esse: ½asuna ½Ál + gen. (1 Albu. Coni.)bene // bene factus: mubram (1 Albu. Coni.)bene // digerere bene: lÁ yan±aºu mÁ fÍhi kifÁyatun (1 Aris. Anim. III)bene // non bene: qalÍl (1 Mesue Aph. B)bene // ita bene: ay±an (21 Avic. Gen. s.v. "ita"/ 12 Avic. Qual. s.v. "ita"), ka-ªÁlik (5 Avic.

Gen. / 3 Avic. Qual.), baþdu (1 Avic. Gen.), li-ªÁlik (1 Avic. Gen.)

benedictio:1. baraka – blessing (1 Avic. Met. / 1 Ibn Tum.)

2. zakÁÿ – purity, goodness (bestowed upon others) (1 Avic. Met.)

benedictus est: 1. tabÁraka – to be blessed (Procl. Arab. / 2 Ibn Tum.)

2. sub½Ána n. (+ gen.) – praise (the Lord!) (1 Avic. Gen.): sub½Ána l-¿Áliqu – sit autem Dominus benedictus

Gloss. Seyb.: mubÁrak.

benefacere: 1.1 a½sana – to do a good to sb. (2 Avic. Met.)1.2 i½sÁn n. – charity, doing good to sb. (1 Albu. Coni. / 1 Avic. Met.)

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2. afÁda – to bestow benefit (1 Avic. Met.)

3. al-maþrÚf verbal n. (originally a participle) – goodness, beneficence (3 Albu. Coni.): yafšÚ l-þadalu fÍ l-nÁsi wa-l-maþrÚfu – effundetur iustitia in homines et benefacere

Gloss. Seyb.: benefacio et bene ago: ÿa½sin [sic].

beneficium: 1. niþma n. – good deed, favour (3 Ibn. Tum.)

2. minna – kindness, gift (1 Avic. Met.) 3. ¿ayr – the (beneficial) good (1 Avic. Met.)Gloss. Seyb.: i½sÁn.

beneficium // recipere beneficium: u½sina ilayhi (1 Avic. Met.)

beneplacitum: 1.1 ri±an – satisfaction (1 Avic. Met.)1.2 ri±wÁn – consent (1 Mesue Aph. A)

2. iªn – permission (1 Ibn Tum.)

3. istiÔÁþa – capability (1 Aver. MC Int.)

4. mutabarriþÚn act. part. in pl. – donors (who give voluntarily) (1 Avic. Met.): sallamnÁ mutabarriþÍna anna – concedamus pro beneplacito nostro quod

Gloss. Seyb.: bene placitum: muzakkÁ.

benevolentia: ½asan al-¿ulq adj. + gen. – fine character (1 Alcab.): ½asanu l-¿ulqi – ostendit benivolentiamGloss. Seyb.: widÁd wa-ma½abba.

benevolus: ½asan al-¿ulq adj. + gen. – having a fine character (1 Alcab.) Gloss. Seyb.: wadÚd.

benignitas: 1. ½ilm – kindness (1 Avic. An.)

2. ½usn – excellence (1 Alcab.) Gloss. Seyb.: benignitas et bonitas: ½usn wa-ÿi½sÁn wa-ºÚd wa-karam wa-½ilm.

berberis:amÍrbÁrÍs – barberry (bot.) (2 Albuzale Simp.)Dietrich 1988, nr. I.62.

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bestia: 1. dÁbba, pl. dawÁbb mostly pl. – animal; riding animal (30 Albu. Coni. / 4 Alcab. / 1 Avic.

Met. / 1 Ibn Tum. / 2 Aris. Anim. II / 1 Aris. Anim. III)

2. bahÍma, pl. bahÁÿim always pl. – livestock (12 Albu. Coni.)

3. mÁšiya, pl. mawÁšin always pl. in Arabic and Latin – livestock (5 Albu. Coni.)

4. ½ayawÁn – animal (1 Mesue Aph. B)Gloss. Seyb.: dÁbba.

bestialis:bahÍmÍ – animal (adj.) (6 Albu. Coni. / 2 Avic. An. / 2 Avic. Met. / 6 Aver. Ep. Parv.)

bibere: 1.1 šariba – to drink (1 Mesue Aph. A/ 1 Aver. Ep. Parv.)1.2 šurb n. – drinking (1 Avic. Met. / 1 Ibn Tum.) Gloss. Seyb.: ašrab wa-aºraþ.

bicolor (adj.):ªÚ lawnayn ªÚ + gen. dual – possessing two colours (2 Albu. Abbr.)

bicorpor (adj.):ªÚ ºasadayn ªÚ + gen. dual – bicorporal (1 Albu. Abbr.)

biduini:ahl al-qurÁ n. + gen. pl. – people of the villages (2 Albu. Coni.)Lokotsch 1927, nr. 164.

biformis:1. ªÚ ÈÚratayn ªÚ + gen. dual – possessing two forms (2 Albu. Abbr.)2. ªÚ ºasadayn ªÚ + gen. dual – bicorporal (1 Albu. Abbr.)

bifurcatio:taqÁÔuþ – intersection (1 Avic. An.)

bihemenmeh:bahman mÁh – Bahman MÁh (Persian month) (2 Thab. Astr.)< Persian Bahman MÁh.

binarius:ÝunÁÿÍ – binary (11 Aver. MC Int.)

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biona:bardÍ – papyrus (bot.) (1 Albuzale Simp.)Dietrich 1988, nr. I.55.

bipartitus:ÔÁÿifatÁni n. in the dual – two groups (1 Aver. Ep. Parv.): wa-hÁÿÚlÁÿi nqasamÚ ÔÁÿifatayni –

illi ... sunt bipartiti

bipes:1. ªÚ riºlayn ªÚ + gen. dual – two-legged (3 Aver. MC Int.)

2. allaªÍ lahÚ riºlÁn rel. clause + n. in the dual – which have two legs (1 Aris. Anim. III)

biritin:nÍrÍÔÍ – Nerite, spiral univalve shellfish (zool.) (1 Aris. Anim. II)< Greek nhreiqtai.

bis: 1. marratayn n. in the dual – twice (3 Avic. An. / 4 Avic. Met. / 2 Aver. MC Int)

2. ilÁ iÝnayniyya prep. phrase – duality (1 Avic. Met.): wa-þÁÿidun ilÁ Ýnayniyyatin – unde oportet idem repeti bis

Gloss. Seyb.: iÝnÁni.

bismalva:¿iÔmÍ – marsh mallow (bot.) (1 Albuzale Simp.)Dietrich 1988, nr. III.138.

blandimentum:siyÁsa – discipline (of soldiers) (1 Albu. Coni.)Gloss. Seyb.: luÔf wa-salas.

blandities:lÍn – gentleness (1 Albu. Coni.)

blatta bisancia:aãfÁr al-ÔÍb genit. compound – claws of fragrance (the upper part of certain water snails,

which was used as a fragrance) (zool.) (2 Albuzale Simp.)Dietrich 1988, nr. II.6.

bleta:

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silq – beet (bot.) (1 Albuzale Simp.)Dietrich 1988, nr. II.104.

blitus:¿ass – lettuce (bot.) (1 Albuzale Simp.)Dietrich 1988, nr. II.118.

bokori:barfÚrÁ (or: barfÚrÍ; bÚrfÍrÁ) – purpura (zool.) (1 Aris. Anim. II)< Greek porfußra. Cf. barcora.

boloz:yÚlÚs – millipede (zool.) (1 Aris. Anim. II)< Greek iäoulow.

bolus or bolum:ÔÍn – clay (2 Albuzale Simp.)

bolus armenicus:ÔÍn armanÍ – Armenian clay (earth containing iron oxide) (min.) (3 Albuzale Simp.) Goltz 1972, 150-151 and 254.

bolus sigillatus:ÔÍn ma¿tÚm n. + adj. – sealed clay (min.) (1 Albuzale Simp.)

bombix: quÔn – cotton (1 Alcab.)Gloss. Seyb.: dÚd al-½arÍr.

bonitas:1.1 ¿ayr – good (n.) (2 Avic. An. / 92 Avic. Met. / 1 Fara. Int. / 2 Fara. Flos / Procl. Arab.) 1.2 ¿ayriyya – goodness (16 Avic. Met.)1.3 ¿ayrÁt pl. – good deeds, benefits (1 Albu. Con.)

2.1 ºÚda – excellence (1 Albu. Coni. / 1 Alcab. / 1 Avic. Met. / 2 Nico. Plan. / 8 Aris. Anim. II / 8 Aris. Anim. III/ 1 Aver. Ep. Parv.)

2.2 ºayyid adj. (+ gen.) – good (adj.) (1 Aver. Ep. Parv.): ºayyidu l-ªikri – bonitas memoriae

3.1 ½usn – goodness (10 Albu. Coni. / 2 Aris. Anim. III)3.2 i½sÁn – beneficence (1 Ibn Tum.)

4. ÈalÁ½ – sound condition; piety (14 Albu. Coni.)

5. ÔÍb – goodness (8 Albu. Coni.)

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6.1 fa±l – superiority (1 Albu. Coni.)

6.2 fa±Íla – advantage, excellence (1 Alcab. / Procl. Arab.)

7. basÔ – happiness, delectation (1 Albu. Coni.)

8. šukr – gratitude (1 Albu. Coni.)

9. ºazÁÿ – recompense, reward (1 Avic. Met.)

10. tahayyuÿ– aptitude, disposition (1 Kindi Som.)

boniz:lÚbÁs – limpet (zool.) (1 Aris. Anim. II)< Greek lepaßw.

bonum (n.):1.1 ¿ayr – good (n.) (Mesue Aph. A, B/ 32 Albu. Coni. / 2 Avic. An. / 47 Avic. Met.)1.2 ¿ayriyya – goodness (1 Avic. Met.)1.3 ¿ayra – a good (1 Avic. Met.)

2. ÈalÁ½ – goodness (e.g. of condition or morals) (2 Albu. Coni.)

3. niþma (n.) – blessing, favor (1 Alcab. / 1 Albu. Coni.)

4. Ôayyib adj. – good, friendly (1 Albu. Coni.): Ôayyibu hawÁÿi l-Èayfi – bonum aeri estatis

5.1 i½sÁn – doing good (1 Ibn Tum.)5.2 ½asana – good deed (1 Alcab.)

6. rizq – gift, blessing (1 Ibn Tum.)

7. mÁl – property (1 Ibn Tum.)

8. saþÁda – good luck, prosperity (1 Mesue Aph. B)

bonus: 1.1 ºayyid – good, excellent (e.g. a thing, faculty, or astrol. position) (3 Albu. Coni. / 1 Avic.

An. / 1 Fara. Int. / 3 Nico. Plan. / 20 Aris. Anim. II (cf. s.v. "ºÁda") / 10 Aris. Anim. III / 11 Aver. Ep. Parv.)

1.2 ºÚda n. (+ gen.) – goodness, excellence (2 Albu. Coni.): ºÚdatu fahmihim – bonum intellectum eorum

2.1 ¿ayr – excellent; valuable (2 Albu. Coni. / 4 Avic. Met. / 43 Aver. MC Int.)2.2 ¿ayrÍ – good (e.g. thing, cause) (2 Albu. Coni. / 2 Avic. Met.)2.3 ¿ayriyya n. – goodness (1 Avic. Met.): takÚnu l-mÁhiyyatu þaqliyyatan ma½±atan,

¿ayriyyatan ma½±atan – quidditas est intelligibilis, pura, bona2.4 ¿ayyir – virtuous (person) (1 Avic. Met.)

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2.5 ¿ayra n. – good thing (1 Avic. Met.): ašyÁÿun hiya ¿ayrÁtun – rebus bonis

3.1 ½asan – beautiful; good (e.g. condition) (88 Albu. Coni. / 2 Alcab. / 1 Avic. An. / 2 Avic. Met. / 2 Aris. Anim. II)

3.2 ½usn n. (+ gen.) – goodness (13 + passim Albu. Coni. / 1 Avic. Met.): ½usnu mtizÁºihÍ – bona complexio eius

4.1 Ôayyib – good, friendly (e.g. mind) (5 Alcab. / 5 Albu. Coni.)4.2 ÔÍb n. (+ gen.) – goodness (1 Albu. Coni.): ÔÍbu nafsihÍ – bonam voluntatem eius

5.muwÁfiq – favourable, convenient (e.g. complexion) (1 Avic. An.)

6. ÈÁli½ – good (astr.: aspect, sign) (1 Albu. Coni. / 1 Alcab.)

7.1 ma½mÚd – laudable (astr.: position of a planet) (5 Albu. Coni.)7.2 ½amÍd – praiseworthy (1 Avic. Met.)

8. šÁfin (šfy) – curative; clear (e.g. examination) (1 Aris. Anim. III)

9. saþd n. – good luck (astr., equivalent to: fortunate planet) (6 Alcab.): ilÁ l-nu½Úsi awi l-suþÚdi – ad bonos vel malos planetas

10. ºamÍl – beautiful, pleasant (e.g. remembrance, opinion) (1 Avic. Met. / 1 Aver. MC Gen.) 11. maÔbÚþ – naturally gifted (1 Mesue Aph. B)

12. Èa½Í½ – healthy, sound (1 Avic. Met.)

13. allaªÍ yanba™Í rel. pron. + v. – which ought to be (1 Aris. Anim. III): an-nušÚÿu llaªÍ yanba™Í – cremento bono

14. yuntafaþu bihi indef. rel. sent. – which is put to use (1 Aris. Anim. III): ™iªÁÿun qalÍlun yuntafaþu bihÍ – cibus paucus bonus

15. buþd n. (+ gen.) – breadth (1 Albu. Coni.): buþdu l-Èawti – bonam famamGloss. Seyb.: ºayyid, ¿ayyir, fÁ±il, and in fn.: Ôayb.

bonus // quam bonum est! niþma (1 Avic. An.)bonus // bonum fieri: u½sina (1 Avic. Met.)bonus // est valde bona: yaºÚzu (1 Aris. Anim. III)bonus // bona discretio: ªÚ ½ilm (1 Albu. Coni.)

bonum esse:½usn al-½Ál n. + gen. – good condition (10 Albu. Coni.)

bonum est (or: bonum fit):1.1 ½asuna v. – to be beautiful, to be good (2 Albu. Coni. / 1 Avic. An. / 1 Aris Anim. II / 1

Aris. Anim. III)1.2 a½sana v. – to be good (1 Avic. Met.)

13


2. Èala½a v. – to be sound, good (2 Albu. Coni. / 2 Avic. Gen.)

3. lÁ baÿsa an neg. + n. + conj. – there is no objection to, it is not bad to (1 Avic. An.): lÁ baÿsa an nadulla – bonum est ut ostendamus

4. wÁfaqa v. – to be suitable, beneficial (1 Avic. An.)

5. bi-l-½arÍ an prep. phrase – it is adequate that (1 Avic. An.): bi-l-½ariyyi an – bonum est ut

borax:tinkÁr – borax (min.) (2 Albuzale Simp.)Probably < Malayan tingkal. Goltz 1972, 281-282.

borax // sal de borax: bawraq (1 Albuzale Simp.)

borioz horinoz:bÚrÍyÚs ÚriyyÚs – strait of Pyrrha (in Lesbos) (1 Aris. Anim. II).< Greek oÖ Purraiqow euäripow.

bos:baqar – cattle (31 Albu. Coni.)Gloss. Seyb. bos vel bobis: Ýawr.

bositiz:mÍÔÍs – mytis (analogous part of the liver in molluscs) (1 Aris. Anim. II).< Greek mußtiw. Bositiz not in DMLBS or MLW. Cf. bastiz.

botam:buÔum – terebinth (bot.) (1 Nico. Plan)Lokotsch 1927, nr. 374. DMLBS.

brachium: 1. þa±ud – upper arm (1 Albu. Coni. / 6 Alcab. / Rhaz. Alman. A / 1 Aris. Anim. III)

2. sÁþid – forearm, lower leg of the foreleg (astr.: part of star names) (7 Ptol. Almag.)

3. ªirÁþ – forearm, lower leg of the foreleg (astr.: part of star names) (5 Ptol. Almag.)Gloss. Seyb. bracium: ªirÁþ wa-sÁþid.

branci (pl.):na™Áni™ (pl. of nu™nu™) – gills (anat.) (19 Aris. Anim. II)Fonahn 1922, nr. 2253.

breve (n.):

14


qaÈr n. – shortness (1 Albu. Coni.)

breviari:qaÈura – to be short, insufficient (1 Avic. Qual.)

brevis:1.1 qaÈÍr – short (4 Albu. Coni. / 1 Alcab. / 2 Avic. An. / 3 Avic. Met. / 12 Anar. / 2 Aris.

Anim. II / 1 Aris. Anim. III / 1 Aver. Ep. Parv. / 1 Avic. Qual.)1.2 maqÈÚr – shortened (2 Avic. Met.)1.3 mustaqÈir – regarded as short (1 Avic. An.)1.4 qaÈr n. – shortness, brevity (2 Avic. An.): yumkinu an yufra±a zamÁnun ™ayru ma½sÚsin

qaÈran – possunt etenim ponere tempus non sensatum eo quod est brevissimum

2. mu¿taÈar – shortened, brief (1 Albu. Coni.)

3. Èa™Ír – small (1 Nico. Plan)

4.1 qarÍb – short (1 Anar.)4.2 mutaqÁrib – short (1 Avic. Gen.)Gloss. Seyb.: brebis: qalÍl wa-qaÈÍr.

brevis // brevis esse: qaÈara (1 Mesue Aph. A)brevis // brevis stature: qaÈÍr (1 Alcab.)brevis // parvus brevis: qaÈÍr (1 Aris. Anim. II)

brevitas:1.1 qaÈr – shortness (6 Albu. Coni. / 1 Aris. Anim. II / 1 Aris. Anim. III / 6 Aver. Ep. Parv.)1.2 taqÈÍr – shortness (1 Anar.)

2. tal¿ÍÈ – summary (1 Avic. Met.)

breviter: 1.1 þalÁ/min al-i¿tiÈÁr prep. + n. – in the way of a summarization (1 Avic. Met. / 1 Avic.

Gen.): bayyana mina l-i¿tiÈÁri – ostendere breviter1.2 mu¿taÈar (n. +) adj. – short (1 Avic. Gen.): bi-išÁratin mu¿taÈaratin – breviter loquendo

2. qaÈÍr adj. (acc. qualifying an internal object) – brief (1 Anar.)

3. min al-ÍºÁz prep. + n. – in the way of a summary (1 Aver. Ep. Parv.): mÁ amkannÁ mina l-ÍºÁzi – breviter. The app. crit. gives the textual variant "quam brevissime possumus", which is a more literal translation.

Gloss. Seyb.: brebiter: i¿tiÈÁran.

breviter // breviter colligere: cf. colligere (Avic. Met.)

brodium:maraqa – broth (1 Aris. Anim. II / 2 Albuzale Simp.)

15


Brotonia:qrÚÔÚniyÁ – Crotona (city in Southern Italy) (1 Aris. Anim. III)< Greek Kroßtvn.

brutum (n., always pl.):1. bahÍma always in the pl.: ba½Áÿim – animal (4 Aver. Ep. Parv.)

2. ½ayawÁn – animal (1 Avic. Met.)

brutus (adj.):bahÍmÍ – animal (adj.) (2 Aver. Ep. Parv.)

brutus // brutum animal: ½ayawÁn (1 Avic. Met. / 1 Aver. Ep. Parv.)

bubo (always pl.):ÔÁþÚn usually pl. – plague (35 Albu. Coni.)Gloss. Seyb.: Ôayr al-bÚm.

budusta:biÔÔÍ¿ (or baÔÔÍ¿) – melon (bot.) (1 Albuzale Simp.)

bulbus:šaqÁqul – wild carrot (bot.) (1 Albuzale Simp.)< Persian ÊaqÁqol.

bullitio:™alayÁn – boiling (1 Avic. Gen.)

burdones rontini (pl.): barÁªÍn (pl. of birªawn) – pack horses (1 Albu. Coni.)Cf. Lokotsch 1927, nr. 28 and Kiesler 1994, nr. 28 on barªaþa (packsaddle).Gloss. Seyb.: burdo: birªawn.

buteflez:baÔÔÍ¿ (or biÔÔÍ¿) – melons (1 Alcab.)Lokotsch 1927, nr. 319. Kiesler 1994, nr. 34.

butirum:samn – clarified butter (1 Albuzale Simp.)

16


buzart:busr – unripe dates (1 Albuzale Simp.)

17


List of Glossaries (in chronological order of translation)

Italy, late 11th century

Mesue Aph. A(Mesue, Aphorismi)

YÚ½annÁ ibn MÁsawayh (Jean Mesue): Le livre des axiomes médicaux (aphorismi). Edition du texte arabe et des versions latines avec traduction française et lexique, ed. D. Jacquart, G. Troupeau (Geneva, 1980)Lexique Arabe-Latin-Français (pp. 277-326), Index Latin-Arabe (pp. 327-364), covering two different translations (A and B)

¹azzÁr Obl.(Ibn al-¹azzÁr, De oblivione)

Gerrit Bos, ‘Ibn al-¹azzÁr’s RisÁla fÍ n-nisyÁn and Constantine’s Liber de oblivione’, in: C. Burnett, D. Jacquart, Constantine the African and þAlÍ ibn al-þAbbÁs al-MaºÚsÍ: The Pantegni and Related Texts (Leiden et al., 1994), pp. 203-232Arabic-Latin-Hebrew glossary of technical terms and materia medica pp. 219-223

Spain, early 12th century

Albu. Abbr.(Albumasar, Abbreviation)

AbÚ Maþšar, The Abbreviation of the Introduction to Astrology, together with the medieval Latin translation of Adelard of Bath, ed. and tr. by C. Burnett, K. Yamamoto, M. Yano (Leiden/New York/Cologne, 1994)Glossary of technical terms English-Arabic-Latin pp. 152-159

Albu. Coni.(Albumasar, On the Great Conjunctions)

AbÚ Maþšar, On historical astrology, The Book of Religions and Dynasties (On the Great Conjunctions), ed. K. Yamamoto, C. Burnett (Leiden/Boston/Cologne, 2000), 2 volsArabic-Latin glossary pp. 354-493, Latin-Arabic glossary pp. 494-556

Alcab.(Alcabitius)

al-QabÍÈÍ (Alcabitius), The Introduction to Astrology: Editions of the Arabic and Latin texts and an English translation, ed. C. Burnett, K. Yamamoto, M. Yano (London/Turin, 2004)Arabic-Latin glossary pp. 400-469, Latin-Arabic glossary pp. 468-499

Spain, later 12th century, Dominicus Gundisalvi and others

Avic. Log.(Avicenna, Isagoge)

Avicenna, aš-ŠifÁÿ, al-ManÔiq, al-Mad¿al, ed. I. Madkour (Cairo, 1952) Arabic-Latin glossary of key terms pp. 125-159

Avic. An.(Avicenna, De anima)

Avicenna Latinus, Liber de anima seu sextus de naturalibus, I-II-III, ed. S. van Riet (Louvain/Leiden, 1972)Avicenna Latinus, Liber de anima seu sextus de naturalibus, IV-V, ed. S. van Riet (Louvain/ Leiden, 1968)Arabic-Latin and Latin-Arabic glossaries on pp. 289-461 and pp. 215-327 respectively

Avic. Met. Avicenna Latinus, Liber de philosophia prima sive scientia divina,

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(Avicenna, Metaphysics) I-X, Lexiques, ed. S. van Riet (Louvain-La-Neuve/Leiden, 1983)Arabic-Latin pp. 1-152 and Latin-Arabic pp. 153-345

Fara. Int.(Alfarabi, De intellectu)

E. Gilson, ‘Les sources gréco-arabes de l'Augustinisme avicennisant’, Archives d'histoire doctrinale et littéraire du moyen âge 4 (1929), pp. 5-159Latin-Arabic glossary pp. 154-156

Fara. Flos(Alfarabi, Flos)

M. Cruz Hernandez, ‘El "Fontes Quaestionum" (þUyÚn al-masÁÿil) de AbÚ NaÈr al-FÁrÁbÍ’, Archives d'histoire doctrinale et littéraire du moyen âge 25-26 (1950-51), pp. 303-323Arabic-Latin glossary pp. 319-323

Kindi Int. DG(Alkindi, De Intellectu, transl. Dominicus Gundisalvi)

P. P. Ruffinengo, ‘Al-KindÍ: sull’intelletto, sul sonno e la visione’, Medioevo 23 (1997), pp. 337-394Arabic-Latin glossary pp. 386-388

Procl. Arab.(Proclus arabus, De causis)

þA. Badawi, Plotinus apud Arabes: Theologia Aristotelis et fragmenta quae supersunt (Cairo, 1955)Arabic-Latin glossary pp. 261-269

Spain, later 12th century, Gerard of Cremona and others

Rhaz. Alman. A(Rhazes, ad Almansorem)

D. Jacquart, ‘Note sur la traduction latine du KitÁb al-ManÈÚrÍ de Rhazès’, in ead., La science médicale occidentale entre deux renaissances (XIIe s.–Xve s.) (Aldershot, 1997), art. VIII, pp. 359-374Arabic-Latin glossary of two versions pp. 364-369

Rhaz. Alman. B see Rhaz. Alman. BKindi Grad.(Alkindi, De gradibus)

Arnaldi di Villanova Opera Medica Omnia II, Aphorismi de gradibus, ed. M. R. McVaugh (Granada/Barcelona, 1975)Latin-Arabic glossary pp. 303-305

Kindi Int. GC(Alkindi, De Intellectu, transl. Gerard of Cremona)


Kindi Som.(Alkindi, De somno et visione)


Fara. Scien. GC(Alfarabi, De scientiis, transl.Gerard of Cremona)

Al-FÁrÁbÍ, Über die Wissenschaften. De scientiis. Nach der lateinischen Übersetzung Gerhards von Cremona, ed. F. Schupp (Hamburg, 2005)Arabic-Latin glossary of selected terms pp. 342-346

Ptol. Almag.(Ptolemy, Almagest)

P. Kunitzsch, Der Almagest: Die Syntaxis Mathematica des Claudius Ptolemäus in arabisch-lateinischer Überlieferung, (Wiesbaden, 1974)Sternkatalog und Wortkonkordanz pp. 217-370

Thab. Astr.(ThÁbit ibn Qurra,

The Astronomical Works of Thabit b. Qurra, ed. F. J. Carmody (Berkeley/Los Angeles 1960)

19


Astronomical Works) Arabic roots-Latin equivalents pp. 245-248, Latin-Arabic pp. 249-262

Thab. Fig. GC(ThÁbit ibn Qurra, De figura sectore)

Thabit ibn Qurra, De figura sectore, ed. R. Lorch (Frankfurt am Main, 2001)Arabic-Latin table of technical terms, p. 36 (two translations – one by Gerard of Cremona (GC), the other ca. 1300 or earlier of unknown authorship (An))

Thab. Fig. An See Thab. Fig. GCAnar.(Anaritius, Commentary on Euclid)

AbÚ l-þAbbÁs an-NayrÍzÍ, AbÚ l-þAbbÁs an-NayrÍzÍs Exzerpte aus (Ps.-?)Simplicius’ Kommentar zu den Definitionen, Postulaten und Axiomen in Euclids Elementa I, ed. R. Arnzen (Cologne/Essen, 2002)Arabic-Latin and Latin-Arabic glossaries pp. 67-134

Spain, early 13th century

Nico. Plan.(Nicolaus Damascenus, De plantis)

Nicolaus Damascenus, De plantis. Five Translations, ed. H.J. Drossaart Lulofs and E.L.J. Poortman (Amsterdam/Oxford, 1989) Arabic Index with Latin equivalents pp. 688-716

Ibn Tum.(Ibn TÚmart)

M.-Th. d'Alverny, ‘Marc de Tolède, traducteur d'Ibn TÚmart’, in ead., La connaissance de l'Islam dans l'Occident médiéval, ed. C. Burnett (Aldershot, 1994), art. II, pp. 1-148Arabic-Latin glossary pp. 93-122, Latin-Arabic glossary pp. 123-148

Alpet.(Alpetragius)

Al-BiÔrÚjÍ: De motibus celorum, ed. F.J. Carmody (Berkeley/Los Angeles, 1952)Latin-Arabic pp. 163-175, Arabic roots-Latin equivalents pp. 176-180

Aris. Anim. II(Aristotle, De partibus animalium)

Aristotle, De animalibus, Michael Scot’s Arabic-Latin translation, Part two Books XI - XIV: Parts of animals, ed. A.M.I. van Oppenraaij (Leiden/Boston/Cologne, 1998) Index latino-arabus pp. 315-447, Index arabo-latinus pp. 449-581

Aris. Anim. III(Aristotle, De generatione animalium)

Aristotle, De animalibus, Michael Scot’s Arabic-Latin translation, Part three, Books XV-XIX: Generation of Animals, ed. A.M.I van Oppenraaij (Leiden/New York/Cologne, 1992)Index latino-arabus 269-354, Index arabo-latinus pp. 355-408

Italy, early 13th century, Michael Scot and others

Aver. MC Gen.(Averroes, Middle Commentary on De generatione)

Averrois Cordubensis: Commentarium medium in Aristotelis de generatione et corruptione libros, ed. F.H. Fobes (Cambridge, Mass., 1956)Glossarium Latino-Arabico-Hebraico-Graecum pp. 165-204

Aver. Ep. Parv. Averrois Cordubensis: Compendia librorum Aristotelis qui parva

20


(Averroes, Epitome on Parva Naturalia)

naturalia vocantur, ed. A.L. Shields and H. Blumberg (Cambridge, Mass., 1949)Index Latino-Arabico-Hebraicus pp. 153-265 (There is also a glossary in the edition of the Arabic text, ed. H.Blumberg (1972) in Arabic, Hebrew, Latin and Greek, pp.171-193. There is yet another glossary in the four languages in the edition of the Hebrew text, ed. H. Blumberg (1954), pp.107-135)

Aver. MC Int.(Averroes, Middle Commentary on De interpretatione)

Averroes Latinus: Commentum medium super libro peri hermeneias Aristotelis, ed. R. Hissette (Louvain, 1996)Lexique arabo-latin pp. 113-137, Lexique latino-arabe pp. 139-196

Aver. Iunior(Averroes Iunior, On the active intellect)

C. Burnett / M. Zonta, ‘AbÚ Mu½ammad þAbdallÁh Ibn Rušd (Averroes junior), On Whether the Active Intellect Unites with the Material Intellect whilst it is Clothed with the Body: A Critical Edition of the Three Extant Medieval Versions, together with an English Translation’, Archives d'histoire doctrinale et littéraire du moyen âge 67 (2000), pp. 295-335Arabic-Hebrew-Latin-English glossary of selected terms pp. 328-334

Spain, mid-13th century

Mesue Aph. B see Mesue Aph. AAvic. Gen.(Avicenna, De generatione)

Avicenna Latinus, Liber tertius naturalium de generatione et corruptione, édition critique de la traduction latine médiévale et lexiques, ed. S. van Riet (Louvain-La-Neuve/Leiden, 1987) Arabic-Latin pp. 157-242, Latin-Arabic pp. 243-331

Avic. Qual.(Avicenna, De qualitatibus primis)

Avicenna Latinus, Liber quartus naturalium de actionibus et passionibus qualitatum primarum, édition critique de la traduction latine médiévale et lexiques, ed. S. van Riet (Louvain-La-Neuve/Leiden, 1989) Arabic-Latin pp. 97-168, Latin-Arabic pp. 169-225

13th century

Alhaz.(Alhazen)

Ibn al-Haytham, The optics, Books I-III on direct vision, tr. by A.I. Sabra (London, 1989)Arabic-Latin glossary pp. 145-169, Latin-Arabic glossary pp. 173-202

Late 13th century

Albuzale Simp.(AbÚ l-Æalt, De simplicibus medicinis)

Arnaldi de Villanova: Opera medica omnia XVII, Translatio libri Albuzale de medicinis simplicibus ..., ed. J. Martínez Gázquez, M. R. McVaugh, A. Labarta, L. Cifuentes, D. Jacquart (Barcelona, 2004)Arabic-Latin glossary pp. 551-567, Latin-Arabic glossary pp. 569-583

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Secondary literature

Dietrich 1988 = Albert Dietrich, Dioscurides Triumphans: Ein anonymer arabischer Kommentar (Ende 12. Jahrh. n. Chr.) zur Materia medica, 2 vols (Göttingen, 1988)

Dietrich 1991 = Albert Dietrich, Die Dioskurides-Erklärung des Ibn al-BaiÔÁr: Ein Beitrag zur arabischen Pflanzensynonymik des Mittelalters (Göttingen, 1991)

Dietrich 1993 = Albert Dietrich, Die Ergänzung Ibn ¹ulºul’s zur Materia medica des Dioskurides (Göttingen, 1993)

DMLBS = Dictionary of Medieval Latin from British Sources, ed. David Robert Howlett et al. (Oxford, 1975-)

Dozy = Reinhart Pieter Anne Dozy, Supplément aux dictionnaires arabes, 2 vols (Leiden, 1881, repr. Beirut, 1991)

EI2 = The Encyclopaedia of Islam, new edition (Leiden, 1954-2005)FEW 19 = Walther von Wartburg, Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch: Eine Darstellung des

galloromanischen Sprachschatzes, vol. 19: Orientalia (Basel, 1967)Fischer 1929 = Hermann Fischer, Mittelalterliche Pflanzenkunde (München, 1929, repr.

Hildesheim/Zürich/New York, 2001)Fonahn 1922 = Adolf Fonahn, Arabic and Latin Anatomical Terminology: Chiefly from the Middle

Ages (Kristiania, 1922)GALex = A Greek and Arabic Lexicon (GALex), ed. Gerhard Endreß and Dimitri Gutas (Leiden /

Boston, 1992-)Gloss. Seyb. = Christian Friedrich Seybold, Glossarium latino-arabicum ex unico qui exstat codice

Leidensi undecimo saeculo in Hispania conscripto (Berlin, 1900) Goltz 1972 = Dietlinde Goltz, Studien zur Geschichte der Mineralnamen in Pharmazie, Chemie und

Medizin von den Anfängen bis Paracelsus (Wiesbaden, 1972)Hyrtl 1879 = Joseph Hyrtl, Das Arabische und Hebräische in der Anatomie (Wien, 1879, repr.

Wiesbaden, 1966)Kiesler 1994 = Reinhard Kiesler, Kleines vergleichendes Wörterbuch der Arabismen im

Iberoromanischen und Italienischen (Tübingen/Basel, 1994)Kunitzsch 1990 = Paul Kunitzsch, Claudius Ptolemäus, Der Sternenkatalog des Almagest: Die

arabisch-mittelalterliche Tradition, vol. 2: Die lateinische Übersetzung Gerhards von Cremona (Wiesbaden, 1990)

Lokotsch 1927 = Karl Lokotsch, Etymologisches Wörterbuch der europäischen (germanischen, romanischen und slavischen) Wörter orientalischen Ursprungs (Heidelberg, 1927)

MLW = Mittellateinisches Wörterbuch bis zum ausgehenden 13. Jahrhundert, ed. Otto Prinz et al. (München, 1967-)

Siggel 1950 = Alfred Siggel, Arabisch-deutsches Wörterbuch der Stoffe aus den drei Naturreichen, die in arabischen alchemistischen Handschriften vorkommen, nebst Anhang: Verzeichnis chemischer Geräte (Berlin, 1950)

Steingass = Francis Joseph Steingass, A Comprehensive Persian-English Dictionary (Beirut, 1975)Ullmann 2002 = Manfred Ullmann, Wörterbuch zu den griechisch-arabischen Übersetzungen des 9.

Jahrhunderts (Wiesbaden, 2002)

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arabic and latin glossary, letter b - uni-wuerzburg.de...the arabic counterparts to the latin lemma...

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